-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 13
/
Copy pathecrm_091216.owl
4128 lines (3841 loc) · 290 KB
/
ecrm_091216.owl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:xsp="http://www.owl-ontologies.com/2005/08/07/xsp.owl#"
xmlns:owl2xml="http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl2-xml#"
xmlns:swrlb="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#"
xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#"
xmlns:protege="http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/protege#"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:ecrm="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/"
xml:base="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Erlangen CRM / OWL - An OWL DL 1.0 implementation of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, based on: Nick Crofts, Martin Doerr, Tony Gill, Stephen Stead, Matthew Stiff (eds.): Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/. This implementation has been originally created by Bernhard Schiemann, Martin Oischinger and Guenther Goerz at the Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Computer Science, Chair of Computer Science 8 (Artificial Intelligence) and is currently developed in cooperation with the Department of Museum Informatics of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nuremberg and the Department of Biodiversity Informatics of the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn. All writes reserved.</rdfs:comment>
<owl:versionInfo rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>ECRM 2009-12-16 / CIDOC CRM 5.0.1 November Edition</owl:versionInfo>
<rdfs:label rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>Erlangen CRM / OWL</rdfs:label>
</owl:Ontology>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E29.Design_or_Procedure">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E73.Information_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises documented plans for the execution of actions in order to achieve a result of a specific quality, form or contents. In particular it comprises plans for deliberate human activities that may result in the modification or production of instances of E24 Physical Thing. Instances of E29 Design or Procedure can be structured in parts and sequences or depend on others. This is modelled using P69 is associated with.
Designs or procedures can be seen as one of the following:
1. A schema for the activity it describes
2. A schema of the products that result from their application.
3. An independent intellectual product that may have never been applied, such as Leonardo da Vinci's famous plans for flying machines.
Because designs or procedures may never be applied or only partially executed, the CRM models a loose relationship between the plan and the respective product.
Examples are: the ISO standardatisation procedure; the musical notation of Beethoven's "Ode to Joy"; the architectal drawings for the Kölner Dom in Cologne, Germany; folio 860 of the Codex Atlanticus from Leonardo da Vinci, 1486-1490, kept in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E42.Identifier">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E41.Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises strings or codes assigned to instances of E1 CRM Entity in order to identify them uniquely and permanently within the context of one or more organisations. Such codes are often known as inventory numbers, registration codes, etc. and are typically composed of alphanumeric sequences. The class E42 Identifier is not normally used for machine-generated identifiers used for automated processing unless these are also used by human agents.
Examples: "MM.GE.195", "13.45.1976", "OXCMS: 1997.4.1", ISSN "0041-5278", ISRC "FIFIN8900116", Shelf mark "Res 8 P 10", "Guillaume de Machaut (1300?-1377)" [a controlled personal name heading that follows
the French rules].</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E14.Condition_Assessment">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E18.Physical_Thing"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P34.concerned"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P35.has_identified"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E13.Attribute_Assignment"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class describes the act of assessing the state of preservation of an object during a particular period.
The condition assessment may be carried out by inspection, measurement or through historical research. This class is used to document circumstances of the respective assessment that may be relevant to interpret its quality at a later stage, or to continue research on related documents.
Example: last year’s inspection of humidity damage to the frescos in the St. George chapel in our village.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E8.Acquisition">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P24.transferred_title_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E7.Activity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises transfers of legal ownership from one or more instances of E39 Actor to one or more other instances of E39 Actor.
The class also applies to the establishment or loss of ownership of instances of E18 Physical Thing. It does not, however, imply changes of any other kinds of right. The recording of the donor and/or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E8 Acquisition there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe:
1. the beginning of ownership
2. the end of ownership
3. the transfer of ownership
4. the acquisition from an unknown source
5. the loss of title due to destruction of the item
It may also describe events where a collector appropriates legal title, for example by annexation or field collection. The interpretation of the museum notion of "accession" differs between institutions. The CRM therefore models legal ownership (E8 Acquisition) and physical custody (E10 Transfer of Custody) separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these.
