Support open unions

[kubukoz]

Currently, we have a discrepancy between:

• Smithy's documentation stating that union shapes should be considered open, and
• Smithy4s's decision to prefer strict type safety and exhaustive pattern matching, as per Scala best practices.

We already support open enums, and the maintainers are in agreement that open unions should be supported in some way, as an opt-in mechanism.

The current thinking is that we should extend the alloy#jsonUnknown trait in Alloy to work on unions.

The desired semantics are as follows:

• A union member can be marked with jsonUnknown. This is what we call the catch-all case from now on.
  • only one member can be marked with the trait (structurallyExclusive should do the job here)
  • ❓ To be confirmed: only Document or any document shape?
• The deserialization process will wrap the entire document at the cursor in the catch-all case if it doesn't find a matching tag (in tagged unions), discriminator (in discriminated unions) or if neither member matches (in untagged unions)
• Serialization of the catch-all case will write the entire document back.
• This will be supported in JSON and Document (de)serialization only, as the trait s protocol-specific.

This would be a runtime-only change, meaning that codegen isn't going to be aware of the trait (only the interpreters/codecs would)

If I missed something, please let me know.