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RDF.txt
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* technologies in RDF stack
* introduction to RDF
* RDF data model
* RDF technologies/specifications
* RDF description of RESTful API
* RDF major applications
* RDF service/data integration platforms
* RDF schemas/vocabularies/ontologies
* RDF knowledge bases
* RDF in the wild
* RDF stack features
* RDF databases
* RDF libraries and tools
* articles about RDF
[technologies in RDF stack (overviews)]
- https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/schema.org.txt
- https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/JSON-LD.txt
- https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/OWL.txt
- https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/SPARQL.txt
- https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/LDP.txt
- https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/R2RML.txt
- https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/Hydra.txt
[introduction to RDF]
* RDF - framework for description of data related to resource in a way which doesn’t require prior knowledge of the vocabularies being used
* Linked Data - powerful distributed open graph data model based on RDF to integrate data stored in various databases and to integrate applications around data
Data (observing and recording, RDF) -> Information (organizing, RDFS/OWL) -> Knowledge (understanding, semantics) -> Wisdom (predicting)
"What happened to the Semantic Web?" - https://slideshare.net/pmika/what-happened-to-the-semantic-web
introduction into modern RDF - http://youtube.com/watch?v=vioCbTo3C-4
"Key Things You Need to Know About RDF and Why They Are Important" - http://dbooth.org/2014/key/key-slides.pdf
"Linked Data: Introduction and Application Scenarios" - http://euclid-project.eu/modules/chapter1 + http://euclid-project.eu/modules/course1
"Querying Linked Data" - http://euclid-project.eu/modules/chapter2 + http://euclid-project.eu/modules/course2
"Providing Linked Data" - http://euclid-project.eu/modules/chapter3 + http://euclid-project.eu/modules/course3
"Interaction with Linked Data" - http://euclid-project.eu/modules/chapter4 + http://euclid-project.eu/modules/course4
"Creating Linked Data Applications" - http://euclid-project.eu/modules/chapter5 + http://euclid-project.eu/modules/course5
http://habrahabr.ru/company/itis/blog/258405/ (course in russian)
http://slid.es/mhgrove/semantic-graphs-are-for-everyone
http://mkbergman.com/1626/seven-arguments-for-semantic-technologies/
http://slideshare.net/lanthaler/stop-reinventing-the-wheel-use-linked-data-to-build-better-ap-is
http://semanticweb.com/the-business-value-of-reasoning-with-ontologies_b38364
https://dropbox.com/s/01ii0nnzeomnepa/Linked%20Data%20Platform%20as%20a%20novel%20approach%20for%20Enterprise%20Application%20Integration.pdf
https://dropbox.com/s/fi4zq9vjc2bhgu0/Linked%20Data%20in%20the%20Enterprise.pdf
interesting selected publications - https://dropbox.com/sh/c427b94xex62a40/AABii9_MRHrCZPGJ_Adx_b3Ma
[RDF data model]
RDF data model features (with comparison to APS data model) - https://dropbox.com/s/zuomah695zntjv7/RDF%20data%20model.txt
"How RDF Databases Differ from Other NoSQL Solutions" - http://blog.datagraph.org/2010/04/rdf-nosql-diff
what's new in RDF 1.1 - http://slideshare.net/cygri/whats-new-in-rdf-11
diagram and overview for entity types in RDF/RDFS/OWL - http://infowebml.ws/website/graphical-representations.htm
hypergraph extension to RDF data model - http://arxiv-web3.library.cornell.edu/abs/1406.3399
reconciliation of RDF model and Property Graph model - http://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.3288v1.pdf
[RDF technologies/specifications]
[types]
