diff --git a/docs/rules/filename-naming-convention.md b/docs/rules/filename-naming-convention.md
index 9bb560e..8b674dd 100644
--- a/docs/rules/filename-naming-convention.md
+++ b/docs/rules/filename-naming-convention.md
@@ -72,6 +72,29 @@ module.exports = {
 };
 ```
 
+#### using capture groups
+
+You can use glob capture groups in you rule set using the `<index>` syntax. Read more about glob capture groups in the [micromatch documentation](https://github.com/micromatch/micromatch#capture).
+
+For example the following rule will only allow a file to be named the same as its parent folder :
+
+```js
+module.exports = {
+  plugins: ['check-file'],
+  rules: {
+    'check-file/filename-naming-convention': [
+      'error',
+      {
+        '**/*/*': '<1>',
+      },
+      {
+        ignoreMiddleExtensions: true,
+      },
+    ],
+  },
+};
+```
+
 #### rule configuration object
 
 ##### `ignoreMiddleExtensions`
diff --git a/lib/rules/filename-naming-convention.js b/lib/rules/filename-naming-convention.js
index b701191..44bffe0 100644
--- a/lib/rules/filename-naming-convention.js
+++ b/lib/rules/filename-naming-convention.js
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@
  */
 'use strict';
 
+const { transformRuleWithGroupCapture } = require('../utils/transform');
 const { getFilename, getBasename, getFilePath } = require('../utils/filename');
 const {
   checkSettings,
-  namingPatternValidator,
+  fileNamingPatternValidator,
   globPatternValidator,
 } = require('../utils/settings');
 const { getDocUrl } = require('../utils/doc');
@@ -45,13 +46,16 @@ module.exports = {
   create(context) {
     return {
       Program: (node) => {
-        const rules = context.options[0];
+        const filenameWithPath = getFilePath(context);
+        const filename = getFilename(filenameWithPath);
+
+        const rules = context.options[0] || {};
         const { ignoreMiddleExtensions } = context.options[1] || {};
 
         const invalidPattern = checkSettings(
           rules,
           globPatternValidator,
-          namingPatternValidator
+          fileNamingPatternValidator
         );
 
         if (invalidPattern) {
@@ -66,29 +70,33 @@ module.exports = {
           return;
         }
 
-        const filenameWithPath = getFilePath(context);
-        const filename = getFilename(filenameWithPath);
+        for (const [
+          originalFexPattern,
+          originalNamingPattern,
+        ] of Object.entries(rules)) {
+          try {
+            const [fexPattern, namingPattern] = transformRuleWithGroupCapture(
+              [originalFexPattern, originalNamingPattern],
+              filenameWithPath
+            );
 
-        for (const [fexPattern, namingPattern] of Object.entries(rules)) {
-          const matchResult = matchRule(
-            filenameWithPath,
-            fexPattern,
-            getBasename(filename, ignoreMiddleExtensions),
-            namingPattern
-          );
+            const matchResult = matchRule(
+              filenameWithPath,
+              fexPattern,
+              getBasename(filename, ignoreMiddleExtensions),
+              namingPattern
+            );
 
-          if (matchResult) {
-            const { pattern } = matchResult;
+            if (matchResult) {
+              throw new Error(
+                `The filename "${filename}" does not match the "${originalNamingPattern}" style`
+              );
+            }
+          } catch (error) {
             context.report({
               node,
-              message:
-                'The filename "{{filename}}" does not match the "{{pattern}}" style',
-              data: {
-                filename,
-                pattern,
-              },
+              message: error.message,
             });
-            return;
           }
         }
       },