Examples: the collection of a hammer-head shark of the genus Sphyrna (Carchariniformes) by John Steinbeck and Edward Ricketts at Puerto Escondido in the Gulf of Mexico on March 25th, 1940;
the acquisition of El Greco’s "The Apostles Peter and Paul" by the State Hermitage in Saint Petersburg;
the loss of my stuffed chaffinch ‘Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758’ due to insect damage last year.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E84.Information_Carrier">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E22.Man-Made_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises all instances of E22 Man-Made Object that are explicitly designed to act as persistent physical carriers for instances of E73 Information Object.
This allows a relationship to be asserted between an E19 Physical Object and its immaterial information contents. An E84 Information Carrier may or may not contain information, e.g., a diskette. Note that any E18 Physical Thing may carry information, such as an E34 Inscription. However, unless it was specifically designed for this purpose, it is not an Information Carrier. Therefore the property P128 carries (is carried by) applies to E18 Physical Thing in general.
Examples: the Rosetta Stone, my paperpack copy of Crime & Punishment, the computer disk at ICS-FORTH that stores the canonical Definition of the CIDOC CRM.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E48.Place_Name">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises particular and common forms of E44 Place Appellation.
Place Names may change their application over time: the name of an E53 Place may change, and a name may be reused for a different E53 Place. Instances of E48 Place Name are typically subject to place name gazetteers.
Examples: Greece, Athens, Geneva, Lac Léman.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E44.Place_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E57.Material">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the concepts of materials.
Instances of E57 Material may denote properties of matter before its use, during its use, and as incorporated in an object, such as ultramarine powder, tempera paste, reinforced concrete. Discrete pieces of raw-materials kept in museums, such as bricks, sheets of fabric, pieces of metal, should be modelled individually in the same way as other objects. Discrete used or processed pieces, such as the stones from Nefer Titi's temple, should be modelled as parts (cf. P46 is composed of).
This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E57 Material, e.g.: "instances of gold".
It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology are used.
Examples are: brick, gold, aluminium, polycarbonate, resin.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E55.Type"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E82.Actor_Appellation">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E41.Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises any sort of name, number, code or symbol characteristically used to identify an E39 Actor.
An E39 Actor will typically have more than one E82 Actor Appellation, and instances of E82 Actor Appellation in turn may have alternative representations. The distinction between corporate and personal names, which is particularly important in library applications, should be made by explicitly linking the E82 Actor Appellation to an instance of either E21 Person or E74 Group/E40 Legal Body. If this is not possible, the distinction can be made through the use of the P2 has type mechanism.
Examples: John Doe; Doe, J. ; the U. S. Social Security Number 246-14-2304; The Artist Formerly Known as Prince; The Master of the Flemish Madonna; Raphael's Workshop; the Brontë Sisters; ICOM; International Council of Museums.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E45.Address">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E51.Contact_Point"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E44.Place_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises identifiers expressed in coding systems for places, such as postal addresses used for mailing.
An E45 Address can be considered both as the name of an E53 Place and as an E51 Contact Point for an E39 Actor. This dual aspect is reflected in the multiple inheritance. However, some forms of mailing addresses, such as a postal box, are only instances of E51 Contact Point, since they do not identify any particular Place. These should not be documented as instances of E45 Address.
Example: 1-29-3 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 121, Japan; Rue David Dufour 5, CH-1211, Genève.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E5.Event">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises changes of states in cultural, social or physical systems, regardless of scale, brought about by a series or group of coherent physical, cultural, technological or legal phenomena. Such changes of state will affect instances of E77 Persistent Item or its subclasses.
The distinction between an E5 Event and an E4 Period is partly a question of the scale of observation. Viewed at a coarse level of detail, an E5 Event is an 'instantaneous' change of state. At a fine level, the E5 Event can be analysed into its component phenomena within a space and time frame, and as such can be seen as an E4 Period. The reverse is not necessarily the case: not all instances of E4 Period give rise to a noteworthy change of state.
