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ecrm_100302.owl
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:xsp="http://www.owl-ontologies.com/2005/08/07/xsp.owl#"
xmlns:swrlb="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#"
xmlns:ecrm="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/"
xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#"
xmlns:protege="http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/protege#"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xml:base="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="">
<owl:versionInfo rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>ECRM 2010-03-02 / CIDOC-CRM 5.0.1 November 2009 Edition</owl:versionInfo>
<rdfs:label rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>Erlangen CRM / OWL</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Erlangen CRM / OWL - An OWL DL 1.0 implementation of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, based on: Nick Crofts, Martin Doerr, Tony Gill, Stephen Stead, Matthew Stiff (eds.): Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/. This implementation has been originally created by Bernhard Schiemann, Martin Oischinger and Guenther Goerz at the Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Computer Science, Chair of Computer Science 8 (Artificial Intelligence) and is currently developed in cooperation with the Department of Museum Informatics of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nuremberg and the Department of Biodiversity Informatics of the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn. All writes reserved.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>
Changes from 2009-12-17 to 2010-03-02:
- P67: scope note updated
- P129: scope note updated
- DataTypeProperties of subclasses of E59.PrimitiveValue have been removed.
The pure ECRM will no longer provide any specific means to represent primitive
values in a data type format (like XSD till now). Instead, derived ontologies
may introduce adequate properties. The ECRM as such is not bound to a specific
domain nor underlying implementation (apart from OWL). Therefore the decision
in favour of a data type format is not made here. The implementation of the
primitive value concepts (E59-E62) as OWL classes is kept, though, to ensure
compatibility / expressiveness between subontologies with different data type
formats.
</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Ontology>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E19.Physical_Object">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E18.Physical_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P55.has_current_location"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P54.has_current_permanent_location"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P57.has_number_of_parts"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:cardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises items of a material nature that are units for documentation and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects.
The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessman. Typically instances of this class could be moved (if not too heavy).
In some contexts such objects, except for aggregates, are also called "bona fide objects" (Smith & Warzi, 2000, pp.401-420), i.e. naturally defined objects.
The decision as to what is documented as a complete item, rather than by its parts or components, may be purely administrative or may be a result of the order in which the item was acquired.
Examples: John Smith, Aphrodite of Milos, the Palace of Knossos, the Cullinan diamond, Apollo 13 at the time of launch.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E68.Dissolution">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises the events that result in the formal or informal termination of an E74 Group of people. If the dissolution was deliberate, the Dissolution event should also be instantiated as an E7 Activity.
Example.: the fall of the Roman Empire, the liquidation of Enron Corporation.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E64.End_of_Existence"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E74.Group"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P99.dissolved"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E79.Part_Addition">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E11.Modification"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E24.Physical_Man-Made_Thing"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P110.augmented"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P111.added"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E18.Physical_Thing"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises activities that result in an instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing being increased, enlarged or augmented by the addition of a part.
Typical scenarios include the attachment of an accessory, the integration of a component, the addition of an element to an aggregate object, or the accessioning of an object into a curated E78 Collection. Objects to which parts are added are, by definition, man-made, since the addition of a part implies a human activity. Following the addition of parts, the resulting man-made assemblages are treated objectively as single identifiable wholes, made up of constituent or component parts bound together either physically (for example the engine becoming a part of the car), or by sharing a common purpose (such as the 32 chess pieces that make up a chess
set). This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history and continuity of identity of objects that are integrated into other objects over time, such as precious gemstones being repeatedly incorporated into different items of jewellery, or cultural artifacts being added to different museum instances of E78 Collection over their lifespan.
Examples: the setting of the koh-i-noor diamond into the crown of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother; the addition of the painting "Room in Brooklyn" by Edward Hopper to the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.</rdfs:comment>
<owl:disjointWith>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E80.Part_Removal"/>
</owl:disjointWith>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E62.String">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E59.PrimitiveValue"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises the instances of E59 Primitive Values used for documentation such as free text strings, bitmaps, vector graphics etc.
E62 String is not further elaborated upon within the model.
Examples: the Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over The Lazy Dog, 6F 6E 54 79 70 31 0D 9E.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E30.Right">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P104I.applies_to"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E72.Legal_Object"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E89.Propositional_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises legal privileges concerning material and immaterial things or their derivatives. These include reproduction and property rights.