diff --git a/lib/utils/settings.js b/lib/utils/settings.js
index 34cab68..95e2c73 100644
--- a/lib/utils/settings.js
+++ b/lib/utils/settings.js
@@ -39,6 +39,16 @@ const namingPatternValidator = (namingPattern) => {
   return isGlob(namingPattern) || buildInPatterns.includes(namingPattern);
 };
 
+/**
+ * @returns {boolean} true if pattern is a valid naming pattern
+ * @param {string} namingPattern pattern string
+ */
+const fileNamingPatternValidator = (namingPattern) => {
+  return (
+    namingPatternValidator(namingPattern) || !!/^<\d+>$/.test(namingPattern)
+  );
+};
+
 /**
  * @returns {boolean} true if pattern is a valid glob pattern
  * @param {string} pattern pattern string
@@ -48,5 +58,6 @@ const globPatternValidator = isGlob;
 module.exports = {
   checkSettings,
   namingPatternValidator,
+  fileNamingPatternValidator,
   globPatternValidator,
 };
diff --git a/lib/utils/transform.js b/lib/utils/transform.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7e27f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/utils/transform.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+const micromatch = require('micromatch');
+
+/**
+ * Takes in a ruleset and transforms it if it contains capture groups
+ *
+ * @param {Array} ruleset ruleset
+ * @param {Array} ruleset.0 glob
+ * @param {Array} ruleset.1 rule to transform
+ * @param {string} filenameWithPath filename with path
+ * @returns {Array} [glob, rule]
+ */
+function transformRuleWithGroupCapture([glob, rule], filenameWithPath) {
+  const keyCaptureGroups = micromatch.capture(glob, filenameWithPath);
+
+  if (!keyCaptureGroups) {
+    return [glob, rule];
+  }
+
+  const valueCaptureGroupRegex = /<(\d+)>/g;
+  const valueCaptureGroups = [...rule.matchAll(valueCaptureGroupRegex)];
+
+  if (!valueCaptureGroups || !valueCaptureGroups.length) {
+    return [glob, rule];
+  }
+
+  const newRule = valueCaptureGroups.reduce((value, group) => {
+    const groupIndex = +group[1];
+    if (!keyCaptureGroups || keyCaptureGroups[groupIndex] === undefined) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `The capture group "${rule}" is not found in the glob "${glob}"`
+      );
+    }
+    return value.replace(group[0], keyCaptureGroups[+group[1]]);
+  }, rule);
+
+  return [glob, newRule];
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  transformRuleWithGroupCapture,
+};
diff --git a/tests/lib/rules/filename-naming-convention.posix.js b/tests/lib/rules/filename-naming-convention.posix.js
index f8323ca..1938c5c 100644
--- a/tests/lib/rules/filename-naming-convention.posix.js
+++ b/tests/lib/rules/filename-naming-convention.posix.js
@@ -1271,3 +1271,94 @@ ruleTester.run(
     ],
   }
 );
+
+ruleTester.run(
+  "filename-naming-convention with option: [{ '**/*/!(index).*': '<1>' }, { ignoreMiddleExtensions: true }]",
+  rule,
+  {
+    valid: [
+      {
+        code: "var foo = 'bar';",
+        filename: 'src/components/featureA/index.js',
+        options: [
+          { '**/*/!(index).*': '<1>' },
+          { ignoreMiddleExtensions: true },
+        ],
+      },
+      {
+        code: "var foo = 'bar';",
+        filename: 'src/components/featureA/featureA.jsx',
+        options: [
+          { '**/*/!(index).*': '<1>' },
+          { ignoreMiddleExtensions: true },
+        ],
+      },
+      {
+        code: "var foo = 'bar';",
+        filename: 'src/components/featureA/featureA.specs.js',
+        options: [
+          { '**/*/!(index).*': '<1>' },
+          { ignoreMiddleExtensions: true },
+        ],
+      },
+    ],
+
+    invalid: [
+      {
+        code: "var foo = 'bar';",
+        filename: 'src/components/featureA/featureB.jsx',
+        options: [
+          { '**/*/!(index).*': '<1>' },
+          { ignoreMiddleExtensions: true },
+        ],
+        errors: [
+          {
+            message:
