diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 3083e4cd1..09e5605ec 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -308,8 +308,42 @@ jobs:
           LATEST: ${{ needs.check.outputs.is-latest || 'false' }}
         shell: bash
 
+  # we should always have an artifact from a previous build.
+  remote:
+    needs: [shellcheck, test, check]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.actor == 'bors[bot]'
+    env:
+      TARGET: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-rust
+      - run: ./ci/remote.sh
+
+  bisect:
+    needs: [shellcheck, test, check]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.actor == 'bors[bot]'
+    env:
+      TARGET: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-rust
+      - run: ./ci/bisect.sh
+
+  docker-in-docker:
+    needs: [shellcheck, test, check]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.actor == 'bors[bot]'
+    env:
+      TARGET: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-rust
+      - run: ./ci/docker-in-docker.sh
+
   publish:
-    needs: [build, check]
+    needs: [build, check, fmt, clippy, cargo-deny, remote, bisect]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
diff --git a/ci/bisect.sh b/ci/bisect.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5a41e18e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/bisect.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# shellcheck disable=SC1091,SC1090
+
+# test to see that custom toolchains work
+
+set -x
+set -eo pipefail
+
+if [[ -z "${TARGET}" ]]; then
+    export TARGET="aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu"
+fi
+
+source=$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")
+. "${source}"/shared.sh
+
+main() {
+    local td=
+    local err=
+
+    retry cargo fetch
+    cargo install --force --path .
+    cargo install cargo-bisect-rustc
+
+    td="$(mktemp -d)"
+    git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/cross-rs/rust-cpp-hello-word "${td}"
+
+    pushd "${td}"
+    retry cargo fetch
+    echo '#!/usr/bin/env bash
+export CROSS_CUSTOM_TOOLCHAIN=1
+exec cross run --target '"${TARGET}" > bisect.sh
+    chmod +x bisect.sh
+
+    if ! err=$(cargo bisect-rustc --script=./bisect.sh --target "${TARGET}" 2>&1 >/dev/null); then
+        if [[ "${err}" != *"does not reproduce the regression"* ]]; then
+            echo "${err}"
+            exit 1
+        fi
+    else
+        echo "should have failed, instead succeeded" 1>&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    popd
+
+    rm -rf "${td}"
+}
+
+main
diff --git a/ci/docker-in-docker.sh b/ci/docker-in-docker.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ed91bab9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/docker-in-docker.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# test to see that running docker-in-docker works
+
+set -x
+set -eo pipefail
+
+if [[ -z "${TARGET}" ]]; then
+    export TARGET="aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu"
+fi
+
+source=$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")
+source=$(realpath "${source}")
+home=$(dirname "${source}")
+
+main() {
+    docker run -v "${home}":/project \
+        -w /project --rm -e TARGET \
+        -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
+        docker:18.09-dind sh -c '
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+apk add curl
+curl --proto "=https" --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y
+source $HOME/.cargo/env
+
+# building on release is slow
+apk add libgcc gcc musl-dev
+cargo install --path . --force --debug
+
+apk add git
+td="$(mktemp -d)"
+git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/cross-rs/rust-cpp-hello-word "${td}"
+cd "${td}"
+
+CROSS_CONTAINER_IN_CONTAINER=1 cross run --target "${TARGET}"
+'
+}
+
+main
diff --git a/ci/remote.sh b/ci/remote.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1f219c5f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/remote.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# shellcheck disable=SC1091,SC1090
+
+# test to see that remote docker support works.
+
+set -x
+set -eo pipefail
+
+export CROSS_REMOTE=1
+if [[ -z "${TARGET}" ]]; then
+    export TARGET="aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu"
+fi
+
+source=$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")
+. "${source}"/shared.sh
+
+main() {
+    local err=
+
+    retry cargo fetch
+    cargo install --force --path .
+
+    # if the create volume fails, ensure it exists.
+    if ! err=$(cross-util volumes create 2>&1 >/dev/null); then
+        if [[ "${err}" != *"already exists"* ]]; then
+            echo "${err}"
+            exit 1
+        fi
+    fi
+    cross_test_cpp
+    cross-util volumes remove
+
+    # ensure the data volume was removed.
+    cross_test_cpp
+}
+
+cross_test_cpp() {
+    local td=
+    td="$(mktemp -d)"
+
+    git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/cross-rs/rust-cpp-hello-word "${td}"
+
+    pushd "${td}"
+    retry cargo fetch
+    cross run --target "${TARGET}"
+    popd
+
+    rm -rf "${td}"
+}
+
+main
diff --git a/ci/shared.sh b/ci/shared.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..457861dd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/shared.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+function retry {
+  local tries="${TRIES-5}"
+  local timeout="${TIMEOUT-1}"
+  local try=0
+  local exit_code=0
+
+  while (( try < tries )); do
+    if "${@}"; then
+      return 0
+    else
+      exit_code=$?
+    fi
+
+    sleep "${timeout}"
+    echo "Retrying ..." 1>&2
+    try=$(( try + 1 ))
+    timeout=$(( timeout * 2 ))
+  done
+
+  return ${exit_code}
+}
diff --git a/ci/test.sh b/ci/test.sh
index d47a52ab9..dba48964c 100755
--- a/ci/test.sh
+++ b/ci/test.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# shellcheck disable=SC2086
+# shellcheck disable=SC2086,SC1091,SC1090
 