Example: Copyright held by ISO on ISO/CD 21127; ownership of the "Mona Lisa" by the Louvre.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E4.Period">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations bounded in time and space.
It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify an E4 Period and not the associated spatio-temporal bounds. These bounds are a mere approximation of the actual process of growth, spread and retreat. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area as a sedentary culture.
Typically this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods such as the "Neolithic Period", the "Ming Dynasty" or the "McCarthy Era". There are however no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of coherent phenomena. Therefore E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For example, a modern clinical E67 Birth can be seen as both an atomic E5 Event and as an E4 Period that consists of multiple activities performed by multiple instances of E39 Actor.
There are two different conceptualisations of 'artistic style', defined either by physical features or by historical context. For example, "Impressionism" can be viewed as a period lasting from approximately 1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical context. The first interpretation is an E4 Period, and the second defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type.
Another specific case of an E4 Period is the set of activities and phenomena associated with a settlement, such as the populated period of Nineveh.
Examples: Jurassic, European Bronze Age, Italian Renaissance, Thirty Years War, Sturm und Drang, Cubism.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E2.Temporal_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P9I.forms_part_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P7.took_place_at"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E53.Place"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E20.Biological_Object">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E19.Physical_Object"/>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises individual items of a material nature, which live, have lived, or are natural products of or from living organisms.
Artificial objects, which incorporate biological elements, such as Victorian butterfly frames, can be documented as both instances of E20 Biological Object and E22 Man-Made Object.
Examples: me, Tut-Ankh-Amun, Boukephalas [Horse of Alexander the Great], petrified dinosaur excrement PA1906-344.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E22.Man-Made_Object">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E19.Physical_Object"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E24.Physical_Man-Made_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises physical objects purposely created by human activity. No assumptions are made as to the extent of modification required to justify regarding an object as man-made. For example, an inscribed piece of rock or a preserved butterfly are both regarded as instances of E22 Man-Made Object.
Examples: Mallard (the World's fastest steam engine), the Portland Vase, the Coliseum.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E48.Place_Name">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E44.Place_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises particular and common forms of E44 Place Appellation.
Place Names may change their application over time: the name of an E53 Place may change, and a name may be reused for a different E53 Place. Instances of E48 Place Name are typically subject to place name gazetteers.
Examples: Greece, Athens, Geneva, Lac Léman.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E9.Move">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E7.Activity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P25.moved"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E19.Physical_Object"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E53.Place"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P27.moved_from"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P26.moved_to"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E53.Place"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises changes of the physical location of the instances of E19 Physical Object.
Note, that the class E9 Move inherits the property P7 took place at (witnessed): E53 Place. This property should be used to describe the trajectory or a larger area within which a moven takes place, whereas the properties P26 moved to (was destination of), P27 moved from (was origin of) describe the start and end points only. Moves may also be documented to consist of other moves (via P9 consists of (forms part of)), in order to describe intermediate stages on a trajectory. In that case, start and end points of the partial moves should match appropriately between each other and with the overall event.
Examples: the relocation of London Bridge from the UK to the USA; the movement of the exhibition "Treasures of Tutankhamun" 1976-1979.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E53.Place">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises extents in space, in particular on the surface of the earth, in the pure sense of physics: independent from temporal phenomena and matter.
The instances of E53 Place are usually determined by reference to the position of "immobile" objects such as buildings, cities, mountains, rivers, or dedicated geodetic marks. A Place can be determined by combining a frame of reference and a location with respect to this frame. It may be identified by one or more instances of E44 Place Appellation.
It is sometimes argued that instances of E53 Place are best identified by global coordinates or absolute reference systems. However, relative references are often more relevant in the context of cultural documentation and tend to be more precise.
In particular, we are often interested in position in relation to large, mobile objects, such as ships. For example, the Place at which Nelson died is known with reference to a large mobile object – H.M.S Victory. A resolution of this Place in terms of absolute coordinates would require knowledge of the movements of the vessel and the precise time of death, either of which may be revised, and the result would lack historical and cultural relevance.
Any object can serve as a frame of reference for E53 Place determination. The model foresees the notion of a "section" of an E19 Physical Object as a valid E53 Place determination.
