diff --git a/src/builtins/echo.c b/src/builtins/echo.c
index eae4c965..9adcadbf 100644
--- a/src/builtins/echo.c
+++ b/src/builtins/echo.c
@@ -6,38 +6,45 @@
 /*   By: dmdemirk <dmdemirk@student.42london.c      +#+  +:+       +#+        */
 /*                                                +#+#+#+#+#+   +#+           */
 /*   Created: 2024/06/03 16:31:33 by dmdemirk          #+#    #+#             */
-/*   Updated: 2024/08/28 14:20:26 by dmdemirk         ###   ########.fr       */
+/*   Updated: 2024/11/08 15:15:40 by dmdemirk         ###   ########.fr       */
 /*                                                                            */
 /* ************************************************************************** */
 
 #include "libft.h"
 #include "shell.h"
 #include "exit_status.h"
+#include "execute.h"
 
 /*
-	Functionality:
-		- Print the argument
-*/
+Functionality:
+- Print the argument
+ */
 
 int	builtin_echo(t_ms_data *data)
 {
-	int	newline;
-	int	i;
+	int		newline;
+	int		i;
+	char	**args;
 
 	newline = 1;
-	if (data->args[1] && (ft_strcmp(data->args[1], "-n") == 0))
+	i = 1;
+	args = data->args;
+	if (!data || !data->args || !data->args[0])
+		return (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	handle_std_io(&data->std_out, STDOUT_FILENO);
+	if (args[1] && ft_strcmp(args[1], "-n") == 0)
 	{
 		newline = 0;
-		data->args++;
+		i = 2;
 	}
-	i = 0;
-	while (data->args[++i])
+	while (args[i])
 	{
-		ft_putstr_fd(data->args[i], STDOUT_FILENO);
-		if (data->args[i + 1])
+		ft_putstr_fd(args[i], STDOUT_FILENO);
+		if (args[i + 1])
 			ft_putstr_fd(" ", STDOUT_FILENO);
+		i++;
 	}
 	if (newline)
-		write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\n", 1);
+		ft_putchar_fd('\n', STDOUT_FILENO);
 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
 }
diff --git a/src/redirection/redirect_append.c b/src/redirection/redirect_append.c
index 44ac1eab..febbf021 100644
--- a/src/redirection/redirect_append.c
+++ b/src/redirection/redirect_append.c
@@ -5,45 +5,58 @@
 /*                                                    +:+ +:+         +:+     */
 /*   By: dmdemirk <dmdemirk@student.42london.c      +#+  +:+       +#+        */
 /*                                                +#+#+#+#+#+   +#+           */
-/*   Created: 2024/07/11 14:32:11 by dmdemirk          #+#    #+#             */
-/*   Updated: 2024/07/11 14:54:19 by dmdemirk         ###   ########.fr       */
+/*   Created: 2024/11/08 15:13:15 by dmdemirk          #+#    #+#             */
+/*   Updated: 2024/11/08 15:13:40 by dmdemirk         ###   ########.fr       */
 /*                                                                            */
 /* ************************************************************************** */
 
-#include "shell.h"
 #include "tokens.h"
+#include "shell.h"
 #include "redirection.h"
 #include "execute.h"
+#include "pipe.h"
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 
-int	redirect_append(t_ast *node, t_ms_data *data);
+static int	open_and_redirect(t_ast *node, t_ms_data *data)
+{
+	int	fd;
 
-/**
-  - @brief redirect append ">>" to the end of the file output
-  - 
-  - @param node current node in the AST
-  - @param data minishell data structure
-  - @return status:
-  - 0: success
-  - 1: error
- */
+	if (data->std_out == -1)
+	{
+		data->std_out = open_file(node->right, ">>");
+		if (data->std_out == -1)
+			return (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		fd = open_file(node->right, ">>");
+		if (fd == -1)
+			return (EXIT_FAILURE);
+		dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
+		close(fd);
+	}
+	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
 
 int	redirect_append(t_ast *node, t_ms_data *data)
 {
 	pid_t	pid;
+	int		exec_status;
 	int		status;
 
 	pid = fork();
 	if (pid == -1)
-		return (1);
+		return (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	if (pid == 0)
 	{
-		data->std_out = open_file(node->right, ">>");
-		if (data->std_out == -1)
-			return (1);
-		execute_ast(node->left, data);
-		exit(0);
+		if (open_and_redirect(node, data) != 0)
+			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		exec_status = execute_ast(node->left, data);
+		exit(exec_status);
 	}
-	waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
+	if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1)
+		return (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	if (WIFSIGNALED(status))
+		return (128 + WTERMSIG(status));
 	return (WEXITSTATUS(status));
 }
diff --git a/src/redirection/redirect_in.c b/src/redirection/redirect_in.c
index 4f0d6502..7a0b51a6 100644
--- a/src/redirection/redirect_in.c
+++ b/src/redirection/redirect_in.c
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 /*   By: dmdemirk <dmdemirk@student.42london.c      +#+  +:+       +#+        */
 /*                                                +#+#+#+#+#+   +#+           */
 /*   Created: 2024/07/11 14:32:40 by dmdemirk          #+#    #+#             */
-/*   Updated: 2024/11/07 19:40:50 by dmdemirk         ###   ########.fr       */
+/*   Updated: 2024/11/08 13:14:21 by dmdemirk         ###   ########.fr       */
 /*                                                                            */
 /* ************************************************************************** */
 
@@ -19,44 +19,42 @@
 
 int	redirect_in(t_ast *node, t_ms_data *data);
 
-static int	handle_child_process(t_ast *node, t_ms_data *data)
+static int	setup_redirection(t_ast *node, int *original_stdin)
 {
-	int	local_fd;
-	int	status;
+	int	fd;
 
-	if (data->std_in == -1)
-	{
-		data->std_in = open_file(node->right, "<");
-		if (data->std_in == -1)
-			return (EXIT_FAILURE);
-	}
-	else
+	*original_stdin = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
+	if (*original_stdin == -1)
+		return (-1);
+	fd = open_file(node->right, "<");
+	if (fd == -1)
 	{
-		local_fd = open_file(node->right, "<");
-		if (local_fd == -1)
-			return (EXIT_FAILURE);
-		dup2(local_fd, STDIN_FILENO);
-		close(local_fd);
+		close(*original_stdin);
+		return (-1);
 	}
-	if (!node->left->args[0])
+	if (dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) == -1)
 	{
-		close(data->std_in);
-		exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+		close(fd);
+		close(*original_stdin);
+		return (-1);
 	}
-	status = execute_ast(node->left, data);
-	exit(status);
+	close(fd);
+	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
 }
 
 int	redirect_in(t_ast *node, t_ms_data *data)
 {
-	pid_t	pid;
-	int		status;
+	int	status;
+	int	original_stdin;
 
-	pid = fork();
-	if (pid == -1)
+	if (setup_redirection(node, &original_stdin) == -1)
 		return (EXIT_FAILURE);
-	if (pid == 0)
-		handle_child_process(node, data);
-	waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
-	return (WEXITSTATUS(status));
+	if (!node->left->args[0])
+		status = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+	else
+		status = execute_ast(node->left, data);
+	if (dup2(original_stdin, STDIN_FILENO) == -1)
+		status = EXIT_FAILURE;
+	close(original_stdin);
+	return (status);
 }