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Progress.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="" xml:lang="">
<head>
<title>Economic burden of mental disorders:</title>
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class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide
# Economic burden of mental disorders:
## a systematic review <br>
### <br>2019/09/3 <br><br> <img src="figs/NBPlogo.jpg" height="100px" width="100px" /> <img src="figs/QCMHRlogo.jpg" height="100px" width="100px" /> <img src="figs/QBIlogo.png" height="100px" width="190px" />
---
# Notion
<br>
<img src="figs/project_status.png" width="76%" height="80%" />
Link to Notion available [here.](https://www.notion.so/srburden/Weekly-Plan-2-9-c87d6daae2ca44019cc33e7b9a6eb6e0)
---
# Review question
<br>
- To identify COI studies for mental disorders and to explore the distribution of costs between disorders.
- Included studies will be assessed for methodology, period of study, geographical locations, subgroups and study quality.
- The results of the review will not be suitable for pooling via meta-analytic techniques, we will explore methods to display the data graphically.
---
# Study Protocol
<img src="figs/prospero.png" width="80%" height="110%" />
Link to the study protocol available [here.](https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=127783)
---
# Inclusion criteria
<br>
- COI studies focusing on mental disorders.
- Study must be from a societal or health care perspective.
- Study must report estimates on a national or subnational level in monetary terms with standard errors or other related metrics for uncertainty.
- Studies must report the different costs categories and data sources used.
- Studies between 1980 till 2019.
---
# Exclusion criteria
<br>
- abstract, commentary, letter to the editor
- not original data (i.e. review, systematic reviews and editorials)
- no published diagnostic criteria
- population not representative
- no cost quoted in the results section
- PDF could not be located
---
# Dataset
<br>
<div id="htmlwidget-96651de9dfddadd3403b" style="width:100%;height:auto;" class="datatables html-widget"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-96651de9dfddadd3403b">{"x":{"filter":"none","fillContainer":false,"data":[["Andrews et al","Neil et al","Wancata et al","Bell et al","Bereza et al","Sarlon et al","Bock et al","Bode et al","Brecht et al","Wagner et al","Opoku-Boateng et al","Bourke et al","Okumura and Higuchi","Sado et al","Olesen et al","Patel et al","Bon et al","Bendeck et al","Oliva-Moreno et al","Quintero et al","Rovira et al","Salvador-Carulla et al","Vazquez-Polo et al","Osby et al","Sandelin et al","Watson et al","Bosmans et al","Balakrishnan et al","Young et al","Rice and Miller ","Samnaliev et al"],[1985,2014,2007,2004,2012,2012,2016,2017,1996,2016,2017,2018,2011,2013,2012,2002,2013,2013,2006,2018,2012,2014,2005,2009,2013,2018,2010,2009,2011,1995,2015],["The economic costs of schizophrenia: Implications for public policy","Costs of psychosis in 2010: findings from the second Australian National Survey of Psychosis","Cost of disorders of the brain in Austria in the year 2004","Burden of dysthymia and comorbid illness in adults in a Canadian primary care setting: high rates of psychiatric illness in the offspring","A Markov Model Approach Assessing the Cost of Illness of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Canada","A prospective study of health care resource utilisation and selected costs of schizophrenia in France","Excess health care costs of late-life depression - Results of the AgeMooDe study","Health care costs of borderline personality disorder and matched controls with major depressive disorder: a comparative study based on anonymized claims data","Alcoholism - The cost of illness in the Federal Republic of Germany","Depression-related treatment and costs in Germany: Do they change with comorbidity? A claims data analysis","Economic cost and quality of life of family caregivers of schizophrenic patients attending psychiatric hospitals in Ghana","Borderline personality disorder: resource utilisation costs in Ireland","Cost of depression among adults in Japan","The cost of schizophrenia in Japan","The economic cost of brain disorders in Europe","The economic consequences of social phobia","Cost of disorders of the brain in slovenia in 2010","An integrative cross-design synthesis approach to estimate the cost of illness: An applied case to the cost of depression in Catalonia","The costs of schizophrenia in Spain","Health care and societal costs of the management of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Spain: a descriptive analysis","The cost of generalized anxiety disorder in primary care settings: Results of the ANCORA study","Cost of borderline personality disorder in Catalonia (Spain)","An analysis of the costs of treating schizophrenia in Spain: A hierarchical Bayesian approach","Psychiatric admissions and hospitalization costs in bipolar disorder in Sweden","Treatment patterns and costs in patients with generalised anxiety disorder: One-year retrospective analysis of data from national registers in Sweden","A register-based case-control study of health care utilization and costs in binge-eating disorder","Health care costs of depression in primary care patients in The Netherlands","The burden of alcohol-related ill health in the United Kingdom","Annual cost of managing bipolar disorder to the UK healthcare system","THE ECONOMIC BURDEN OF AFFECTIVE-DISORDERS","The economic burden of eating disorders and related mental health comorbidities: An exploratory analysis using the U.S. Medical Expenditures Panel Survey"],["Australia","Australia","Austria","Canada","Canada","France","Germany","Germany","Germany","Germany","Ghana","Ireland","Japan","Japan","Multiple","Multiple","Slovenia","Spain","Spain","Spain","Spain","Spain","Spain","Sweden","Sweden","Sweden","The Netherlands","UK","UK","US","US"],["Schizophrenia","Psychosis","Multiple disorders","Dysthymia","GAD","Schizophrenia","Depression","Borderline personality disorder","Alcohol use disorder","Depression","Schizophrenia","Borderline personality disorder","Depression","Schizophrenia","Multiple disorders","Social phobia","Multiple disorders","Depression","Schizophrenia","ADHD","GAD","Borderline personality disorder","Schizophrenia","Bipolar disorder","GAD","Binge eating disorder","Depression","Alcohol use disorder","Bipolar disorder","Mood disorder","Eating disorder"]],"container":"<table class=\"display\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>Author<\/th>\n <th>Year<\/th>\n <th>Title<\/th>\n <th>Country<\/th>\n <th>Disorder<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n<\/table>","options":{"pageLength":3,"columnDefs":[{"className":"dt-right","targets":1}],"order":[],"autoWidth":false,"orderClasses":false,"lengthMenu":[3,10,25,50,100]}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