Examples: the extent of the UK in the year 2003; the position of the hallmark on the inside of my wedding ring; the place referred to in the phrase: "Fish collected at three miles north of the confluence of the Arve and the Rhone"; Here -&gt; &lt;-</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E1.CRM_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P59I.is_located_on_or_within"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E41.Appellation">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises all sequences of signs of any nature, either meaningful or not, that are used or can be used to refer to and identify a specific instance of some class within a certain context.
Instances of E41 Appellation do not identify things by their meaning, even if they happen to have one, but by convention, tradition, or agreement. Instances of E41 Appellation are cultural constructs; as such, they have a context, a history, and a use in time and space by some group of users. A given instance of E41 Appellation can have alternative forms, i.e., other instances of E41 Appellation that are always regarded as equivalent independent from the thing it denotes.
Specific subclasses of E41 Appellation should be used when instances of E41 Appellation of a characteristic form are used for particular objects. Instances of E49 Time Appellation, for example, which take the form of instances of E50 Date, can be easily recognised.
E41 Appellation should not be confused with the act of naming something. Cf. E15 Identifier Assignment
Examples: Martin, the Forth Bridge, the Merchant of Venice (E35), "Spigelia marilandica (L.) L." [not the species, just the name], "information science" [not the science itself, but the name through which we refer to it in an English-speaking context]</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E62.String"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E90.Symbolic_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E17.Type_Assignment">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E13.Attribute_Assignment"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P41.classified"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:cardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P42.assigned"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E55.Type"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises the actions of classifying items of whatever kind. Such items include objects, specimens, people, actions and concepts.
This class allows for the documentation of the context of classification acts in cases where the value of the classification depends on the personal opinion of the classifier, and the date that the classification was made. This class also encompasses the notion of "determination", i.e. the systematic and molecular identification of a specimen in biology.
Examples: the first classification of object GE34604 as Lament Cloth, October 2nd;
the determination of a cactus in Martin Doerr’s garden as 'Cereus hildmannianus K.Schumann', July 2003</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E78.Collection">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E24.Physical_Man-Made_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P109.has_current_or_former_curator"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E39.Actor"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises aggregations of instances
of E18 Physical Thing that are assembled and maintained ("curated" and "preserved", in museological terminology) by one or more instances of E39 Actor over time for a specific purpose and audience, and according to a particular collection development plan.
Items may be added or removed from an E78 Collection in pursuit of this plan. This class should not be confused with the E39 Actor maintaining the E78 Collection often referred to with the name of the E78 Collection (e.g. "The Wallace Collection decided…").
Collective objects in the general sense, like a tomb full of gifts, a folder with stamps or a set of chessmen, should be documented as instances of E19 Physical Object, and not as instances of E78 Collection. This is because they form wholes either because they are physically bound together or because they are kept together for their functionality.
Examples: The John Clayton Herbarium, the Wallace Collection.
Michael Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium at Museum of Natural History
and Archaeology, Trondheim, Norway</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E69.Death">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E64.End_of_Existence"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E21.Person"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P100.was_death_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises the deaths of human beings.
If a person is killed, their death should be instantiated as E69 Death and as E7 Activity. The death or perishing of other living beings should be documented using E64 End of Existence.
Examples: the murder of Julius Caesar (E69,E7); the death of Senator Paul Wellstone.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E2.Temporal_Entity">
<owl:disjointWith>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E77.Persistent_Item"/>
</owl:disjointWith>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises all phenomena, such as the instances of E4 Periods, E5 Events and states, which happen over a limited extent in time.
In some contexts, these are also called perdurants. This class is disjoint from E77 Persistent Item. This is an abstract class and has no direct instances. E2 Temporal Entity is specialized into E4 Period, which applies to a particular geographic area (defined with a greater or lesser degree of precision), and E3 Condition State, which applies to instances of E18 Physical Thing.
Examples: Bronze Age (E4), the earthquake in Lisbon 1755 (E5), the Peterhof Palace near Saint Petersburg being in ruins from 1944 – 1946 (E3).</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E1.CRM_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P4.has_time-span"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:cardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E26.Physical_Feature">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E18.Physical_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P56I.is_found_on"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises identifiable features that are physically attached in an integral way to particular physical objects.
