[BUG] v2.32.1 Anonymous volumes cause container to be re-created every time

[annervisser]

Description

Since docker compose version 2.32.1 (and presumably also 2.32.0), a container with an anonymous volume is re-created every time docker compose up is ran.
I believe the expected behaviour is to keep the container running if the configuration hasn't changed, like is the case with named volumes and bind mounts.

This issue is very similar to #12383, expect this is about anonymous volumes.

Without diving into the code, it seems likely this is a regression from #12363 which was partially fixed in #12386.

Steps To Reproduce

Anonymous volumes cause container to be re-created every time

With this docker-compose.yml:

services:
  app:
    image: busybox:1.37.0
    init: true
    command: ['tail', '-f', '/dev/null']
    volumes:
      - /my-anonymous-volume

Running docker compose up --detach will re-create the container every time

Named volumes and bind mounts work correctly

While using a named volume or a bind mount will correctly keep the container running if nothing has changed:

services:
  app:
    image: busybox:1.37.0
    init: true
    command: ['tail', '-f', '/dev/null']
    volumes:
      - named-volume:/anonymous-volume
      - ./bind-mount:/bind-mount

volumes:
  named-volume:

Running docker compose up --detach repeatedly will keep the container running

Compose Version

Docker Compose version v2.32.1

Docker Environment

Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:    27.4.1
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v0.19.3
    Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
  compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v2.32.1
    Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose

Server:
 Containers: 53
  Running: 36
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 17
 Images: 222
 Server Version: 27.4.1
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: extfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Using metacopy: false
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: local
 Cgroup Driver: systemd
 Cgroup Version: 2
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 88bf19b2105c8b17560993bee28a01ddc2f97182
 runc version: v1.2.2-0-g7cb3632
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  apparmor
  seccomp
   Profile: builtin
  cgroupns
 Kernel Version: 6.8.0-51-generic
 Operating System: Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 20
 Total Memory: 30.98GiB
 Name: scanb2023a393
 ID: 71c5505a-7743-40a9-ab77-43569de8143b
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false

Anything else?

No response