---
# Number of studies from each database
<br>
<br>
<div id="htmlwidget-d425bf2b2d53879864ab" style="width:100%;height:55%;" class="plotly html-widget"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-d425bf2b2d53879864ab">{"x":{"data":[{"orientation":"h","width":[0.9,0.9,0.9,0.9,0.9,0.9],"base":[0,0,0,0,0,0],"x":[11201,2807,2610,2196,6,0],"y":[1,2,3,4,5,6],"text":["No of hits = 11201<br />","No of hits = 2807<br />","No of hits = 2610<br />","No of hits = 2196<br />","No of hits = 6<br />","No of hits = 0<br />"],"type":"bar","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(89,89,89,1)","line":{"width":1.88976377952756,"color":"transparent"}},"showlegend":false,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null}],"layout":{"margin":{"t":23.3059360730594,"r":7.30593607305936,"b":37.2602739726027,"l":107.397260273973},"plot_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","paper_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.6118721461187},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[-560.05,11761.05],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["0","3000","6000","9000"],"tickvals":[0,3000,6000,9000],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["0","3000","6000","9000"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.65296803652968,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.689497716895},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(235,235,235,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"y","title":{"text":" ","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.6118721461187}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[0.4,6.6],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["Pubmed","PsychInfo","Web of Science","Embase","NHS York","EconLIT"],"tickvals":[1,2,3,4,5,6],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["Pubmed","PsychInfo","Web of Science","Embase","NHS York","EconLIT"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.65296803652968,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.689497716895},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(235,235,235,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"x","title":{"text":" ","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.6118721461187}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[{"type":"rect","fillcolor":"transparent","line":{"color":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","width":0.66417600664176,"linetype":"solid"},"yref":"paper","xref":"paper","x0":0,"x1":1,"y0":0,"y1":1}],"showlegend":false,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.88976377952756,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.689497716895}},"hovermode":"closest","barmode":"relative"},"config":{"doubleClick":"reset","showSendToCloud":false},"source":"A","attrs":{"3c416b6c8eaf":{"x":{},"y":{},"type":"bar"}},"cur_data":"3c416b6c8eaf","visdat":{"3c416b6c8eaf":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.2,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
---
# Reasons for exclusion
<br>
<br>
<div id="htmlwidget-9ebfcdcdb71f06a07d84" style="width:100%;height:60%;" class="plotly html-widget"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-9ebfcdcdb71f06a07d84">{"x":{"data":[{"orientation":"h","width":[0.9,0.9,0.9,0.9,0.9,0.9,0.9,0.899999999999999],"base":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"x":[112,69,48,16,10,5,4,4],"y":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8],"text":["No = 112<br />","No = 69<br />","No = 48<br />","No = 16<br />","No = 10<br />","No = 5<br />","No = 4<br />","No = 4<br />"],"type":"bar","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":"rgba(89,89,89,1)","line":{"width":1.88976377952756,"color":"transparent"}},"showlegend":false,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null}],"layout":{"margin":{"t":23.3059360730594,"r":7.30593607305936,"b":37.2602739726027,"l":212.602739726027},"plot_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","paper_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.6118721461187},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[-5.6,117.6],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["0","30","60","90"],"tickvals":[0,30,60,90],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["0","30","60","90"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.65296803652968,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.689497716895},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(235,235,235,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"y","title":{"text":" ","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.6118721461187}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[0.4,8.6],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["Abstract","No diagnostic criteria","Not representative","Not original data","Not COI study","No monetary unit","Data not suitable for extraction","Disorder not of interest"],"tickvals":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["Abstract","No diagnostic criteria","Not representative","Not original data","Not COI study","No monetary unit","Data not suitable for extraction","Disorder not of interest"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.65296803652968,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.689497716895},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(235,235,235,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"x","title":{"text":" ","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.6118721461187}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[{"type":"rect","fillcolor":"transparent","line":{"color":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","width":0.66417600664176,"linetype":"solid"},"yref":"paper","xref":"paper","x0":0,"x1":1,"y0":0,"y1":1}],"showlegend":false,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.88976377952756,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.689497716895}},"hovermode":"closest","barmode":"relative"},"config":{"doubleClick":"reset","showSendToCloud":false},"source":"A","attrs":{"3c4143363677":{"x":{},"y":{},"type":"bar"}},"cur_data":"3c4143363677","visdat":{"3c4143363677":["function (y) ","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.2,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
---
# Progress as of 3/9/2019
<br>
<br>
<br>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Item </th>