Instances of E26 Physical Feature share many of the attributes of instances of E19 Physical Object. They may have a one-, two- or three-dimensional geometric extent, but there are no natural borders that separate them completely in an objective way from the carrier objects. For example, a doorway is a feature but the door itself, being attached by hinges, is not.
Instances of E26 Physical Feature can be features in a narrower sense, such as scratches, holes, reliefs, surface colours, reflection zones in an opal crystal or a density change in a piece of wood. In the wider sense, they are portions of particular objects with partially imaginary borders, such as the core of the Earth, an area of property on the surface of the Earth, a landscape or the head of a contiguous marble statue. They can be measured and dated, and it is sometimes possible to state who or what is or was responsible for them. They cannot be separated from the carrier object, but a segment of the carrier object may be identified (or sometimes removed) carrying the complete feature.
This definition coincides with the definition of the "fiat objects" (B. Smith & Varzi, 2000, pp.401-420), with the exception of aggregates of "bona fide objects".
Examples: The temple in Abu Simbel before its removal, Albrecht Duerer's signature on his painting of Charles the Great, the damage to the nose of the Great Sphinx in Giza, Michael Jackson's nose prior to plastic surgery.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E74.Group">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises any gatherings or organizations of two or more people that act collectively or in a similar way due to any form of unifying relationship. In the wider sense this class also comprises official positions which used to be regarded in certain contexts as one actor, independent of the current holder of the office, such as the president of a country.
A gathering of people becomes an E74 Group when it exhibits organizational characteristics usually typified by a set of ideas or beliefs held in common, or actions performed together. These might be communication, creating some common artifact, a common purpose such as study, worship, business, sports, etc. Nationality can be modeled as membership in an E74 Group (cf. HumanML markup). Married couples and other concepts of family are regarded as particular examples of E74 Group.
Examples: the impressionists, the Navajo, the Greeks, the peace protestors in NYC on February 15 2003, Exxon-Mobil, King Solomon and his wives, the President of the Swiss Confederation.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E39.Actor"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P107.has_current_or_former_member"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>2</owl:minCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P95I.was_formed_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>0</owl:minCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P146I.lost_member_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>2</owl:minCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P144I.gained_member_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E71.Man-Made_Thing">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises discrete, identifiable man-made items that are documented as single units.
These items are either intellectual products or man-made physical things, and are characterized by relative stability. They may for instance have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be logical concepts or structures.
Examples: Beethoven's 5th Symphony (E73), Michelangelo's David, Einstein's Theory of General Relativity (E73), the taxon 'Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus,1758' (E55).</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E70.Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E46.Section_Definition">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E44.Place_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P58I.defines_section"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises areas of objects referred to in terms specific to the general geometry or structure of its kind.
The 'prow' of the boat, the 'frame' of the picture, the 'front' of the building are all instances of E46 Section Definition. The class highlights the fact that parts of objects can be treated as locations. This holds in particular for features without natural boundaries, such as the "head" of a marble statue made out of one block (cf. E53 Place). In answer to the question 'where is the signature?' one might reply 'on the lower left corner'. (Section Definition is closely related to the term "segment" in Gerstl, P.& Pribbenow, S, 1996 "A conceptual theory of part – whole relations and its applications", Data & Knowledge Engineering 20 305-322, North Holland- Elsevier).
Examples: the entrance lobby to the Ripley Center, the poop deck of H.M.S Victory, the Venus de Milo’s left buttock, left inner side of my box.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E45.Address">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises identifiers expressed in coding systems for places, such as postal addresses used for mailing.
An E45 Address can be considered both as the name of an E53 Place and as an E51 Contact Point for an E39 Actor. This dual aspect is reflected in the multiple inheritance. However, some forms of mailing addresses, such as a postal box, are only instances of E51 Contact Point, since they do not identify any particular Place. These should not be documented as instances of E45 Address.
Example: 1-29-3 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 121, Japan; Rue David Dufour 5, CH-1211, Genève.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E44.Place_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E51.Contact_Point"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E40.Legal_Body">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises institutions or groups of people that have obtained a legal recognition as a group and can act collectively as agents.
This means that they can perform actions, own property, create or destroy things and can be held collectively responsible for their actions like individual people. The term 'personne morale' is often used for this in French.