Schema.org (collection of type schemas) -
http://schema.org
https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/schema.org.txt
https://dropbox.com/s/pefw66f8vjft3p5/schema.org%20intro.txt
[serializations]
JSON-LD (JSON serialization) - http://json-ld.org + https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/JSON-LD.txt
Turtle (most comprehensible serialization) - http://w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/
RDFa (serialization into HTML) - http://rdfa.info
HDT (binary serialization) - http://rdfhdt.org/what-is-hdt/
RDF Patch (graph delta serialization) - http://bertails.org/2014/09/20/why-ldpatch/ + http://w3.org/TR/ldpatch/ + http://afs.github.io/rdf-patch/
[API]
Hydra (REST API definition) - http://hydra-cg.com/spec/latest/core/ + https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/Hydra.txt
Linked Data Fragments (SPARQL to REST) - http://linkeddatafragments.org + https://dropbox.com/s/33r12d8khfia2p2/Linked%20Data%20Fragments.txt
Linked Data Platform (REST API) - https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/LDP.txt
RDF Interfaces (programming language API) - http://w3.org/TR/2012/NOTE-rdf-interfaces-20120705/
[query]
SPARQL (query language) - http://w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/ + https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/SPARQL.txt
LDPath (simple query language) - http://wiki.apache.org/marmotta/LDPath
[schema]
RDF Schema (basic schema definition) - http://w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/
OWL (schema definition) - http://w3.org/TR/owl-features/ + https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/OWL.txt
[validation]
Shapes Constraint Language - http://w3c.github.io/data-shapes/shacl/ + http://w3c.github.io/data-shapes/data-shapes-primer/
[rules]
Notation 3 (most comprehensible serialization) - http://w3.org/DesignIssues/Notation3
SPIN (simple schema) - http://spinrdf.org/spin.html
RIF (complex schema) - http://w3.org/2005/rules/wiki/RIF_FAQ + http://w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-rif-primer-20130205/
[data mapping]
RDB2RDF/R2RML (relational to RDF) -
http://w3.org/2001/sw/rdb2rdf/wiki/Main_Page
http://w3.org/TR/r2rml/
https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/R2RML.txt
[security]
Credentials (identity, authentication, authorization) -
http://opencreds.org
https://dropbox.com/s/mv3om35ojy6krl1/Credentials%20intro.txt
WebID (identity, authentication) - http://w3.org/wiki/WebID
WAC (authorization) - http://w3.org/wiki/WebAccessControl
[provenance]
PROV-O (context for graphs) - http://w3.org/TR/prov-o/
[RDF description of RESTful API]
Hydra -
https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/Hydra.txt
http://hydra-cg.com/spec/latest/core/
http://markus-lanthaler.com/hydra/
http://markus-lanthaler.com/research/creating-3rd-generation-web-apis-with-hydra.pdf
RESTDesc -
http://restdesc.org
http://slideshare.net/RubenVerborgh/distributed-affordance-21175728
http://ruben.verborgh.org/phd/
semantic workflow engine on top of RESTDesc -
http://ruben.verborgh.org/publications/coppens_cold_2013/
OSLC - https://dropbox.com/s/9zpw2zipn1v0p9a/OSLC.txt
[RDF major applications]
- emerging agreements around schemas (Schema.org, Facebook Open Graph Protocol)
- large amounts of data published in RDF (as Linked Data, inside HTML pages, inside email text messages)
- private knowledge graphs inside corporations
* knowledge bases for web search engines
http://searchengineland.com/search-answers-knowledge-graphs-galore-163217
* semantic search
"Now, Google, the world’s most popular search engine, will focus more on trying to understand the meanings of and relationships among things, as opposed to its original strategy of matching keywords."
