diff --git a/python_jsonschema_objects/__init__.py b/python_jsonschema_objects/__init__.py
index 22ae969..a3a8cfc 100644
--- a/python_jsonschema_objects/__init__.py
+++ b/python_jsonschema_objects/__init__.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 import referencing.jsonschema
 import referencing.retrieval
 import referencing._core
-import six
 from referencing import Registry, Resource
 
 import python_jsonschema_objects.classbuilder as classbuilder
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ def __init__(
         resolver: Optional[referencing.typing.Retrieve] = None,
         specification_uri: Optional[str] = None,
     ):
-        if isinstance(schema_uri, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(schema_uri, str):
             uri = os.path.normpath(schema_uri)
             self.basedir = os.path.dirname(uri)
             with codecs.open(uri, "r", "utf-8") as fin:
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ def build_classes(
         """
         kw = {"strict": strict, "any_of": any_of}
         builder = classbuilder.ClassBuilder(self.resolver)
-        for nm, defn in six.iteritems(self.schema.get("definitions", {})):
+        for nm, defn in self.schema.get("definitions", {}).items():
             resolved = self.resolver.lookup("#/definitions/" + nm)
             uri = python_jsonschema_objects.util.resolve_ref_uri(
                 self.resolver._base_uri, "#/definitions/" + nm
@@ -229,19 +228,19 @@ def build_classes(
 
         if standardize_names:
             name_transform = lambda t: inflection.camelize(
-                inflection.parameterize(six.text_type(t), "_")
+                inflection.parameterize(str(t), "_")
             )
         else:
             name_transform = lambda t: t
 
         nm = self.schema["title"] if "title" in self.schema else self.schema["$id"]
-        nm = inflection.parameterize(six.text_type(nm), "_")
+        nm = inflection.parameterize(str(nm), "_")
 
         builder.construct(nm, self.schema, **kw)
         self._resolved = builder.resolved
 
         classes = {}
-        for uri, klass in six.iteritems(builder.resolved):
+        for uri, klass in builder.resolved.items():
             title = getattr(klass, "__title__", None)
             if title is not None:
                 classes[name_transform(title)] = klass
diff --git a/python_jsonschema_objects/classbuilder.py b/python_jsonschema_objects/classbuilder.py
index d8b9a4a..bb01230 100644
--- a/python_jsonschema_objects/classbuilder.py
+++ b/python_jsonschema_objects/classbuilder.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 import jsonschema.exceptions
 import referencing._core
-import six
 
 from python_jsonschema_objects import (
     pattern_properties,
@@ -81,26 +80,26 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
         return self.as_dict() == other.as_dict()
 
     def __str__(self):
-        inverter = dict((v, k) for k, v in six.iteritems(self.__prop_names__))
+        inverter = dict((v, k) for k, v in self.__prop_names__.items())
         props = sorted(
             [
                 "%s" % (inverter.get(k, k),)
                 for k, v in itertools.chain(
-                    six.iteritems(self._properties),
-                    six.iteritems(self._extended_properties),
+                    self._properties.items(),
+                    self._extended_properties.items(),
                 )
             ]
         )
         return "<%s attributes: %s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, ", ".join(props))
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        inverter = dict((v, k) for k, v in six.iteritems(self.__prop_names__))
+        inverter = dict((v, k) for k, v in self.__prop_names__.items())
         props = sorted(
             [
                 "%s=%s" % (inverter.get(k, k), repr(v))
                 for k, v in itertools.chain(
-                    six.iteritems(self._properties),
-                    six.iteritems(self._extended_properties),
+                    self._properties.items(),
+                    self._extended_properties.items(),
                 )
             ]
         )
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ def __init__(self, **props):
         self._properties = dict(
             zip(
                 self.__prop_names__.values(),
-                [None for x in six.moves.xrange(len(self.__prop_names__))],
+                [None for x in range(len(self.__prop_names__))],
             )
         )
 
@@ -216,16 +215,13 @@ def __init__(self, **props):
             except validators.ValidationError as e:
                 import sys
 