Examples: Greenpeace, Paveprime Ltd, the National Museum of Denmark.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E30.Right"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P75.possesses"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E74.Group"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E73.Information_Object">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E89.Propositional_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E90.Symbolic_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as a poems, jokes, data sets, images, texts, multimedia objects, procedural prescriptions, computer program code, algorithm or mathematical formulae, that have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units.
An E73 Information Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. Instances of E73 Information Object of a linguistic nature should be declared as instances of the E33 Linguistic Object subclass. Instances of E73 Information Object of a documentary nature should be declared as instances of the E31 Document subclass. Conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E73 Information Object, nor are ideas without a reproducible expression.
Examples: image BM000038850.JPG from the Clayton Herbarium in London, E. A. Poe's "The Raven", the movie "The Seven Samurai" by Akira Kurosawa, the Maxwell Equations.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E90.Symbolic_Object">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises identifiable symbols and any aggregation of symbols, such as characters,
identifiers, traffic signs, emblems, texts, data sets, images, musical scores, multimedia objects,
computer program code or mathematical formulae that have an objectively recognizable
structure and that are documented as single units.
It includes sets of signs of any nature, which may serve to designate something, or to
communicate some propositional content.
An instance of E90 Symbolic Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can
include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. An instance
of E90 Symbolic Object may or may not have a specific meaning, for example an arbitrary
character string.
Examples:
-'ecognizabl'
-The "no-smoking" sign (E36)
- 'BM000038850.JPG' (E75)
- image BM000038850.JPG from the Clayton Herbarium in London (E38)
- The distribution of form, tone and colour found on Leonardo da Vinci s painting named
"Mona Lisa" (E38)
- The Italian text of Dante's "Divina Commedia" as found in the authoritative critical
edition La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata a cura di Giorgio Petrocchi, Milano:
Mondadori, 1966-67 (= Le Opere di Dante Alighieri, Edizione Nazionale a cura della
Societa Dantesca Italiana, VII, 1-4) (E33)</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E28.Conceptual_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E72.Legal_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E90.Symbolic_Object"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P106.is_composed_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E44.Place_Appellation">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises any sort of identifier characteristically used to refer to an E53 Place.
Instances of E44 Place Appellation may vary in their degree of precision and their meaning may vary over time - the same instance of E44 Place Appellation may be used to refer to several places, either because of cultural shifts, or because objects used as reference points have moved around. Instances of E44 Place Appellation can be extremely varied in form: postal addresses, instances of E47 Spatial Coordinate, and parts of buildings can all be considered as instances of E44 Place Appellation.
Examples: Vienna, CH-1211 Genève, Wien, Aquae Sulis Minerva, Bath, Cambridge, the Other Place, the City.</rdfs:comment>
<owl:disjointWith>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E49.Time_Appellation"/>
</owl:disjointWith>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E41.Appellation"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E15.Identifier_Assignment">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E13.Attribute_Assignment"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P37.assigned"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E42.Identifier"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises activities that result in the allocation of an identifier to an instance of E1 CRM Entity. An E15 Identifier Assignment may include the creation of the identifier from multiple constituents, which themselves may be instances of E41 Appellation. The syntax and kinds of constituents to be used may be declared in a rule constituting an instance of E29 Design or Procedure.
Examples of such identifiers include Find Numbers, Inventory Numbers, uniform titles in the sense of librarianship and Digital Object Identifiers (DOI). Documenting the act of identifier assignment and deassignment is especially useful when objects change custody or the identification system of an organization is changed. In order to keep track of the identity of things in such cases, it is important to document by whom, when and for what purpose an identifier is assigned to an item.
The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be expressed by using the property E1 CRM Entity. P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of): E42 Identifier. It can better be expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable E55 Type, such as "preferred identifier assignment", to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment via the P2 has type property.
Examples: Replacement of the inventory number TA959a by GE34604 for a 17th century lament cloth
at the Museum Benaki, Athens;
Assigning the author-uniform title heading "Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832.Faust. 1. Theil." for a work (E28);
On June 1, 2001 assigning the personal name heading "Guillaume, de Machaut, ca. 1300-1377" (E42,E82) to Guillaume de Machaut (E21).</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E13.Attribute_Assignment">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E1.CRM_Entity"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P140.assigned_attribute_to"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E7.Activity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises the actions of making assertions about properties of an object or any relation between two items or concepts.