http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/26/google-changes-search-to-handle-more-complex-queries/
http://searchengineland.com/future-seo-understanding-entity-search-172997
http://searchengineland.com/5-ways-to-unlock-the-benefits-of-semantic-search-hummingbird-175634
http://gigaom.com/2013/11/24/lets-build-a-semantic-web-by-creating-a-wikipedia-for-relevancy/
information extraction and semantic search
http://openie.cs.washington.edu
https://youtube.com/watch?v=csWh3iUDE-I
http://slideshare.net/TomAnthony/the-evolution-of-search
http://slideshare.net/pmika/related-entity-finding-on-the-web
http://glimmer.research.yahoo.com
knowledge extraction platform (application search by functionality) - http://appcrawlr.com/app/technology
transformation of natural language query to SPARQL query -
http://treo.deri.ie - entity search, spreading activation search, distributional semantic relatedness
http://quepy.machinalis.com + https://bel-epa.com/posts/taking-quepy-for-a-spin.xml
* publishing data on the web
organizing the world's scientific information - https://standardanalytics.io + http://semanticweb.com/building-scientific-knowledge-graph_b43294
* expert systems
IBM Watson - http://videolectures.net/eswc2012_welty_watson/
* intelligent web agents
http://ruben.verborgh.org/blog/2013/05/31/towards-serendipitous-web-applications/
http://ruben.verborgh.org/blog/2013/01/31/what-web-agents-want/
http://ruben.verborgh.org/publications/verborgh_web_2013/
* exploratory search and discovery
http://discoveryhub.co
Wikipedia browser demo - http://youtube.com/watch?v=S81ovcr_pPU
http://slideshare.net/ncmarie/discovery-hub-an-exploratory-search-engine-on-the-top-of-dbpedia
http://slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/discovery-hub-onthefly-linked-data-exploratory-search
* personalization (interests graph)
http://about.primal.com/about/technology
* shared distributed data space for applications
http://youtube.com/watch?v=3mIv6LlmCJ4
"Socially Aware Cloud Storage" design by Berners-Lee - http://w3.org/DesignIssues/CloudStorage.html
RWW.IO - personal data space (linked data store) with implementation of W3C SPARQL and W3C LDP API
https://github.com/deiu/rww.io
calendar application - https://plus.google.com/110661547709905058143/posts/eYbge1AJoMJ
CrossCloud - personal data space (linked data store)
https://github.com/sandhawke/crosscloud/
http://knightfoundation.org/blogs/knightblog/2013/6/25/introducing-crosscloud-project-get-your-data-out-silos/
http://w3.org/2014/Talks/0605-sandro/Crosscloud%20W3C%20Tech%20Talk.pdf
http://w3.org/2012/Talks/0320-crosscloud-sandro/
Cimba microblogging application integrated with RWW.IO - https://youtube.com/watch?v=z0_XaJ97rF0
Linked Data Platform features wishlist for CrossCloud - http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-ldp-wg/2014Nov/0010.html
OpenLink Data Spaces - named structured data cluster within a distributed data network where each data item has a unique id
http://openlinksw.com/dataspace/doc/kidehen@openlinksw.com/weblog/kidehen@openlinksw.com%27s%20BLOG%20%5B127%5D/1662
http://ods.openlinksw.com/wiki/ODS/
global entity registry system - http://worldwidesemanticweb.org/projects/entity-registries/
* social activity
http://w3.org/Social/
* natural language processing
OpenCalais - http://opencalais.com/about + http://opencalais.com/documentation/opencalais-web-service-api/interpreting-api-response/rdf
AlchemyAPI - http://alchemyapi.com/api/entity-extraction/ + http://alchemyapi.com/api/relation-extraction/ + http://alchemyapi.com/api/linked-data-support/
* data platforms for biology, chemisty and medicine
visual builder of query as graph - http://sparqlgraph.i-med.ac.at
overview
http://cambridgesemantics.com/solutions/pharma/competitive-intelligence/webinar
http://chembionavigator.org/tutorial
http://openphacts.org
[RDF service/data integration platforms]
OASIS OSLC and Jazz for Service Management by IBM, enterprise cloud service integration platform
https://dropbox.com/s/9zpw2zipn1v0p9a/OSLC.txt
FluidOps eCloudManager, enterprise cloud applications automation platform
https://dropbox.com/s/3rcazmszvubgdnq/FluidOps
Scorpio4 - http://scorpio4.com + https://github.com/scorpio4/scorpio4/wiki