<th style="text-align:right;"> Number </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Number of full-text review </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 439 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Number of final decisions </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 386 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Number of pending decision </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 2 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Number of pending PDFs </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 53 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Number of included studies </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 116 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Number of extracted </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 29 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Number extracted (incl. qual scores) </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 23 </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
---
# PRISMA diagram
<img src="figs/prisma.png" width="76%" height="80%" />
---
# Data dictionary
.pull-left[
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Variable </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Definition </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> endnote_id </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> endnote ID </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> rate_id </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> estimate ID </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> author </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> first author </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> year </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> publication year </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> study_title </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> study title </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> country </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> study location </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> dx_type </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> type of disorder </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> dx_definition </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> disorder definition </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> diag_criteria </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> diagnostic criteria </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
]
.pull-right[
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Variable </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Definition </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> study_design </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> prospective, retropective </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> sample_size </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> number used in analysis </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> age_start/age_end </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> age range </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> females_prop </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> % females </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> data_source </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> data source used to derive cost est </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> perspective </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> perspective (e.g. societal) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> def_perspective </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> definition of perspective </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
]
---
# Data dictionary
<br>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Variable </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Definition </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> pricing_year </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> pricing year </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> discounting_rate </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> applicable to the incidence approach </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> study_period </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> study duration (start/end) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> cost_approach </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> principal approaches to estimate cost (prevalence/incidence) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> page/table number </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> location of the cost estimate </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> cost_broad_type </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> broad label for cost estimate (e.g. direct health cost) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> cost_specific_type </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> specific label for cost estimate (e.g. GP, absenteeism) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> cost_method </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> method used to estimate $ (e.g bottom-up) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> cost_prodloss_method </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> productivity loss method </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
---
# Data dictionary
<br>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Variable </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Definition </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> cost_adjustment </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> unadjusted or adjusted cost </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> cost_type </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> is this incremental/disorder/control cost? </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> num_cases </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> number of cases reflecting the cost estimate </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> currency </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> type of currency </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> cost </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> cost estimate ($) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> cost_scale </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> million, thousands etc </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> cost_unit </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> total cost or mean per patient cost etc </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> sd_cost </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> std deviation of the cost estimate </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> lower_ci/upper_ci </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> confidence intervals for the cost estimate </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
---
# Question
<br>
- Do we need (epidemiological) study design variable?