This class allows the documentation of how the respective assignment came about, and whose opinion it was. All the attributes or properties assigned in such an action can also be seen as directly attached to the respective item or concept, possibly as a collection of contradictory values. All cases of properties in this model that are also described indirectly through an action are characterised as "short cuts" of this action. This redundant modelling of two alternative views is preferred because many implementations may have good reasons to model either the action or the short cut, and the relation between both alternatives can be captured by simple rules.
In particular, the class describes the actions of people making propositions and statements during certain museum procedures, e.g. the person and date when a condition statement was made, an identifier was assigned, the museum object was measured, etc. Which kinds of such assignments and statements need to be documented explicitly in structures of a schema rather than free text, depends on if this information should be accessible by structured queries.
Example: the assessment of the current ownership of Martin Doerr’s silver cup in February 1997.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E36.Visual_Item">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E73.Information_Object"/>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises the intellectual or conceptual aspects of recognisable marks and images.
This class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of a visual item, but the underlying prototype. For example, a mark such as the ICOM logo is generally considered to be the same logo when used on any number of publications. The size, orientation and colour may change, but the logo remains uniquely identifiable. The same is true of images that are reproduced many times. This means that visual items are independent of their physical support.
The class E36 Visual Item provides a means of identifying and linking together instances of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing that carry the same visual symbols, marks or images etc. The property P62 depicts (is depicted by) between E24 Physical Man-Made Thing and depicted subjects (E1 CRM Entity) can be regarded as a short-cut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Man-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1CRM Entity, which in addition captures the optical features of the depiction.
Examples: the visual appearance of Monet's "La Pie" (E38), the Coca-Cola logo (E34), the Chi-Rho (E37), the communist red star (E37).</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E5.Event">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E4.Period"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E77.Persistent_Item"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P12.occurred_in_the_presence_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises changes of states in cultural, social or physical systems, regardless of scale, brought about by a series or group of coherent physical, cultural, technological or legal phenomena. Such changes of state will affect instances of E77 Persistent Item or its subclasses.
The distinction between an E5 Event and an E4 Period is partly a question of the scale of observation. Viewed at a coarse level of detail, an E5 Event is an 'instantaneous' change of state. At a fine level, the E5 Event can be analysed into its component phenomena within a space and time frame, and as such can be seen as an E4 Period. The reverse is not necessarily the case: not all instances of E4 Period give rise to a noteworthy change of state.
Examples: the birth of Cleopatra (E67), the destruction of Lisbon by earthquake in 1755 (E6), World War II (E7), the Battle of Stalingrad (E7), the Yalta Conference (E7), my birthday celebration 28-6-1995 (E7), the falling of a tile from my roof last Sunday, the CIDOC Conference 2003 (E7).</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E70.Thing">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This general class comprises usable discrete, identifiable, instances of E77 Persistent Item that are documented as single units.
They can be either intellectual products or physical things, and are characterized by relative stability. They may for instance either have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be logical concept or structure.
Examples: my photograph collection (E78 Collection); the pint of milk in my refrigerator; the plan of the Strassburger Muenster; the thing on the top of Otto Hahn's desk; the design of the non-smoking sign (E29 Design or Procedure) the cave of Dirou, Mani, Greece (E27 Site).</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E77.Persistent_Item"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E7.Activity">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E5.Event"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E39.Actor"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P14.carried_out_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises actions intentionally carried out by instances of E39 Actor that result in changes of state in the cultural, social, or physical systems documented.
This notion includes complex, composite and long-lasting actions such as the building of a settlement or a war, as well as simple, short-lived actions such as the opening of a door.
Examples: the Battle of Stalingrad, the Yalta Conference, my birthday celebration 28-6-1995, the writing of "Faust" by Goethe (E65), the formation of the Bauhaus 1919 (E66), calling the place identified by TGN ‘7017998’ ‘Quyunjig’ by the people of Iraq.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E28.Conceptual_Object">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises non-material products of our minds and other human produced data that
have become objects of a discourse about their identity, circumstances of creation or historical
implication. The production of such information may have been supported by the use of
technical devices such as cameras or computers.