Examples: the birth of Cleopatra (E67), the destruction of Lisbon by earthquake in 1755 (E6), World War II (E7), the Battle of Stalingrad (E7), the Yalta Conference (E7), my birthday celebration 28-6-1995 (E7), the falling of a tile from my roof last Sunday, the CIDOC Conference 2003 (E7).</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P12.occurred_in_the_presence_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E77.Persistent_Item"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E4.Period"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E4.Period">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P7.took_place_at"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E53.Place"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P9I.forms_part_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E2.Temporal_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations bounded in time and space.
It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify an E4 Period and not the associated spatio-temporal bounds. These bounds are a mere approximation of the actual process of growth, spread and retreat. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area as a sedentary culture.
Typically this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods such as the "Neolithic Period", the "Ming Dynasty" or the "McCarthy Era". There are however no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of coherent phenomena. Therefore E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For example, a modern clinical E67 Birth can be seen as both an atomic E5 Event and as an E4 Period that consists of multiple activities performed by multiple instances of E39 Actor.
There are two different conceptualisations of 'artistic style', defined either by physical features or by historical context. For example, "Impressionism" can be viewed as a period lasting from approximately 1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical context. The first interpretation is an E4 Period, and the second defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type.
Another specific case of an E4 Period is the set of activities and phenomena associated with a settlement, such as the populated period of Nineveh.
Examples: Jurassic, European Bronze Age, Italian Renaissance, Thirty Years War, Sturm und Drang, Cubism.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E89.Propositional_Object">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E1.CRM_Entity"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P67I.is_referred_to_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E89.Propositional_Object"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P148.has_component"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E1.CRM_Entity"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P129I.is_subject_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E28.Conceptual_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises immaterial items, including but not limited to stories, plots, procedural
prescriptions, algorithms, laws of physics or images that are, or represent in some sense, sets of
propositions about real or mental things and that are documented as single units or serve as
topic of discourse.
This class also comprises items that are “about” something in the sense of a subject. In the
wider sense, this class includes expressions of psychological value such as non-figural art and
musical themes. However, conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E89
Propositional Object. This should not be confused with the definition of a type, which is
indeed an instance of E89 Propositional Object.
Examples:
- Maxwell’s Equations
- The ideational contents of Aristotle’s book entitled ‘Metaphysics’ as rendered in the
Greek texts translated in … Oxford edition…
- The underlying prototype of any “no-smoking” sign (E36)
- The common ideas of the plots of the movie "The Seven Samurai" by Akira Kurosawa and
the movie “The Magnificent Seven” by John Sturges
- The image content of the photo of the Allied Leaders at Yalta 1945 (E38)</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E86.Leaving">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor to be disassociated
from an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party.
Typical scenarios include the termination of membership in a social organisation, ending the
employment at a company, divorce, and the end of tenure of somebody in an official position.
Examples: The end of Sir Isaac Newton’s duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702; George Washington’s leaving office in 1797.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P145.separated"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:cardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P146.separated_from"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E7.Activity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E51.Contact_Point">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E39.Actor"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P76I.provides_access_to"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E41.Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises identifiers employed, or understood, by communication services to direct communications to an instance of E39 Actor.
These include E-mail addresses, telephone numbers, post office boxes, Fax numbers, etc. Most postal addresses can be considered both as instances of E44 Place Appellation and E51 Contact Point. The E45 Address subclass should be used.
Examples: +41 22 418 5571, weasel@paveprime.com</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E28.Conceptual_Object">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E71.Man-Made_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E65.Creation"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P94I.was_created_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises non-material products of our minds and other human produced data that
have become objects of a discourse about their identity, circumstances of creation or historical
implication. The production of such information may have been supported by the use of
technical devices such as cameras or computers.
Characteristically, instances of this class are created, invented or thought by someone, and then
may be documented or communicated between persons. Instances of E28 Conceptual Object
have the ability to exist on more than one particular carrier at the same time, such as paper,
electronic signals, marks, audio media, paintings, photos, human memories, etc.