PoolParty, enterprise linked data integration and management
addressed problem - http://poolparty.biz/portfolio-item/enterprise-linked-data-integration-poolparty/
http://poolparty-software.com/see-how-it-works/
http://poolparty-software.com/poolparty-functionalities-and-features-at-a-glance/
http://poolparty-software.com/solutions/
http://youtube.com/watch?v=Pj0Uh0x4yos + http://youtube.com/channel/UC51b4InJT5EzbpwCIaO0-XQ
[RDF schemas/vocabularies/ontologies]
schema.org - http://schema.org - by Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, Yandex
schemas for multiple knowledge domains understandable by web seach engines and many others
currently used on 15% of all pages on the web after 2 years of adoption
https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/schema.org.txt
technical overview - http://w3.org/2013/04/odw/odw13_submission_53.pdf
current state of adoption - http://videolectures.net/iswc2013_guha_tunnel/
Good Relations - http://purl.org/goodrelations/
the most popular vocabulary for product, price and company data that can be embedded into existing static and dynamic Web pages
and that can be processed by the latest generation of search engines, recommender systems, and other novel applications
partially included into schema.org - http://blog.schema.org/2012/11/good-relations-and-schemaorg.html
design - http://heppnetz.de/ontologies/goodrelations/v1#uml
catalog of over 300000 product types - http://productontology.org
people and organizations - http://w3.org/TR/vcard-rdf/
Organization Ontology - http://w3.org/TR/vocab-org/
Description of a Project - https://github.com/edumbill/doap
Internet of Things Database - https://iotdb.org
enterprise cloud services management by FluidOps - http://fluidops.com/ontologies/
HTTP protocol - http://w3.org/TR/HTTP-in-RDF10/
[RDF knowledge bases]
Google Knowledge Graph (570m items, 3.5b links, 1500 item types, 35k link types) and Freebase (40m items, 2b statements, 60000 properties)
http://technologyreview.com/news/523846/how-a-database-of-the-worlds-knowledge-shapes-googles-future/
Freebase as base - https://developers.google.com/freebase/ + https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/Freebase.txt + http://basekb.com
Facebook Entity Graph (1b persons and other entities, 100b+ statements)
public RDF API
http://semantic-web-journal.net/content/facebook-linked-data-graph-api
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-lod/2011Oct/0032.html + http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-lod/2011Sep/0092.html
Microsoft Satori RDF graph (300m items, 800m statements) + Microsoft Bing as Platform
Trinity graph database for RDF data with SPARQL end-point - http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=183717
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/graphengine/ + http://graphengine.io
Bing Entity public API - http://bing.com/blogs/site_blogs/b/search/archive/2013/06/26/bingbuild.aspx
http://techcrunch.com/2014/03/30/microsoft-has-big-plans-for-bings-entity-engine/
Yahoo Knowledge Graph (10m items, 10m statements, 30m properties)
http://semtechbizsj2014.semanticweb.com/sessionPop.cfm?confid=82&proposalid=6452
http://semanticweb.com/at-semtechbiz-knowledge-graphs-are-everywhere_b37724
DBPedia by Wikipedia (3.6m items, 1b statements, 500 classes, 2000 properties)
http://dbpedia.org/Datasets
Wikidata by Wikipedia (15m items, 30m statements, 900 properties)
http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2014/10/178785-wikidata/fulltext
http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikidata/Development/RDF + http://korrekt.org/papers/Wikidata-RDF-export-2014.pdf
https://www.mail-archive.com/wikidata-l@lists.wikimedia.org/msg05601.html
https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-sparql-dev/2015JanMar/0031.html
Yago
http://mpi-inf.mpg.de/yago-naga/yago/
ConceptNet (2.5m items, 7.5m statements)
https://github.com/commonsense/conceptnet5/wiki
LinkedGeoData - OpenStreetMap data (1b items, 20b statements)
http://linkedgeodata.org
LOD cloud cache by OpenLink (150b statements)
http://lod.openstatementsw.com + http://lod.openstatementsw.com/b3s/
