diff --git a/canvas_sdk/base.py b/canvas_sdk/base.py
index a97152d9..35ceb73f 100644
--- a/canvas_sdk/base.py
+++ b/canvas_sdk/base.py
@@ -34,15 +34,18 @@ def _get_error_details(self, method: Any) -> list[InitErrorDetails]:
         class_name = self.__repr_name__()  # type: ignore[misc]
 
         class_name_article = "an" if class_name.startswith(("A", "E", "I", "O", "U")) else "a"
-        return [
-            self._create_error_detail(
-                "missing",
-                f"Field '{field}' is required to {method.replace('_', ' ')} {class_name_article} {class_name}",
-                v,
-            )
-            for field in required_fields
-            if (v := getattr(self, field)) is None
-        ]
+
+        error_details = []
+        for field in required_fields:
+            fields = field.split("|")
+            if not all(getattr(self, f) is None for f in fields):
+                continue
+            field_description = " or ".join([f"'{f}'" for f in fields])
+            message = f"Field {field_description} is required to {method.replace('_', ' ')} {class_name_article} {class_name}"
+            error = self._create_error_detail("missing", message, None)
+            error_details.append(error)
+
+        return error_details
 
     def _validate_before_effect(self, method: str) -> None:
         self.model_validate(self)
diff --git a/canvas_sdk/effects/banner_alert/add_banner_alert.py b/canvas_sdk/effects/banner_alert/add_banner_alert.py
index 95502321..949bd95d 100644
--- a/canvas_sdk/effects/banner_alert/add_banner_alert.py
+++ b/canvas_sdk/effects/banner_alert/add_banner_alert.py
@@ -13,7 +13,13 @@ class AddBannerAlert(_BaseEffect):
 
     class Meta:
         effect_type = EffectType.ADD_BANNER_ALERT
-        apply_required_fields = ("patient_id", "key", "narrative", "placement", "intent")
+        apply_required_fields = (
+            "patient_id|patient_filter",
+            "key",
+            "narrative",
+            "placement",
+            "intent",
+        )
 
     class Placement(Enum):
         CHART = "chart"
@@ -47,4 +53,9 @@ def values(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
     @property
     def effect_payload(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """The payload of the effect."""
-        return {"patient": self.patient_id, "key": self.key, "data": self.values}
+        return {
+            "patient": self.patient_id,
+            "patient_filter": self.patient_filter,
+            "key": self.key,
+            "data": self.values,
+        }
diff --git a/canvas_sdk/effects/banner_alert/remove_banner_alert.py b/canvas_sdk/effects/banner_alert/remove_banner_alert.py
index 1331c145..22b0fb02 100644
--- a/canvas_sdk/effects/banner_alert/remove_banner_alert.py
+++ b/canvas_sdk/effects/banner_alert/remove_banner_alert.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class RemoveBannerAlert(_BaseEffect):
 
     class Meta:
         effect_type = EffectType.REMOVE_BANNER_ALERT
-        apply_required_fields = ("patient_id", "key")
+        apply_required_fields = ("patient_id|patient_filter", "key")
 