-                raise six.reraise(
-                    type(e),
-                    type(e)(
-                        str(e)
-                        + " \nwhile setting '{0}' in {1}".format(
-                            prop, self.__class__.__name__
-                        )
-                    ),
-                    sys.exc_info()[2],
+                e = type(e)(
+                    str(e)
+                    + " \nwhile setting '{0}' in {1}".format(
+                        prop, self.__class__.__name__
+                    )
                 )
+                raise e.with_traceback(sys.exc_info()[2])
 
         if getattr(self, "__strict__", None):
             self.validate()
@@ -258,7 +254,7 @@ def __iter__(self):
         import itertools
 
         return itertools.chain(
-            six.iterkeys(self._extended_properties), six.iterkeys(self._properties)
+            self._extended_properties.keys(), self._properties.keys()
         )
 
     def __len__(self):
@@ -330,7 +326,7 @@ def validate(self):
                 )
             )
 
-        for prop, val in six.iteritems(self._properties):
+        for prop, val in self._properties.items():
             if val is None:
                 continue
             if isinstance(val, ProtocolBase):
@@ -593,7 +589,7 @@ def _construct(self, uri, clsdata, parent=(ProtocolBase,), **kw):
         elif isinstance(clsdata.get("type"), list):
             types = []
             for i, item_detail in enumerate(clsdata["type"]):
-                subdata = {k: v for k, v in six.iteritems(clsdata) if k != "type"}
+                subdata = {k: v for k, v in clsdata.items() if k != "type"}
                 subdata["type"] = item_detail
                 types.append(self._build_literal(uri + "_%s" % i, subdata))
 
@@ -642,13 +638,15 @@ def _build_literal(self, nm, clsdata):
                     # This weird value on the next line is a sentinel value, because we can't use the standard `get(
                     # "key", None) is not None` motif because sometimes the value is None. If someone has an actual
                     # value like this (which I generated by having my cat walk on my keyboard), they're out of luck.
-                    "__default__": clsdata["default"]
-                    if clsdata.get(
-                        "default",
-                        "asldkfn24olkjalskdfn e;laishd;1loj;flkansd;iow;naosdinfe;lkamjsdfj",
-                    )
-                    is not "asldkfn24olkjalskdfn e;laishd;1loj;flkansd;iow;naosdinfe;lkamjsdfj"
-                    else clsdata.get("const"),
+                    "__default__": (
+                        clsdata["default"]
+                        if clsdata.get(
+                            "default",
+                            "asldkfn24olkjalskdfn e;laishd;1loj;flkansd;iow;naosdinfe;lkamjsdfj",
+                        )
+                        is not "asldkfn24olkjalskdfn e;laishd;1loj;flkansd;iow;naosdinfe;lkamjsdfj"
+                        else clsdata.get("const")
+                    ),
                 }
             },
         )
@@ -824,9 +822,11 @@ def _build_object(self, nm, clsdata, parents, **kw):
 
     def construct_objects(self, oneOfList, uri):
         return [
-            self.construct(uri + "_%s" % i, item_detail)
-            if "$ref" not in item_detail
-            else self.resolve_type(item_detail["$ref"], uri + "_%s" % i)
+            (
+                self.construct(uri + "_%s" % i, item_detail)
+                if "$ref" not in item_detail
+                else self.resolve_type(item_detail["$ref"], uri + "_%s" % i)
+            )
             for i, item_detail in enumerate(oneOfList)
         ]
 
diff --git a/python_jsonschema_objects/descriptors.py b/python_jsonschema_objects/descriptors.py
index e3ce35b..596dda9 100644
--- a/python_jsonschema_objects/descriptors.py
+++ b/python_jsonschema_objects/descriptors.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def __set__(self, obj, val):
                 elif util.safe_issubclass(typ, ProtocolBase):
                     # Force conversion- thus the val rather than validator assignment.
                     try:
-                        val = typ(**util.coerce_for_expansion(val))
+                        val = typ(**val)
                         val.validate()
                     except Exception as e:
                         errors.append("Failed to coerce to '{0}': {1}".format(typ, e))
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ def __set__(self, obj, val):
                     try:
                         # Handle keyword expansion according to expected types. Using
                         # keywords like oneOf, value can be an object, array or literal.
-                        val = util.coerce_for_expansion(val)
                         if isinstance(val, dict):
                             val = typ(**val)
                         else:
@@ -120,12 +119,11 @@ def __set__(self, obj, val):
 