FactForge by OntoText (500m items, 3b statements)
http://factforge.net + http://ontotext.com/factforge
structured data from sites on the web (17b statements) - http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-vocabs/2014Apr/0002.html
[RDF in the wild]
samples of SPARQL queries -
http://factforge.net/sparql
http://lod.openlinksw.com/b3s/
http://linkedlifedata.com/sparql
http://code.google.com/p/void-impl/wiki/SPARQLQueriesForStatistics
SPARQL sexy end-points with query validation -
http://yasgui.laurensrietveld.nl
http://sparqlbin.com
list of public SPARQL end-points - http://labs.mondeca.com/sparqlEndpointsStatus/
locator of all link paths between two entities on the RDF web - http://goo.gl/E7TSNY
transformation of natural language query to SPARQL query - http://quepy.machinalis.com
open process for data modelling in WikiData community - http://wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Property_proposal/all
[RDF stack features]
* RDF databases (see list of databases below)
"How RDF Databases Differ from Other NoSQL Solutions" - http://blog.datagraph.org/2010/04/rdf-nosql-diff
performance of SPARQL in Virtuoso RDF store vs SQL in analytics benchmark - http://goo.gl/0Q38OV
* Linked Data platforms
https://dropbox.com/s/01ii0nnzeomnepa/Linked%20Data%20Platform%20as%20a%20novel%20approach%20for%20Enterprise%20Application%20Integration.pdf
W3C Linked Data Platform - https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/LDP.txt
Graphity LDP - http://fusepool.eu/more/links/projects/graphity + https://github.com/Graphity/graphity-ldp
http://blog.ldodds.com/2013/06/15/building-the-new-ordnance-survey-linked-data-platform/
https://code.google.com/p/lmf/
* RDF graphs federation
support for SPARQL Federated Query and for regular SPARQL Query over federated sources in http://fluidops.com/fedx/
http://slideshare.net/aschwarte/fedx-for-federated-query-processing-on-linked-data
demo at http://fedx.fluidops.net/resource/Help:Start
specification and sample query - http://w3.org/TR/sparql11-federated-query/#simpleService
"Querying over Federated SPARQL Endpoints - A State of the Art Survey" - http://arxiv.org/pdf/1306.1723.pdf
"A Comparison of Federation over SPARQL Endpoints Frameworks" - http://goo.gl/0YHdsP
reasoning over multiple federated end-points - https://github.com/djogopatrao/SPARQLFederator/wiki
automatic query federation (query rewriting based on URI coreference information) - http://schlegel.github.io/balloon/balloon-fusion.html
* export of relational database to RDF
by mapping relational schema to RDF vocabulary in either of two ways:
- dynamic rewriting of SPARQL query into SQL query
- batch transform of relational data into RDF dump
http://antoniogarrote.wordpress.com/2011/01/10/translating-sparql-queries-into-sql-using-r2rml/
sample mappings - https://github.com/LinkedBrainz/MusicBrainz-R2RML/tree/master/mappings
https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/R2RML.txt
* validation
http://throwww.com/a/7kv
http://w3.org/2014/data-shapes/charter
RDF Validation Workshop by W3C
http://w3.org/2012/12/rdf-val/report
notes - http://w3.org/2013/09/10-rdfval-minutes + http://w3.org/2013/09/11-rdfval-minutes
presentations - https://w3.org/2012/12/rdf-val/agenda
http://w3.org/2012/12/rdf-val/SOTA
Stardog RDF database ICV
* constraints defined in OWL (with Closed-World Assumption and weak Unique Name Assumption) or SPARQL
* constraints translated to SPARQL queries
sample constraint in natural language:
"Only employees who are American citizens can work on a project that receives funds from a US government agency"
sample constraint in OWL Manchester syntax:
":Project and (:receives_funds_from some :US_Government_Agency))
rdfs:subClassOf (inverse :works_on only (:Employee and (:nationality value "US")))" ~
sample constraint in Turtle:
"[ owl:intersectionOf (:Project
[ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :receives_funds_from ; owl:someValuesFrom :US_Government_Agency ]) .
] rdfs:subClassOf
[ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [owl:inverseOf :works_on] ;
owl:allValuesFrom [ owl:intersectionOf (:Employee
[ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "US" ; owl:onProperty :nationality ]) ] ] ."