---
# Data extraction
<br>
<img src="figs/data_extraction.png" width="100%" height="240%" />
---
# Quality Scores
<br>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Variable </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Definition </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Study objective </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> The objectives of the study were well-defined </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Diagnostic criteria </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> The diagnostic criteria (ICD, DSM etc) that were used to identify eligible patients were reported. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Non-diseased comparison group </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> If the study included a control group (without disease of interest) in order to calculate excess/incremental costs, this group must be clearly described. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Currency </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> The currency in which the costs were calculated was reported </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Pricing year </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> All costs were valued at the price level of a stated base year (and inflated if necessary) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Perspective </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> The perspective of the study (societal, health system etc.) was reported </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
---
# Quality Scores
<br>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Variable </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Definition </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Data source </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> The source(s) of information on epidemiological data, health care utilization and costs was (were) reported </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Costs valuation </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> If data on health care utilization was collected, the source of unit costs was reported, in case cost data were used these reflected actual charges </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Discounting </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> If data from one patient were collected from or estimated for a period longer than one year future costs were discounted and the discount rate was given </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Costing methods </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> The costing methods were described in detail and were appropriate regarding the specific characteristics of cost data (e.g. prevalence based, incidence based, modelling approach) </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
---
# Quality Scores
<br>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Variable </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Definition </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Missing data &amp; imputation method </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> The proportion of missing data was reported and the imputation method was described </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Sensitivity analysis </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Relevant parameters were varied in univariate and/or probabilistic sensitivity analyses in order to test the robustness of the results for example different unit costs, different assumptions for missing data (completely at random, at random and not at random) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Sample size </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> The sample size used to estimate cost was reported </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Demographics </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> The characteristics of the sample were described, at least age and gender were reported </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Cost measure </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> The units of the reported measures were clearly stated (etc. mean annual costs, mean total costs and incremental costs) </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
---
# Quality Scores
<br>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Variable </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Definition </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Uncertainty estimates </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Some measurements of uncertainty surrounding the cost estimates are reported (e.g. standard deviations (errors) or uncertainty intervals) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Results discussed with respect to other
studies </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> The results were discussed in relation to other studies on the same topic, if any </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Limitations </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> The limitations in particular to the calculation of costs were discussed in detail </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Conclusions appropriate regarding
uncertainty in results </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> The conclusions allowed for the uncertainty inherent to the results </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
---
