[BUG] exec command hijacks containers created with run

[examosa]

Description

When running a project using docker compose up and subsequently creating a one-off container using docker compose run <service>, running docker exec <service> will use the one-off container if a) it is newer than the managed container or b) the managed container is not running.

Steps To Reproduce

Using the following docker-compose.yaml:

services:
  bug:
    image: alpine
    command: "sleep infinity"

Run the following commands:

docker compose up --detach
docker compose run --detach bug yes
docker compose exec bug ps -ef
docker compose down
docker compose exec bug ps -ef

The output of both exec commands should show yes in the process list, indicating that it's running within the one-off container. I would expect it to either a) run in the managed container (sleep would be in the process list) or b) print service "bug" is not running and exit.

Compose Version

Docker Compose version v2.27.1-desktop.1

Docker Environment

Client:
 Version:    26.1.4
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v0.14.1-desktop.1
    Path:     /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
  compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v2.27.1-desktop.1
    Path:     /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
  debug: Get a shell into any image or container (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  0.0.32
    Path:     /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-debug
  dev: Docker Dev Environments (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v0.1.2
    Path:     /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-dev
  extension: Manages Docker extensions (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v0.2.24
    Path:     /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-extension
  feedback: Provide feedback, right in your terminal! (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v1.0.5
    Path:     /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-feedback
  init: Creates Docker-related starter files for your project (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v1.2.0
    Path:     /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-init
  sbom: View the packaged-based Software Bill Of Materials (SBOM) for an image (Anchore Inc.)
    Version:  0.6.0
    Path:     /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-sbom
  scout: Docker Scout (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v1.9.3
    Path:     /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-scout

Server:
 Containers: 14
  Running: 12
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 2
 Images: 12
 Server Version: 26.1.4
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: extfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Using metacopy: false
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Cgroup Version: 2
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: d2d58213f83a351ca8f528a95fbd145f5654e957
 runc version: v1.1.12-0-g51d5e94
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: unconfined
  cgroupns
 Kernel Version: 6.6.31-linuxkit
 Operating System: Docker Desktop
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: aarch64
 CPUs: 4
 Total Memory: 7.658GiB
 Name: docker-desktop
 ID: d3b97490-c8a4-4efb-8bf6-f1c01590a764
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 HTTP Proxy: http.docker.internal:3128
 HTTPS Proxy: http.docker.internal:3128
 No Proxy: hubproxy.docker.internal
 Labels:
  com.docker.desktop.address=unix://<redacted>/Library/Containers/com.docker.docker/Data/docker-cli.sock
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  hubproxy.docker.internal:5555
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false

Anything else?

Possibly related: #10359

[idsulik]

I'm not sure if it's a bug or not but I changed the logic so if we have both containers(non one-off and one-off), then choose the non one-off container.
#11995

[ndeloof]

Actually docker compose exec should not target one-off containers, this seems like a bug we introduced, maybe some user start to rely on so #11995 could be a reasonable workaround