Characteristically, instances of this class are created, invented or thought by someone, and then
may be documented or communicated between persons. Instances of E28 Conceptual Object
have the ability to exist on more than one particular carrier at the same time, such as paper,
electronic signals, marks, audio media, paintings, photos, human memories, etc.
They cannot be destroyed. They exist as long as they can be found on at least one carrier or in
at least one human memory. Their existence ends when the last carrier and the last memory are
lost.
Examples:
Beethoven’s “Ode an die Freude” (Ode to Joy), (E73)
the definition of “ontology” in the Oxford English Dictionary
the knowledge about the victory at Marathon carried by the famous runner</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E65.Creation"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P94I.was_created_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E71.Man-Made_Thing"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E21.Person">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises real persons who live or are assumed to have lived.
Legendary figures that may have existed, such as Ulysses and King Arthur, fall into this class if the documentation refers to them as historical figures. In cases where doubt exists as to whether several persons are in fact identical, multiple instances can be created and linked to indicate their relationship. The CRM does not propose a specific form to support reasoning about possible identity.
Examples: Tut-Ankh-Amun, Nelson Mandela.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E20.Biological_Object"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:cardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P98I.was_born"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E39.Actor"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E24.Physical_Man-Made_Thing">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises all persistent physical items that are purposely created by human activity.
This class comprises man-made objects, such as a swords, and man-made features, such as
rock art. No assumptions are made as to the extent of modification required to justify regarding an object as man-made. For example, a "cup and ring" carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
Examples: the Forth Railway Bridge (E22), the Channel Tunnel (E25), the Historical Collection of the Museum Benaki in Athens (E78).</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E18.Physical_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P108I.was_produced_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E12.Production"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E71.Man-Made_Thing"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E59.PrimitiveValue">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises primitive values used as documentation elements, which are not further elaborated upon within the model.
As such they are not considered as elements within our universe of discourse. No specific implementation recommendations are made.
Examples: ABCDEFG, 3.14, 0, 1921-01-01.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E65.Creation">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types etc.
Examples: the framing of the U.S. Constitution; the drafting of U.N. resolution 1441.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E63.Beginning_of_Existence"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E28.Conceptual_Object"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P94.has_created"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E7.Activity"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E87.Curation_Activity">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises activities of managing the preservation and evolution of an instance of E78 Collection, following some implicit or explicit curation plan. It specializes the notion of activity into the curation of a collection and allows the history of curation to be recorded.
Items are accumulated and organized following criteria like subject, chronological period, material type, style of art etc. and can be added or removed from an E78 Collection for a specific purpose and/or audience. The initial aggregation of items of a collection is regarded as an instance of E12 Production Event while the activity of evolving, preserving and promoting a collection is regarded as an instance of E87 Curation Activity.
Examples:
The curation of Michael. Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium
1876 – 1909 (when Foslie died), now at Museum of Natural History
and Archaeology, Norway</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E7.Activity"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E78.Collection"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P147.curated"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E63.Beginning_of_Existence">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises events that bring into existence any E77 Persistent Item.
It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (intellectual products, physical items, groups of people, living beings) beginning to exist; it serves as a hook for determination of a terminus postquem and antequem.
Examples: the birth of my child; the birth of Snoopy, my dog; the calving of the iceberg that sank the Titanic; the construction of the Eiffel Tower.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E5.Event"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E77.Persistent_Item"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P92.brought_into_existence"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E86.Leaving">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E7.Activity"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P146.separated_from"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:cardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P145.separated"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor to be disassociated
from an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party.
Typical scenarios include the termination of membership in a social organisation, ending the
employment at a company, divorce, and the end of tenure of somebody in an official position.
Examples: The end of Sir Isaac Newton’s duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702; George Washington’s leaving office in 1797.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E39.Actor">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises people, either individually or in groups, who have the potential to perform intentional actions for which they can be held responsible.
The CRM does not attempt to model the inadvertent actions of such actors. Individual people should be documented as instances of E21 Person, whereas groups should be documented as instances of either E74 Group or its subclass E40 Legal Body.
Examples: London and Continental Railways (E40), the Governor of the Bank of England in 1975 (E21), Sir Ian McKellan (E21).</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E77.Persistent_Item"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E58.Measurement_Unit">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the types of measurement units: feet, inches, centrimetres, litres, lumens, etc.