     patient_id: str | None = None
     key: str | None = None
@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ class Meta:
     @property
     def effect_payload(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """The payload of the effect."""
-        return {"patient": self.patient_id, "key": self.key}
+        return {"patient": self.patient_id, "patient_filter": self.patient_filter, "key": self.key}
diff --git a/canvas_sdk/effects/banner_alert/tests.py b/canvas_sdk/effects/banner_alert/tests.py
index d4f84b03..966da14f 100644
--- a/canvas_sdk/effects/banner_alert/tests.py
+++ b/canvas_sdk/effects/banner_alert/tests.py
@@ -178,12 +178,28 @@ def test_protocol_that_adds_banner_alert(
                 "placement": [AddBannerAlert.Placement.APPOINTMENT_CARD],
                 "intent": AddBannerAlert.Intent.INFO,
             },
-            '{"patient": "uuid", "key": "test-key", "data": {"narrative": "hellooo", "placement": ["appointment_card"], "intent": "info", "href": null}}',
+            '{"patient": "uuid", "patient_filter": null, "key": "test-key", "data": {"narrative": "hellooo", "placement": ["appointment_card"], "intent": "info", "href": null}}',
+        ),
+        (
+            AddBannerAlert,
+            {
+                "patient_filter": {"active": True},
+                "key": "test-key",
+                "narrative": "hellooo",
+                "placement": [AddBannerAlert.Placement.APPOINTMENT_CARD],
+                "intent": AddBannerAlert.Intent.INFO,
+            },
+            '{"patient": null, "patient_filter": {"active": true}, "key": "test-key", "data": {"narrative": "hellooo", "placement": ["appointment_card"], "intent": "info", "href": null}}',
         ),
         (
             RemoveBannerAlert,
             {"patient_id": "uuid", "key": "testeroo"},
-            '{"patient": "uuid", "key": "testeroo"}',
+            '{"patient": "uuid", "patient_filter": null, "key": "testeroo"}',
+        ),
+        (
+            RemoveBannerAlert,
+            {"patient_filter": {"active": True}, "key": "testeroo"},
+            '{"patient": null, "patient_filter": {"active": true}, "key": "testeroo"}',
         ),
     ],
 )
@@ -204,7 +220,7 @@ def test_banner_alert_apply_method_succeeds_with_all_required_fields(
             AddBannerAlert,
             [
                 "5 validation errors for AddBannerAlert",
-                "Field 'patient_id' is required to apply an AddBannerAlert [type=missing",
+                "Field 'patient_id' or 'patient_filter' is required to apply an AddBannerAlert [type=missing",
                 "Field 'key' is required to apply an AddBannerAlert [type=missing",
                 "Field 'narrative' is required to apply an AddBannerAlert [type=missing",
                 "Field 'placement' is required to apply an AddBannerAlert [type=missing",
@@ -215,7 +231,7 @@ def test_banner_alert_apply_method_succeeds_with_all_required_fields(
             RemoveBannerAlert,
             [
                 "2 validation errors for RemoveBannerAlert",
-                "Field 'patient_id' is required to apply a RemoveBannerAlert [type=missing",
+                "Field 'patient_id' or 'patient_filter' is required to apply a RemoveBannerAlert [type=missing",
                 "Field 'key' is required to apply a RemoveBannerAlert [type=missing",
             ],
         ),
diff --git a/canvas_sdk/effects/base.py b/canvas_sdk/effects/base.py
index e67d96bd..30d96f8d 100644
--- a/canvas_sdk/effects/base.py
+++ b/canvas_sdk/effects/base.py
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ class _BaseEffect(Model):
     A Canvas Effect that changes user behavior or autonomously performs activities on behalf of users.
     """
 
+    patient_filter: dict | None = None
+
     class Meta:
         effect_type = EffectType.UNKNOWN_EFFECT
 
diff --git a/canvas_sdk/effects/protocol_card/protocol_card.py b/canvas_sdk/effects/protocol_card/protocol_card.py
index 31b0c1ce..7d519b46 100644
--- a/canvas_sdk/effects/protocol_card/protocol_card.py
+++ b/canvas_sdk/effects/protocol_card/protocol_card.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class Status(Enum):
 
     class Meta:
         effect_type = EffectType.ADD_OR_UPDATE_PROTOCOL_CARD
-        apply_required_fields = ("patient_id", "key")
+        apply_required_fields = ("patient_id|patient_filter", "key")
 
     patient_id: str | None = None
     key: str | None = None
@@ -68,7 +68,12 @@ def values(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
     @property
     def effect_payload(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """The payload of the effect."""
-        return {"patient": self.patient_id, "key": self.key, "data": self.values}
+        return {
+            "patient": self.patient_id,
+            "patient_filter": self.patient_filter,
+            "key": self.key,
+            "data": self.values,
+        }
 
     def add_recommendation(
         self,
diff --git a/canvas_sdk/effects/protocol_card/tests.py b/canvas_sdk/effects/protocol_card/tests.py
index 2728abb0..16ca27c4 100644
--- a/canvas_sdk/effects/protocol_card/tests.py
+++ b/canvas_sdk/effects/protocol_card/tests.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def test_apply_method_succeeds_with_patient_id_and_key() -> None:
     applied = p.apply()
     assert (
         applied.payload
-        == '{"patient": "uuid", "key": "something-unique", "data": {"title": "", "narrative": "", "recommendations": [], "status": "due", "feedback_enabled": false}}'
+        == '{"patient": "uuid", "patient_filter": null, "key": "something-unique", "data": {"title": "", "narrative": "", "recommendations": [], "status": "due", "feedback_enabled": false}}'
     )
 
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def test_apply_method_raises_error_without_patient_id_and_key() -> None:
 
     assert "2 validation errors for ProtocolCard" in err_msg
     assert (
-        "Field 'patient_id' is required to apply a ProtocolCard [type=missing, input_value=None, input_type=NoneType]"
+        "Field 'patient_id' or 'patient_filter' is required to apply a ProtocolCard [type=missing, input_value=None, input_type=NoneType]"
         in err_msg
     )
     assert (