They cannot be destroyed. They exist as long as they can be found on at least one carrier or in
at least one human memory. Their existence ends when the last carrier and the last memory are
lost.
Examples:
Beethoven’s “Ode an die Freude” (Ode to Joy), (E73)
the definition of “ontology” in the Oxford English Dictionary
the knowledge about the victory at Marathon carried by the famous runner</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E74.Group">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P144I.gained_member_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>2</owl:minCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P146I.lost_member_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>0</owl:minCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P95I.was_formed_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P107.has_current_or_former_member"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>2</owl:minCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E39.Actor"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises any gatherings or organizations of two or more people that act collectively or in a similar way due to any form of unifying relationship. In the wider sense this class also comprises official positions which used to be regarded in certain contexts as one actor, independent of the current holder of the office, such as the president of a country.
A gathering of people becomes an E74 Group when it exhibits organizational characteristics usually typified by a set of ideas or beliefs held in common, or actions performed together. These might be communication, creating some common artifact, a common purpose such as study, worship, business, sports, etc. Nationality can be modeled as membership in an E74 Group (cf. HumanML markup). Married couples and other concepts of family are regarded as particular examples of E74 Group.
Examples: the impressionists, the Navajo, the Greeks, the peace protestors in NYC on February 15 2003, Exxon-Mobil, King Solomon and his wives, the President of the Swiss Confederation.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E24.Physical_Man-Made_Thing">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E71.Man-Made_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P108I.was_produced_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E12.Production"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E18.Physical_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises all persistent physical items that are purposely created by human activity.
This class comprises man-made objects, such as a swords, and man-made features, such as
rock art. No assumptions are made as to the extent of modification required to justify regarding an object as man-made. For example, a "cup and ring" carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
Examples: the Forth Railway Bridge (E22), the Channel Tunnel (E25), the Historical Collection of the Museum Benaki in Athens (E78).</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E75.Conceptual_Object_Appellation">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This classes comprises all specific identifiers of intellectual products or standardized patterns. Examples: ISBN-3-7913-1418-1, ISO2788-1986(E).</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E41.Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
></rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E11.Modification">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises all instances of E7 Activity that create, alter or change E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
This class includes the production of an item from raw materials, and other so far undocumented objects, and the preventive treatment or restoration of an object for conservation.
Since the distinction between modification and production is not always clear, modification is regarded as the more generally applicable concept. This implies that some items may be consumed or destroyed in a Modification, and that others may be produced as a result of it. An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities.
If the instance of the E29 Design or Procedure utilised for the modification prescribes the use of specific materials, they should be documented using properties of the design or procedure, rather than via P126 employed (was employed in): E57 Material.
Examples: the construction of the SS Great Britain (E12); the impregnation of the Vasa warship in Stockholm for preservation after 1956; the transformation of the Enola Gay into a museum exhibit by the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC between 1993 and 1995 (E12, E81); the last renewal of the gold coating of the Toshogu shrine in Nikko, Japan.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E7.Activity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P31.has_modified"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E24.Physical_Man-Made_Thing"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E54.Dimension">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises quantifiable properties that can be measured by some calibrated means
and can be approximated by values, i.e. points or regions in a mathematical or conceptual
space, such as natural or real numbers, RGB values etc.
An instance of E54 Dimension represents the true quantity, independent from its numerical
approximation, e.g. in inches or in cm. The properties of the class E54 Dimension allow for
expressing the numerical approximation of the values of an instance of E54 Dimension. If the
true values belong to a non-discrete space, such as spatial distances, it is recommended to
record them as approximations by intervals or regions of indeterminacy enclosing the assumed
Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model 23
true values. For instance, a length of 5 cm may be recorded as 4.5-5.5 cm, according to the
precision of the respective observation. Note, that interoperability of values described in
different units depends critically on the representation as value regions.