# Global COI Studies
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","autosize":false,"geo":{"domain":{"x":[0,1],"y":[0,1]},"scope":"world","projection":{"type":"Mercator"},"showframe":false,"showland":true,"landcolor":"rgba(242,242,242,1)","subunitcolor":"rgba(217,217,217,1)","countrycolor":"rgba(217,217,217,1)","countrywidth":0.9,"subunitwidth":0.5,"showcoastlines":false},"showlegend":true,"hovermode":"closest"},"source":"A","config":{"showSendToCloud":false},"data":[{"lat":[45],"lon":[1.74601],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":"<\/br>Author: Quintero et al <\/br> Country: Spain <\/br> Journal: BMC Psychiatry <\/br> Year: 2018 <\/br> Disorder: ADHD","hoverinfo":"text","name":"ADHD","marker":{"color":"rgba(0,0,4,1)","size":[9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(0,0,4,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(0,0,4,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(0,0,4,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null},{"lat":[55,55.378052],"lon":[10.451526,-3.435973],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":["<\/br>Author: Brecht et al <\/br> Country: Germany <\/br> Journal: Pharmacoeconomics <\/br> Year: 1996 <\/br> Disorder: Alcohol use disorder","<\/br>Author: Balakrishnan et al <\/br> Country: UK <\/br> Journal: J Public Health <\/br> Year: 2009 <\/br> Disorder: Alcohol use disorder"],"hoverinfo":["text","text"],"name":"Alcohol use disorder","marker":{"color":"rgba(30,15,42,1)","size":[9,9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(30,15,42,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(30,15,42,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(30,15,42,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null},{"lat":[65],"lon":[18.643501],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":"<\/br>Author: Watson et al <\/br> Country: Sweden <\/br> Journal: Journal of Psychosomatic Research <\/br> Year: 2018 <\/br> Disorder: Binge eating disorder","hoverinfo":"text","name":"Binge eating disorder","marker":{"color":"rgba(52,18,76,1)","size":[9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(52,18,76,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(52,18,76,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(52,18,76,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null},{"lat":[60.128162,58],"lon":[18.643501,-3.435973],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":["<\/br>Author: Osby et al <\/br> Country: Sweden <\/br> Journal: Journal of Affective Disorders <\/br> Year: 2009 <\/br> Disorder: Bipolar disorder","<\/br>Author: Young et al <\/br> Country: UK <\/br> Journal: Journal of Affective Disorders <\/br> Year: 2011 <\/br> Disorder: Bipolar disorder"],"hoverinfo":["text","text"],"name":"Bipolar disorder","marker":{"color":"rgba(75,19,114,1)","size":[9,9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(75,19,114,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(75,19,114,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(75,19,114,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null},{"lat":[51.165691,53.41291,44],"lon":[10.451526,-8.24389,1.74601],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":["<\/br>Author: Bode et al <\/br> Country: Germany <\/br> Journal: European Journal of Health Economics <\/br> Year: 2017 <\/br> Disorder: Borderline personality disorder","<\/br>Author: Bourke et al <\/br> Country: Ireland <\/br> Journal: Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine <\/br> Year: 2018 <\/br> Disorder: Borderline personality disorder","<\/br>Author: Salvador-Carulla et al <\/br> Country: Spain <\/br> Journal: European Psychiatry <\/br> Year: 2014 <\/br> Disorder: Borderline personality disorder"],"hoverinfo":["text","text","text"],"name":"Borderline personality disorder","marker":{"color":"rgba(107,25,124,1)","size":[9,9,9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(107,25,124,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(107,25,124,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(107,25,124,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null},{"lat":[53.553841,55,36.204823,41.69215,52.372021],"lon":[9.99165,10.451526,138.25293,1.74601,5.21671],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":["<\/br>Author: Bock et al <\/br> Country: Germany <\/br> Journal: Journal of Affective Disorders <\/br> Year: 2016 <\/br> Disorder: Depression","<\/br>Author: Wagner et al <\/br> Country: Germany <\/br> Journal: Journal of Affective Disorders <\/br> Year: 2016 <\/br> Disorder: Depression","<\/br>Author: Okumura and Higuchi <\/br> Country: Japan <\/br> Journal: Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry <\/br> Year: 2011 <\/br> Disorder: Depression","<\/br>Author: Bendeck et al <\/br> Country: Spain <\/br> Journal: Journal of Mental Health <\/br> Year: 2013 <\/br> Disorder: Depression","<\/br>Author: Bosmans et al <\/br> Country: The Netherlands <\/br> Journal: Family practice <\/br> Year: 2010 <\/br> Disorder: Depression"],"hoverinfo":["text","text","text","text","text"],"name":"Depression","marker":{"color":"rgba(138,36,123,1)","size":[9,9,9,9,9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(138,36,123,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(138,36,123,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(138,36,123,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null},{"lat":[55],"lon":[-85.323212],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":"<\/br>Author: Bell et al <\/br> Country: Canada <\/br> Journal: Journal of Affective Disorders <\/br> Year: 2004 <\/br> Disorder: Dysthymia","hoverinfo":"text","name":"Dysthymia","marker":{"color":"rgba(167,48,122,1)","size":[9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(167,48,122,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(167,48,122,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(167,48,122,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null},{"lat":[32.576229],"lon":[-86.68074],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":"<\/br>Author: Samnaliev et al <\/br> Country: US <\/br> Journal: Preventive medicine reports <\/br> Year: 2015 <\/br> Disorder: Eating disorder","hoverinfo":"text","name":"Eating disorder","marker":{"color":"rgba(193,68,118,1)","size":[9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(193,68,118,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(193,68,118,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(193,68,118,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null},{"lat":[56.130367,45,63],"lon":[-106.346771,1.74601,18.643501],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":["<\/br>Author: Bereza