This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E58 Measurement Unit, e.g.: "instances of cm".
Systeme International (SI) units or internationally recognized non-SI terms should be used whenever possible. (ISO 1000:1992). Archaic Measurement Units used in historical records should be preserved.
Examples: cm [centrimetre], km [kilometre], m [meter], m/s [meters per second], A [Ampere], GRD [Greek Drachme], C° [degrees centigrade].</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E55.Type"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P91I.is_unit_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E54.Dimension"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E77.Persistent_Item">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises items that have a persistent identity, sometimes known as "endurants" in philosophy.
They can be repeatedly recognized within the duration of their existence by identity criteria rather than by continuity or observation. Persistent Items can be either physical entities, such as people, animals or things, or conceptual entities such as ideas, concepts, products of the imagination or common names.
The criteria that determine the identity of an item are often difficult to establish -; the decision depends largely on the judgement of the observer. For example, a building is regarded as no longer existing if it is dismantled and the materials reused in a different configuration. On the other hand, human beings go through radical and profound changes during their life-span, affecting both material composition and form, yet preserve their identity by other criteria.
Similarly, inanimate objects may be subject to exchange of parts and matter. The class E77 Persistent Item does not take any position about the nature of the applicable identity criteria and if actual knowledge about identity of an instance of this class exists. There may be cases, where the identity of an E77 Persistent Item is not decidable by a certain state of knowledge. The main classes of objects that fall outside the scope the E77 Persistent Item class are
temporal objects such as periods, events and acts, and descriptive properties.
Examples are: Leonardo da Vinci, Stonehenge, the hole in the ozone layer. the First Law of Thermodynamics, the Bermuda Triangle.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E1.CRM_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E47.Spatial_Coordinates">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E44.Place_Appellation"/>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises the textual or numeric information required to locate specific instances of E53 Place within schemes of spatial identification.
Coordinates are a specific form of E44 Place Appellation, that is, a means of referring to a particular E53 Place. Coordinates are not restricted to longitude, latitude and altitude. Any regular system of reference that maps onto an E19 Physical Object can be used to generate coordinates.
Examples: 6°5'29N 45°12'13''W, Black queen's bishop 4 [chess coordinate].</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E54.Dimension">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises quantifiable properties that can be measured by some calibrated means
and can be approximated by values, i.e. points or regions in a mathematical or conceptual
space, such as natural or real numbers, RGB values etc.
An instance of E54 Dimension represents the true quantity, independent from its numerical
approximation, e.g. in inches or in cm. The properties of the class E54 Dimension allow for
expressing the numerical approximation of the values of an instance of E54 Dimension. If the
true values belong to a non-discrete space, such as spatial distances, it is recommended to
record them as approximations by intervals or regions of indeterminacy enclosing the assumed
Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model 23
true values. For instance, a length of 5 cm may be recorded as 4.5-5.5 cm, according to the
precision of the respective observation. Note, that interoperability of values described in
different units depends critically on the representation as value regions.
Numerical approximations in archaic instances of E58 Measurement Unit used in historical
records should be preserved. Equivalents corresponding to current knowledge should be
recorded as additional instances of E54 Dimension as appropriate.
Examples:
- currency: £26.00
- length: 3.9-4.1 cm
- diameter 26 mm
- weight 150 lbs
- density: 0.85 gm/cc
- luminescence: 56 ISO lumens
- tin content: 0.46 %
- taille au garot: 5 hands
- calibrated C14 date: 2460-2720 years, etc
</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E1.CRM_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P91.has_unit"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:cardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P90.has_value"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E16.Measurement">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E13.Attribute_Assignment"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"
>1</owl:cardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P39.measured"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/P40.observed_dimension"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/100302/E54.Dimension"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises actions measuring physical properties and other values that can be determined by a systematic procedure.
Examples include measuring the monetary value of a collection of coins or the running time of a specific video cassette.
The E16 Measurement may use simple counting or tools, such as yardsticks or radiation detection devices. The interest is in the method and care applied, so that the reliability of the result may be judged at a later stage, or research continued on the associated documents. The date of the event is important for dimensions, which may change value over time, such as the length of an object subject to shrinkage. Details of methods and devices are best handled as free text, whereas basic techniques such as "carbon 14 dating" should be encoded using P2 has type (is type of:) E55 Type.