Numerical approximations in archaic instances of E58 Measurement Unit used in historical
records should be preserved. Equivalents corresponding to current knowledge should be
recorded as additional instances of E54 Dimension as appropriate.
Examples:
- currency: £26.00
- length: 3.9-4.1 cm
- diameter 26 mm
- weight 150 lbs
- density: 0.85 gm/cc
- luminescence: 56 ISO lumens
- tin content: 0.46 %
- taille au garot: 5 hands
- calibrated C14 date: 2460-2720 years, etc
</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P90.has_value"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P91.has_unit"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:cardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E1.CRM_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E19.Physical_Object">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:cardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P57.has_number_of_parts"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P54.has_current_permanent_location"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P55.has_current_location"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E18.Physical_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises items of a material nature that are units for documentation and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects.
The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessman. Typically instances of this class could be moved (if not too heavy).
In some contexts such objects, except for aggregates, are also called "bona fide objects" (Smith & Warzi, 2000, pp.401-420), i.e. naturally defined objects.
The decision as to what is documented as a complete item, rather than by its parts or components, may be purely administrative or may be a result of the order in which the item was acquired.
Examples: John Smith, Aphrodite of Milos, the Palace of Knossos, the Cullinan diamond, Apollo 13 at the time of launch.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E35.Title">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises the names assigned to works, such as texts, artworks or pieces of music.
Titles are proper noun phrases or verbal phrases, and should not be confused with generic object names such as "chair", "painting" or "book" (the latter are common nouns and are modelled in the CRM as instances of E55 Type). Titles may be assigned by the creator of the work itself, or by a social group.
This class also comprises the translations of titles that are used as surrogates for the original titles in different social contexts.
Examples: the Mercant of Venice, Mona Lisa, La Pie or The Magpie, Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E41.Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E33.Linguistic_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E85.Joining">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor becoming a member
of an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party.
Typical scenarios include becoming a member of a social organisation, becoming employee of
a company, marriage, the adoption of a child by a family and the inauguration of somebody
into an official position.
Examples: The election of Sir Isaac Newton as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament of 1689; The inauguration of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev as leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1985.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:cardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P143.joined"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P144.joined_with"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E7.Activity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E56.Language">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E55.Type"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the natural languages in the sense of concepts.
This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E56.Language, e.g.: "instances of Mandarin Chinese".
It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology are used to
denote instances of E56 Language, such as those defined in ISO 639:1988.
Example:el [Greek], en [English], eo [Esperanto], es [Spanish], fr [French].</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E55.Type">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P135I.was_created_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E28.Conceptual_Object"/>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to
characterize and classify instances of CRM classes. Instances of E55 Type represent concepts in
contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CRM classes.
E55 Type is the CRM’s interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented
in the CRM as subclasses of E55 Type, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e. instances of E55 Type linked
via P127 has broader term (has narrower term). Such hierarchies may be extended with additional
properties.
Examples:
weight, length, depth [types of E54 Dimension]
portrait, sketch, animation [types of E38 image]
French, English, German [E56]
excellent, good, poor [types of E3 Condition State]
Ford Model T, chop stick [types of E22 Man-Made Object]
cave, doline, scratch [types of E26 Physical Feature]
poem, short story [types of E33 Linguistic Object]
wedding, earthquake, skirmish [types of E5 Event]</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E64.End_of_Existence">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises events that end the existence of any E77 Persistent Item.
It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (physical items, groups of people, living beings) ceasing to exist; it serves as a hook for determination of a terminus postquem and antequem. In cases where substance from a Persistent Item continues to exist in a new form, the process would be documented by E81 Transformation.
Examples: the death of Snoopy, my dog; the melting the snowman; the burning of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesos by Herostratos in 356BC.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P93.took_out_of_existence"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E77.Persistent_Item"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E5.Event"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E34.Inscription">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E37.Mark"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E33.Linguistic_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises recognisable, short texts attached to instances of E24.Physical Man-Made Thing.
