diff --git a/async-raft/src/core/client.rs b/async-raft/src/core/client.rs
index 25df09119..b1ddb8003 100644
--- a/async-raft/src/core/client.rs
+++ b/async-raft/src/core/client.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ use crate::replication::RaftEvent;
 use crate::AppData;
 use crate::AppDataResponse;
 use crate::LogId;
+use crate::MessageSummary;
 use crate::RaftNetwork;
 use crate::RaftStorage;
 
@@ -52,6 +54,12 @@ impl<D: AppData, R: AppDataResponse> ClientRequestEntry<D, R> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<D: AppData, R: AppDataResponse> MessageSummary for ClientRequestEntry<D, R> {
+    fn summary(&self) -> String {
+        format!("entry:{}", self.entry.summary())
+    }
+}
+
 /// An enum type wrapping either a client response channel or an internal Raft response channel.
 #[derive(derive_more::From)]
 pub enum ClientOrInternalResponseTx<D: AppData, R: AppDataResponse> {
@@ -232,7 +240,7 @@ impl<'a, D: AppData, R: AppDataResponse, N: RaftNetwork<D>, S: RaftStorage<D, R>
     }
 
     /// Handle client write requests.
-    #[tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip(self, rpc, tx))]
+    #[tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip(self, tx), fields(rpc=%rpc.summary()))]
     pub(super) async fn handle_client_write_request(
         &mut self,
         rpc: ClientWriteRequest<D>,
@@ -275,22 +283,35 @@ impl<'a, D: AppData, R: AppDataResponse, N: RaftNetwork<D>, S: RaftStorage<D, R>
     /// NOTE WELL: this routine does not wait for the request to actually finish replication, it
     /// merely beings the process. Once the request is committed to the cluster, its response will
     /// be generated asynchronously.
-    #[tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip(self, req))]
+    #[tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip(self, req), fields(req=%req.summary()))]
     pub(super) async fn replicate_client_request(&mut self, req: ClientRequestEntry<D, R>) {
         // Replicate the request if there are other cluster members. The client response will be
         // returned elsewhere after the entry has been committed to the cluster.
         let entry_arc = req.entry.clone();
 
-        if self.nodes.is_empty() && self.non_voters.is_empty() {
+        // TODO(xp): calculate nodes set that need to replicate to, when updating membership
+        // TODO(xp): Or add to-non-voter replication into self.nodes.
+
+        let all_members = self.core.membership.all_nodes();
+        let non_voter_ids = self.non_voters.keys().copied().collect::<BTreeSet<_>>();
+
+        let joint_non_voter_ids = all_members.intersection(&non_voter_ids).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        let nodes = self.nodes.keys().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        tracing::debug!(?nodes, ?joint_non_voter_ids, "replicate_client_request");
+
+        let await_quorum = !self.nodes.is_empty() || !joint_non_voter_ids.is_empty();
+
+        if await_quorum {
+            self.awaiting_committed.push(req);
+        } else {
             // Else, there are no voting nodes for replication, so the payload is now committed.
             self.core.commit_index = entry_arc.log_id.index;
+            tracing::debug!(self.core.commit_index, "update commit index, no need to replicate");
             self.leader_report_metrics();
             self.client_request_post_commit(req).await;
-            return;
         }
 
-        self.awaiting_committed.push(req);
-
         if !self.nodes.is_empty() {
             for node in self.nodes.values() {
                 let _ = node.replstream.repl_tx.send((
diff --git a/async-raft/tests/replication_1_voter_to_isolated_non_voter.rs b/async-raft/tests/replication_1_voter_to_isolated_non_voter.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d48507e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/async-raft/tests/replication_1_voter_to_isolated_non_voter.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+use async_raft::Config;
+use fixtures::RaftRouter;
+use maplit::btreeset;
+
+#[macro_use]
+mod fixtures;
+
+/// Test replication to non-voter that is not in membership should not block.
+///
+/// What does this test do?
+///
+/// - bring on a cluster of 1 voter and 1 non-voter.
+/// - isolate replication to node 1.
+/// - client write should not be blocked.
+///
+/// export RUST_LOG=async_raft,memstore,replication_1_voter_to_isolated_non_voter=trace
+/// cargo test -p async-raft --test replication_1_voter_to_isolated_non_voter
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
+async fn replication_1_voter_to_isolated_non_voter() -> Result<()> {
+    let (_log_guard, ut_span) = init_ut!();
+    let _ent = ut_span.enter();
+
+    let config = Arc::new(Config::build("test".into()).validate().expect("failed to build Raft config"));
+    let router = Arc::new(RaftRouter::new(config.clone()));
+
+    let mut n_logs = router.new_nodes_from_single(btreeset! {0}, btreeset! {1}).await?;
+
+    tracing::info!("--- stop replication to node 1");
+    {
+        router.isolate_node(1).await;
+
+        router.client_request_many(0, "0", (10 - n_logs) as usize).await;
+        n_logs = 10;
+
+        router.wait_for_log(&btreeset![0], n_logs, timeout(), "send log to trigger snapshot").await?;
+    }
+
+    tracing::info!("--- restore replication to node 1");
+    {
+        router.restore_node(1).await;
+
+        router.client_request_many(0, "0", (10 - n_logs) as usize).await;
+        n_logs = 10;
+
+        router.wait_for_log(&btreeset![0], n_logs, timeout(), "send log to trigger snapshot").await?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn timeout() -> Option<Duration> {
+    Some(Duration::from_millis(5000))
+}