         elif util.safe_issubclass(info["type"], ProtocolBase):
             if not isinstance(val, info["type"]):
-                val = info["type"](**util.coerce_for_expansion(val))
+                val = info["type"](**val)
 
             val.validate()
 
         elif isinstance(info["type"], TypeProxy):
-            val = util.coerce_for_expansion(val)
             if isinstance(val, dict):
                 val = info["type"](**val)
             else:
diff --git a/python_jsonschema_objects/literals.py b/python_jsonschema_objects/literals.py
index d31657d..8ccc079 100644
--- a/python_jsonschema_objects/literals.py
+++ b/python_jsonschema_objects/literals.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import functools
 import operator
 
-import six
 
 from python_jsonschema_objects import util, validators
 
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
         return "<Literal<%s> %s>" % (self._value.__class__.__name__, str(self._value))
 
     def __str__(self):
-        if isinstance(self._value, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(self._value, str):
             return self._value
         return str(self._value)
 
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ def validate(self):
         # TODO: this duplicates logic in validators.ArrayValidator.check_items;
         # unify it.
         for param, paramval in sorted(
-            six.iteritems(info), key=lambda x: x[0].lower() != "type"
+            info.items(), key=lambda x: x[0].lower() != "type"
         ):
             validator = validators.registry(param)
             if validator is not None:
diff --git a/python_jsonschema_objects/pattern_properties.py b/python_jsonschema_objects/pattern_properties.py
index ed58816..a2a928c 100644
--- a/python_jsonschema_objects/pattern_properties.py
+++ b/python_jsonschema_objects/pattern_properties.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 import logging
 import re
 
-import six
 
 from python_jsonschema_objects import util, validators, wrapper_types
 from python_jsonschema_objects.literals import MakeLiteral
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ def __init__(self, name, schemadef, builder):
 
             self._additional_type = typ
 
-        for pattern, typedef in six.iteritems(schemadef.get("patternProperties", {})):
+        for pattern, typedef in schemadef.get("patternProperties", {}).items():
             if "$ref" in typedef:
                 typ = builder.resolve_type(typedef["$ref"], name)
             else:
@@ -61,13 +60,12 @@ def _make_type(self, typ, val):
             return typ(val)
 
         if util.safe_issubclass(typ, cb.ProtocolBase):
-            return typ(**util.coerce_for_expansion(val))
+            return typ(**val)
 
         if util.safe_issubclass(typ, wrapper_types.ArrayWrapper):
             return typ(val)
 
         if isinstance(typ, cb.TypeProxy):
-            val = util.coerce_for_expansion(val)
             if isinstance(val, dict):
                 val = typ(**val)
             else:
diff --git a/python_jsonschema_objects/util.py b/python_jsonschema_objects/util.py
index 94eb7a6..1b67fc1 100644
--- a/python_jsonschema_objects/util.py
+++ b/python_jsonschema_objects/util.py
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 import json
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 
-import six
-
 
 class lazy_format(object):
     __slots__ = ("fmt", "args", "kwargs")
@@ -36,18 +34,6 @@ def safe_issubclass(x, y):
         return False
 
 
-def coerce_for_expansion(mapping):
-    """Given a value, make sure it is usable for f(**val) expansion.
-
-    In py2.7, the value must be a dictionary- thus a as_dict() method
-    will be invoked if available.  In py3k, the raw mapping is returned
-    unmodified.
-    """
-    if six.PY2 and hasattr(mapping, "as_dict"):
-        return mapping.as_dict()
-    return mapping
-
-
 class ProtocolJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
     def default(self, obj):
         from python_jsonschema_objects import classbuilder, wrapper_types
@@ -69,13 +55,13 @@ def propmerge(into, data_from):
     """Merge JSON schema requirements into a dictionary"""
     newprops = copy.deepcopy(into)
 
-    for prop, propval in six.iteritems(data_from):
+    for prop, propval in data_from.items():
         if prop not in newprops:
             newprops[prop] = propval
             continue
 
         new_sp = newprops[prop]
-        for subprop, spval in six.iteritems(propval):
+        for subprop, spval in propval.items():
             if subprop not in new_sp:
                 new_sp[subprop] = spval
 
diff --git a/python_jsonschema_objects/validators.py b/python_jsonschema_objects/validators.py
index b2921a2..3f5ddd5 100644
--- a/python_jsonschema_objects/validators.py
+++ b/python_jsonschema_objects/validators.py
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 import decimal
 import logging
+import numbers
 