et al <\/br> Country: Canada <\/br> Journal: Neurology and Therapy <\/br> Year: 2012 <\/br> Disorder: GAD","<\/br>Author: Rovira et al <\/br> Country: Spain <\/br> Journal: Community Mental Health Journal <\/br> Year: 2012 <\/br> Disorder: GAD","<\/br>Author: Sandelin et al <\/br> Country: Sweden <\/br> Journal: European Psychiatry <\/br> Year: 2013 <\/br> Disorder: GAD"],"hoverinfo":["text","text","text"],"name":"GAD","marker":{"color":"rgba(215,93,112,1)","size":[9,9,9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(215,93,112,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(215,93,112,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(215,93,112,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null},{"lat":[28],"lon":[-86.68074],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":"<\/br>Author: Rice and Miller <\/br> Country: US <\/br> Journal: British Journal of Psychiatry <\/br> Year: 1995 <\/br> Disorder: Mood disorder","hoverinfo":"text","name":"Mood disorder","marker":{"color":"rgba(236,118,104,1)","size":[9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(236,118,104,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(236,118,104,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(236,118,104,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null},{"lat":[47.516232,3.436658,46.151241],"lon":[14.550072,-150.100895,14.995463],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":["<\/br>Author: Wancata et al <\/br> Country: Austria <\/br> Journal: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift <\/br> Year: 2007 <\/br> Disorder: Multiple disorders","<\/br>Author: Olesen et al <\/br> Country: Multiple <\/br> Journal: European Journal of Neurology <\/br> Year: 2012 <\/br> Disorder: Multiple disorders","<\/br>Author: Bon et al <\/br> Country: Slovenia <\/br> Journal: Izvirni lanek <\/br> Year: 2013 <\/br> Disorder: Multiple disorders"],"hoverinfo":["text","text","text"],"name":"Multiple disorders","marker":{"color":"rgba(252,146,104,1)","size":[9,9,9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(252,146,104,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(252,146,104,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(252,146,104,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null},{"lat":[-33],"lon":[146.921097],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":"<\/br>Author: Neil et al <\/br> Country: Australia <\/br> Journal: The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry <\/br> Year: 2014 <\/br> Disorder: Psychosis","hoverinfo":"text","name":"Psychosis","marker":{"color":"rgba(255,182,132,1)","size":[9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(255,182,132,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(255,182,132,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(255,182,132,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null},{"lat":[-31.253218,46.227638,7.946527,39,43,47],"lon":[146.921097,2.213749,-1.023194,138.25293,1.74601,1.74601],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":["<\/br>Author: Andrews et al <\/br> Country: Australia <\/br> Journal: Archives of General Psychiatry <\/br> Year: 1985 <\/br> Disorder: Schizophrenia","<\/br>Author: Sarlon et al <\/br> Country: France <\/br> Journal: Bmc Health Services Research <\/br> Year: 2012 <\/br> Disorder: Schizophrenia","<\/br>Author: Opoku-Boateng et al <\/br> Country: Ghana <\/br> Journal: BMC health services research <\/br> Year: 2017 <\/br> Disorder: Schizophrenia","<\/br>Author: Sado et al <\/br> Country: Japan <\/br> Journal: Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment <\/br> Year: 2013 <\/br> Disorder: Schizophrenia","<\/br>Author: Oliva-Moreno et al <\/br> Country: Spain <\/br> Journal: The European Journal of Health Economics <\/br> Year: 2006 <\/br> Disorder: Schizophrenia","<\/br>Author: Vazquez-Polo et al <\/br> Country: Spain <\/br> Journal: Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics <\/br> Year: 2005 <\/br> Disorder: Schizophrenia"],"hoverinfo":["text","text","text","text","text","text"],"name":"Schizophrenia","marker":{"color":"rgba(255,218,161,1)","size":[9,9,9,9,9,9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(255,218,161,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(255,218,161,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(255,218,161,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null},{"lat":[6],"lon":[-150.100895],"type":"scattergeo","mode":"markers","text":"<\/br>Author: Patel et al <\/br> Country: Multiple <\/br> Journal: Journal of Affective Disorders <\/br> Year: 2002 <\/br> Disorder: Social phobia","hoverinfo":"text","name":"Social phobia","marker":{"color":"rgba(252,253,191,1)","size":[9],"sizemode":"area","symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(252,253,191,1)"}},"textfont":{"color":"rgba(252,253,191,1)","size":9},"line":{"color":"rgba(252,253,191,1)","width":9},"geo":"geo","frame":null}],"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.2,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
---
# Distribution of COI Studies
<div id="htmlwidget-8e607c55dafa3b37671c" style="width:80%;height:70%;" class="plotly html-widget"></div>
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---
# To do list
<br>
.pull-left[
]
.pull-right[
- Snowball titles from `included studies`
- Merge the above with `snowball from systematic reviews`
- Remove `duplicates`
- Screen PDFs
- Data extraction
]
---
# General questions
<br>
- Abstracts found during full-text search
- Foreign language papers
- Deadline for `cannot locate PDFs`
---
# Data extraction questions
<br>
- Some papers do not report year for the costing (etc. Bell et al). Which assumption should be made?
- Need specific classification of data sources: 1) administrative registers, surveys, national/regional budgets, a mixture?
---
# Data extraction questions
.pull-left[
<img src="figs/Bhattarai et al 2013.png" width="100%" height="140%" />
]
.pull-right[
<img src="figs/Bon et al 2013.png" width="100%" height="140%" />
]
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