+              'The filename "featureB.jsx" does not match the "<1>" style',
+            column: 1,
+            line: 1,
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+      {
+        code: "var foo = 'bar';",
+        filename: 'src/components/featureA/featureB.specs.js',
+        options: [
+          { '**/*/!(index).*': '<1>' },
+          { ignoreMiddleExtensions: true },
+        ],
+        errors: [
+          {
+            message:
+              'The filename "featureB.specs.js" does not match the "<1>" style',
+            column: 1,
+            line: 1,
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ],
+  }
+);
+
+ruleTester.run(
+  "filename-naming-convention with option: [{ '**/*/!(index).*': '<9>' }]",
+  rule,
+  {
+    valid: [],
+    invalid: [
+      {
+        code: "var foo = 'bar';",
+        filename: 'src/components/featureA/featureA.jsx',
+        options: [{ '**/*/!(index).*': '<9>' }],
+        errors: [
+          {
+            message:
+              'The capture group "<9>" is not found in the glob "**/*/!(index).*"',
+            column: 1,
+            line: 1,
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ],
+  }
+);
diff --git a/tests/lib/rules/filename-naming-convention.windows.js b/tests/lib/rules/filename-naming-convention.windows.js
index a64ba79..209fc93 100644
--- a/tests/lib/rules/filename-naming-convention.windows.js
+++ b/tests/lib/rules/filename-naming-convention.windows.js
@@ -828,3 +828,94 @@ ruleTester.run(
     ],
   }
 );
+
+ruleTester.run(
+  "filename-naming-convention with option: [{ '**/*/!(index).*': '<1>' }, { ignoreMiddleExtensions: true }]",
+  rule,
+  {
+    valid: [
+      {
+        code: "var foo = 'bar';",
+        filename: 'src\\components\\featureA\\index.js',
+        options: [
+          { '**/*/!(index).*': '<1>' },
+          { ignoreMiddleExtensions: true },
+        ],
+      },
+      {
+        code: "var foo = 'bar';",
+        filename: 'src\\components\\featureA\\featureA.jsx',
+        options: [
+          { '**/*/!(index).*': '<1>' },
+          { ignoreMiddleExtensions: true },
+        ],
+      },
+      {
+        code: "var foo = 'bar';",
+        filename: 'src\\components\\featureA\\featureA.specs.js',
+        options: [
+          { '**/*/!(index).*': '<1>' },
+          { ignoreMiddleExtensions: true },
+        ],
+      },
+    ],
+
+    invalid: [
+      {
+        code: "var foo = 'bar';",
+        filename: 'src\\components\\featureA\\featureB.jsx',
+        options: [
+          { '**/*/!(index).*': '<1>' },
+          { ignoreMiddleExtensions: true },
+        ],
+        errors: [
+          {
+            message:
+              'The filename "featureB.jsx" does not match the "<1>" style',
+            column: 1,
+            line: 1,
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+      {
+        code: "var foo = 'bar';",
+        filename: 'src\\components\\featureA\\featureB.specs.js',
+        options: [
+          { '**/*/!(index).*': '<1>' },
+          { ignoreMiddleExtensions: true },
+        ],
+        errors: [
+          {
+            message:
+              'The filename "featureB.specs.js" does not match the "<1>" style',
+            column: 1,
+            line: 1,
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ],
+  }
+);
+
+ruleTester.run(
+  "filename-naming-convention with option: [{ '**/*/!(index).*': '<9>' }]",
+  rule,
+  {
+    valid: [],
+    invalid: [
+      {
+        code: "var foo = 'bar';",
+        filename: 'src\\components\\featureA\\featureA.jsx',
+        options: [{ '**/*/!(index).*': '<9>' }],
+        errors: [
+          {
+            message:
+              'The capture group "<9>" is not found in the glob "**/*/!(index).*"',
+            column: 1,
+            line: 1,
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ],
+  }
+);