-import six
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 SCHEMA_TYPE_MAPPING = (
     ("array", list),
     ("boolean", bool),
-    ("integer", six.integer_types),
-    ("number", six.integer_types + (float,)),
+    ("integer", int),
+    ("number", numbers.Real),
     ("null", type(None)),
-    ("string", six.string_types),
+    ("string", str),
     ("object", dict),
 )
 """Sequence of schema type mappings to be checked in precedence order."""
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ def check_integer_type(param, value, _):
 
 @type_registry.register(name="number")
 def check_number_type(param, value, _):
-    if not isinstance(value, six.integer_types + (float,)) or isinstance(value, bool):
+    if not isinstance(value, numbers.Real):
         raise ValidationError("{0} is neither an integer nor a float".format(value))
 
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def check_null_type(param, value, _):
 
 @type_registry.register(name="string")
 def check_string_type(param, value, _):
-    if not isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
         raise ValidationError("{0} is not a string".format(value))
 
 
diff --git a/python_jsonschema_objects/wrapper_types.py b/python_jsonschema_objects/wrapper_types.py
index e8e8c8e..59f5cb9 100644
--- a/python_jsonschema_objects/wrapper_types.py
+++ b/python_jsonschema_objects/wrapper_types.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import collections
 import logging
 
-import six
 
 from python_jsonschema_objects import util
 from python_jsonschema_objects.util import lazy_format as fmt
@@ -174,7 +173,7 @@ def validate_items(self):
         typed_elems = []
         for elem, typ in zip(self.data, type_checks):
             if isinstance(typ, dict):
-                for param, paramval in six.iteritems(typ):
+                for param, paramval in typ.items():
                     validator = registry(param)
                     if validator is not None:
                         validator(paramval, elem, typ)
@@ -187,12 +186,10 @@ def validate_items(self):
             elif util.safe_issubclass(typ, classbuilder.ProtocolBase):
                 if not isinstance(elem, typ):
                     try:
-                        if isinstance(
-                            elem, (six.string_types, six.integer_types, float)
-                        ):
+                        if isinstance(elem, (str, int, float)):
                             val = typ(elem)
                         else:
-                            val = typ(**util.coerce_for_expansion(elem))
+                            val = typ(**elem)
                     except TypeError as e:
                         raise ValidationError(
                             "'{0}' is not a valid value for '{1}': {2}".format(
@@ -211,12 +208,12 @@ def validate_items(self):
 
             elif isinstance(typ, (classbuilder.TypeProxy, classbuilder.TypeRef)):
                 try:
-                    if isinstance(elem, (six.string_types, six.integer_types, float)):
+                    if isinstance(elem, (str, int, float)):
                         val = typ(elem)
                     elif isinstance(elem, classbuilder.LiteralValue):
                         val = typ(elem._value)
                     else:
-                        val = typ(**util.coerce_for_expansion(elem))
+                        val = typ(**elem)
                 except TypeError as e:
                     raise ValidationError(
                         "'{0}' is not a valid value for '{1}': {2}".format(elem, typ, e)
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 35e2313..90864a6 100755
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
             "inflection>=0.2",
             "Markdown>=2.4",
             "jsonschema>=4.18",
-            "six>=1.5.2",
         ],
         python_requires=">=3.8",
         cmdclass=versioneer.get_cmdclass(),
diff --git a/test/test_pytest.py b/test/test_pytest.py
index 76e203d..197166d 100644
--- a/test/test_pytest.py
+++ b/test/test_pytest.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 import jsonschema
 import pytest
-import six
 
 import python_jsonschema_objects as pjs
 
@@ -216,7 +215,7 @@ def test_object_builder_loads_memory_references(markdown_examples):
 
 
 def test_object_builder_reads_all_definitions(markdown_examples):
-    for nm, ex in six.iteritems(markdown_examples):
+    for nm, ex in markdown_examples.items():
         builder = pjs.ObjectBuilder(ex, resolved=markdown_examples)
         assert builder