The transcription of the text can be documented in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. The alphabet used can be documented by P2 has type: E55 Type. This class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of an inscription, but the underlying prototype. The physical embodiment is modelled in the CRM as E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
The relationship of a physical copy of a book to the text it contains is modelled using E84 Information Carrier P128 carries (is carried by): E33 Linguistic Object.
Examples: "keep of the grass" on a sign stuck in the lawn of the quad of Balliol College, Kilroy was here, The text published in Corpus Inscriptionum LatinarumV 895.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E66.Formation">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises events that result in the formation of a formal or informal E74 Group of
people, such as a club, society, association, corporation or nation.
E66 Formation does not include the arbitrary aggregation of people who do not act as a
collective.
The formation of an instance of E74 Group does not mean that the group is populated with
members at the time of formation. In order to express the joining of members at the time of
formation, the respective activity should be simultaneously an instance of both E66 Formation
and E85 Joining.
Examples:
the formation of the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group
the formation of the Soviet Union
the conspiring of the murderers of Caesar</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E7.Activity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P95.has_formed"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E74.Group"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E63.Beginning_of_Existence"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E49.Time_Appellation">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises all forms of names or codes, such as historical periods, and dates, which are characteristically used to refer to a specific E52 Time-Span.
The instances of E49 Time Appellation may vary in their degree of precision, and they may be relative to other time frames, "Before Christ" for example. Instances of E52 Time-Span are often defined by reference to a cultural period or an event e.g. 'the duration of the Ming Dynasty'.
Examples: Meiji [Japanese term for a specific time-span], 1st half of the XX century, Quaternary, 1215 Hegira [a date in the Islamic calendar], Last century.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E41.Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E31.Document">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E73.Information_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E1.CRM_Entity"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P70.documents"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This entity comprises identifiable immaterial items, which make propositions about reality. These propositions may be expressed in text, graphics, images, audiograms, videograms or by other similiar means. Documentation databases are regarded as a special case of a E31 Document. This class should not be confused with the term "document" of Information Technology, which is compatible with E73 Information Object.
Examples: the Encyclopaedia Britannica (E32), the photo of the Allied Leaders at Yalta published by the UPI, 1945 or the Doomsday Book.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E26.Physical_Feature">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises identifiable features that are physically attached in an integral way to particular physical objects.
Instances of E26 Physical Feature share many of the attributes of instances of E19 Physical Object. They may have a one-, two- or three-dimensional geometric extent, but there are no natural borders that separate them completely in an objective way from the carrier objects. For example, a doorway is a feature but the door itself, being attached by hinges, is not.
Instances of E26 Physical Feature can be features in a narrower sense, such as scratches, holes, reliefs, surface colours, reflection zones in an opal crystal or a density change in a piece of wood. In the wider sense, they are portions of particular objects with partially imaginary borders, such as the core of the Earth, an area of property on the surface of the Earth, a landscape or the head of a contiguous marble statue. They can be measured and dated, and it is sometimes possible to state who or what is or was responsible for them. They cannot be separated from the carrier object, but a segment of the carrier object may be identified (or sometimes removed) carrying the complete feature.
This definition coincides with the definition of the "fiat objects" (B. Smith & Varzi, 2000, pp.401-420), with the exception of aggregates of "bona fide objects".
Examples: The temple in Abu Simbel before its removal, Albrecht Duerer's signature on his painting of Charles the Great, the damage to the nose of the Great Sphinx in Giza, Michael Jackson's nose prior to plastic surgery.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P56I.is_found_on"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E18.Physical_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E67.Birth">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises the birth of a human beings.
E67 Birth is a biological event focussing on the context of people coming into life. (E63 Beginning of Existence comprises the coming into life of any living beings).
Twins, triplets etc. are brought into life by the same E67 Birth event. The introduction of the E67 Birth event as a documentation element allows the description of a range of family relationships in a simple model. Suitable extensions may describe more details and the complexity of motherhood with the intervention of modern medicine. In this model, the biological father is not seen as a necessary participant in the E67 Birth event.
