Numbers

Latency

Memory

Operation	Time	Note
L1 ref	`1ns`
L2 ref	`4ns`
RAM ref	`100ns`
SSD ref	`16us`	"Random read", eq. to HDD disk seek
HDD ref	`4ms`	Disk seek

Read 1MB Sequentially

From	Time
RAM	`20us`
SSD	`300us`
HDD	`2ms`

CPU

Operation	Time
Mutex lock	`17ns`
Compress 1KB	`2us`
Context switch	`5us`

Network

Operation	Time
Send 2KB over network	`1us`
Round-trip in DC	`500us`
Round-trip CA->AMS	`150ms`

Data Speeds

Operation	Speed
HDD read/write	`150 MB/s`
SSD read/write	`500 MB/s`
USB 2.0 HDD	`30 MB/s`
USB 3.0 SSD	`300 MB/s`

Time

Period	Seconds
1 hour	`3.6K`
1 day	`86K`
1 year	`30M`

Powers of 2

Power	Size	Kibi
2^3	8
2^4	16
2^5	32
2^6	64
2^7	128
2^8	256
2^9	512
2^10	1024	1 `KiB`
2^16	65,536
2^20	1,048,576	1 `MiB`
2^30	1,073,741,824	1 `GiB`
2^32	4,294,967,296
2^40	1.09 * 10^12	1 `TiB`
2^64	1.84 * 10^19