 set -x
 set -euo pipefail
@@ -8,27 +8,8 @@ set -euo pipefail
 # installed version on macOS. likewise, "${var[@]}" is an unbound
 # error if var is an empty array.
 
-function retry {
-  local tries="${TRIES-5}"
-  local timeout="${TIMEOUT-1}"
-  local try=0
-  local exit_code=0
-
-  while (( try < tries )); do
-    if "${@}"; then
-      return 0
-    else
-      exit_code=$?
-    fi
-
-    sleep "${timeout}"
-    echo "Retrying ..." 1>&2
-    try=$(( try + 1 ))
-    timeout=$(( timeout * 2 ))
-  done
-
-  return ${exit_code}
-}
+source=$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")
+. "${source}"/shared.sh
 
 workspace_test() {
   "${CROSS[@]}" build --target "${TARGET}" --workspace "$@" ${CROSS_FLAGS}
diff --git a/src/bin/commands/containers.rs b/src/bin/commands/containers.rs
index fc0582e68..7575f597f 100644
--- a/src/bin/commands/containers.rs
+++ b/src/bin/commands/containers.rs
@@ -109,9 +109,6 @@ impl CreateVolume {
 
 #[derive(Args, Debug)]
 pub struct RemoveVolume {
-    /// Triple for the target platform.
-    #[clap(long)]
-    pub target: String,
     /// If cross is running inside a container.
     #[clap(short, long)]
     pub docker_in_docker: bool,
@@ -473,7 +470,6 @@ pub fn create_persistent_volume(
 
 pub fn remove_persistent_volume(
     RemoveVolume {
-        target,
         docker_in_docker,
         verbose,
         quiet,
@@ -483,9 +479,11 @@ pub fn remove_persistent_volume(
     engine: &docker::Engine,
     channel: Option<&str>,
 ) -> cross::Result<()> {
+    // we only need a triple that needs docker: the actual target doesn't matter.
     let msg_info = MessageInfo::create(verbose, quiet, color.as_deref())?;
+    let triple = cross::Host::X86_64UnknownLinuxGnu.triple();
     let (_, _, dirs) =
-        docker::get_package_info(engine, &target, channel, docker_in_docker, msg_info)?;
+        docker::get_package_info(engine, triple, channel, docker_in_docker, msg_info)?;
     let volume = docker::remote::unique_toolchain_identifier(&dirs.sysroot)?;
 
     if !docker::remote::volume_exists(engine, &volume, msg_info)? {