Example: the birth of Alexander the Great</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P97.from_father"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E21.Person"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E21.Person"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P96.by_mother"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E63.Beginning_of_Existence"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E27.Site">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E26.Physical_Feature"/>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises pieces of land or sea floor. In contrast to the purely geometric notion of E53 Place, this class describes constellations of matter on the surface of the Earth or other celestial body, which can be represented by photographs, paintings and maps. Instances of E27 Site are composed of relatively immobile material items and features in a particular configuration at a particular location.
Examples: the Amazon river basin; Knossos; the Apollo 11 landing site; Heathrow Airport; the submerged harbour of the Minoan settlement of Gournia, Crete.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E37.Mark">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E36.Visual_Item"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises symbols, signs, signatures or short texts applied to instances of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing by arbitrary techniques in order to indicate the creator, owner, dedications, purpose, etc.
This class specifically excludes features that have no semantic significance, such as scratches or tool marks. These should be documented as instances of E25 Man-Made Feature.
Examples: Minoan double axe mark, the "copyright sign", the smiley symbol.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E20.Biological_Object">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E19.Physical_Object"/>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises individual items of a material nature, which live, have lived, or are natural products of or from living organisms.
Artificial objects, which incorporate biological elements, such as Victorian butterfly frames, can be documented as both instances of E20 Biological Object and E22 Man-Made Object.
Examples: me, Tut-Ankh-Amun, Boukephalas [Horse of Alexander the Great], petrified dinosaur excrement PA1906-344.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E59.PrimitiveValue">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises primitive values used as documentation elements, which are not further elaborated upon within the model.
As such they are not considered as elements within our universe of discourse. No specific implementation recommendations are made.
Examples: ABCDEFG, 3.14, 0, 1921-01-01.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E60.Number">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="has_FloatNumber"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="has_IntNumber"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E59.PrimitiveValue"/>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises any encoding of computable (algebraic) values such as integers, real numbers, complex numbers, vectors, tensors etc., including intervals of these values to express limited precision.
Numbers are fundamentally distinct from identifiers in continua, such as instances of E50 Date and E47 Spatial Coordinate, even though their encoding may be similar. Instances of E60 Number can be combined with each other in algebraic operations to yield other instances of E60 Number, e.g., 1+1=2. Identifiers in continua may be combined with numbers expressing distances to yield new identifiers, e.g., 1924-01-31 + 2 days = 1924-02-02. Cf. E54 Dimension.
Examples: 5 (this number is of datatype int), 3+2i (this is a complex number and can be represented by ints and strings), 1.5e-04, (0.5, -0.7, 88) (the result of this computation is a float number but the expression is treated like a string of CIDOC CRM because of its brackets).</rdfs:comment>
<owl:disjointWith>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E62.String"/>
</owl:disjointWith>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E6.Destruction">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E64.End_of_Existence"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P13.destroyed"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E18.Physical_Thing"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises events that destroy one or more instances of E18 Physical Thing such that they lose their identity as the subjects of documentation.
Some destruction events are intentional, while others are independent of human activity. Intentional destruction may be documented by classifying the event as both an E6 Destruction and E7 Activity.
The decision to document an object as destroyed, transformed or modified is context sensitive:
1. If the matter remaining from the destruction is not documented, the event is modelled solely as E6 Destruction.
2. An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the original. In this case, the new items have separate identities. Matter is preserved, but identity is not.
3. When the initial identity of the changed instance of E18 Physical Thing is preserved, the event should be documented as E11 Modification.
Examples: the destruction of Lisbon by earthquake in 1755; the destruction of Nineveh (E6, E7); the breaking of a champagne glass yesterday by my dog; the shooting of the last wolf ('Canis lupus Linne, 1758') of the Rhineland/Germany, in Birreskopf/Eifel 1860 (now Museum Alexander Koenig inventory no.: ZFMK 86.385) (E6, E7).</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E7.Activity">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E39.Actor"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P14.carried_out_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E5.Event"/>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises actions intentionally carried out by instances of E39 Actor that result in changes of state in the cultural, social, or physical systems documented.
This notion includes complex, composite and long-lasting actions such as the building of a settlement or a war, as well as simple, short-lived actions such as the opening of a door.
Examples: the Battle of Stalingrad, the Yalta Conference, my birthday celebration 28-6-1995, the writing of "Faust" by Goethe (E65), the formation of the Bauhaus 1919 (E66), calling the place identified by TGN ‘7017998’ ‘Quyunjig’ by the people of Iraq.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E83.Type_Creation">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E55.Type"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P135.created_type"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E65.Creation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises activities formally defining new types of items.
It is typically a rigorous scholarly or scientific process that ensures a type is exhaustively described and appropriately named. In some cases, particularly in archaeology and the life sciences, E83 Type Creation requires the identification of an exemplary specimen and the publication of the type definition in an appropriate scholarly forum. The activity of E83 Type Creation is central to research in the life sciences, where a type would be referred to as a "taxon", the type description as a "protologue", and the exemplary specimens as "orgininal element" or "holotype".
Examples: creation of the taxon 'Penicillium brefeldianum B. O. Dodge' (1933); addition of class E84 Information Carrier to the CIDOC CRM.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E16.Measurement">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises actions measuring physical properties and other values that can be determined by a systematic procedure.
Examples include measuring the monetary value of a collection of coins or the running time of a specific video cassette.
The E16 Measurement may use simple counting or tools, such as yardsticks or radiation detection devices. The interest is in the method and care applied, so that the reliability of the result may be judged at a later stage, or research continued on the associated documents. The date of the event is important for dimensions, which may change value over time, such as the length of an object subject to shrinkage. Details of methods and devices are best handled as free text, whereas basic techniques such as "carbon 14 dating" should be encoded using P2 has type (is type of:) E55 Type.
Examples: measurement of height of silver cup 232 on the 31st August 1997; the carbon 14 dating of the "Schoeninger Speer II" in 1996 [an about 400.000 years old Palaeolithic complete wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niedersachsen, Germany in 1995].</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E54.Dimension"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P40.observed_dimension"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:cardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P39.measured"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E13.Attribute_Assignment"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E65.Creation">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types etc.
Examples: the framing of the U.S. Constitution; the drafting of U.N. resolution 1441.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E7.Activity"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E28.Conceptual_Object"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P94.has_created"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E63.Beginning_of_Existence"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E32.Authority_Document">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This entity comprises encyclopaedia, thesauri, authority lists and other documents that define terminology or conceptual systems for consistent use. Examples are: Webster's Dictionary, Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus, CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E31.Document"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E13.Attribute_Assignment">
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises the actions of making assertions about properties of an object or any relation between two items or concepts.
This class allows the documentation of how the respective assignment came about, and whose opinion it was. All the attributes or properties assigned in such an action can also be seen as directly attached to the respective item or concept, possibly as a collection of contradictory values. All cases of properties in this model that are also described indirectly through an action are characterised as "short cuts" of this action. This redundant modelling of two alternative views is preferred because many implementations may have good reasons to model either the action or the short cut, and the relation between both alternatives can be captured by simple rules.
In particular, the class describes the actions of people making propositions and statements during certain museum procedures, e.g. the person and date when a condition statement was made, an identifier was assigned, the museum object was measured, etc. Which kinds of such assignments and statements need to be documented explicitly in structures of a schema rather than free text, depends on if this information should be accessible by structured queries.
Example: the assessment of the current ownership of Martin Doerr’s silver cup in February 1997.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E7.Activity"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E10.Transfer_of_Custody">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/091216/E7.Activity"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="E18.Physical_Thing"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="P30.transferred_custody_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>This class comprises transfers of physical custody of objects between instances of E39 Actor.
The recording of the donor and/or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E10
Transfer of Custody there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances it
may describe:
1. the beginning of custody