http://w3.org/2012/12/rdf-val/submissions/Stardog
samples of constraints - http://docs.stardog.com/icv/
http://clarkparsia.com/pellet/icv/
sample at https://gist.github.com/evren/5612900
W3C RDF Data Shapes - http://w3.org/2014/rds/charter
OSLC Resource Shapes
http://w3.org/Submission/2014/SUBM-shapes-20140211/
http://ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/linked-data-oslc-resource-shapes/index.html
http://events.linkeddata.org/ldow2013/slides/ldow2013-slides-02.pdf
http://events.linkeddata.org/ldow2013/papers/ldow2013-paper-02.pdf
http://open-services.net/bin/view/Main/OSLCCoreSpecAppendixA#oslc_ResourceShape_Resource
RDF Validation at Google
http://w3.org/2001/sw/wiki/images/0/00/SimpleApplication-SpecificConstraintsforRDFModels.pdf
SPIN rules - http://spinrdf.org
RDF Shape Expressions - http://w3.org/2013/ShEx/Examples/ + http://w3.org/2013/ShEx/Primer.html
Jena Eyeball
http://jena.apache.org/documentation/tools/eyeball-guide.html
http://jena.apache.org/documentation/tools/eyeball-manual.html
* vocabularies/schemas/ontologies
"Web Ontology Language Use Cases and Requirements" - http://w3.org/TR/webont-req/
http://daverog.wordpress.com/2013/05/30/ontologies-in-software-a-conflict-of-interest/
Web Ontology Language - https://github.com/brylevkirill/tech/blob/master/RDF/OWL.txt
registry of all vocabularies - http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/
most used terms/relations and vocabularies - http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/stats/
"Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology" - http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101.pdf
best practices for publishing schemas on the web - http://w3.org/TR/swbp-vocab-pub/
OWL Manchester Syntax (human-friendly) sample - https://dropbox.com/s/k1x2g6tthq5ggce/ontology.manchester_syntax.txt
RDF store access control - http://ns.bergnet.org/tac/0.1/triple-access-control.html
schema learning / ontology generating - http://gold.linkeddata.org/?p=59
schema mapping - http://umbel.org
* reasoning/inferencing/entailment
reasoning:
conjunctive query answering (checking presence of facts while deriving new facts from stored facts)
proof searching
consistency checking (check for presence of contradictions)
concept satisfiability (check for possibility of class to have any instances)
classification (compute subclass relations between classes to create complete hierarchy)
instance type checking (compute direct types for resource)
http://semanticweb.com/the-business-value-of-reasoning-with-ontologies_b38364
demonstrating reasoning in StarDog (great technical introduction) - http://docs.stardog.com/owl2/
demonstrating reasoning in Virtuoso - http://kidehen.blogspot.com/2014/01/demonstrating-reasoning-via-sparql.html
samples of OWL reasoning/inferencing - http://ksl.stanford.edu/software/jtp/doc/owl-reasoning.html
reasoning rules for RDFS and OWL description logics (formal defitions) -
https://dropbox.com/s/cewl9ls41kmdmch/rdfs-definition.n3
https://dropbox.com/s/4ksaj49yvt1o378/owl-definition.n3
several levels/profiles - RDFS (simplest), OWL-QL (large number of instances, limited expressivity, log space), OWL-RL (tradeoffs between QL and EL), OWL-EL (large number of classes/properties, polynomial time), OWL-DL (most rich expressivity)
implemented either through query rewriting or materialization of statements
(materialization can be seen as worse strategy because of data freshness, data size, multiple reasoning profiles, computing resources)
Pellet open-source reasoner for Jena and Stardog (support for OWL-DL as most powerful profile) - http://clarkparsia.com/pellet/ + https://github.com/clarkparsia/pellet
implementations of reasoners - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_reasoner
probabilistic reasoning over ontologies with uncertainty (Pronto extension for Pellet)
http://weblog.clarkparsia.com/2007/09/27/introducing-pronto/
http://weblog.clarkparsia.com/2007/10/02/using-pronto/
http://clarkparsia.com/files/pdf/Pronto-SemTech08.pdf
http://shcherbak.net/2009/03/nemnogo-o-neopredelennosti-i-nechetkosti-v-ontologiyax/
http://semanticfuture.net/index.php/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8
http://semanticfuture.net/index.php/Pronto
solving Sudoku problem using reasoning - http://eulersharp.sourceforge.net/2007/07test/sudoku_test
constructor for classes of description logic and evaluator of complexity of reasoning over them - http://cs.man.ac.uk/~ezolin/dl/
applications of reasoning:
medicine - http://slid.es/mhgrove/improving-healthcare-through-semantics
hardware complexity management in OS - http://inf.usi.ch/highlights/event/highlights_event_detail.htm?doc_id=23557
* reification
statements about statements (reification) in RDF 1.0 vs graphs about graphs (named graphs) in RDF 1.1
"RDF was shaped by the constraints of first order predicate logic. Allowing statements about statements into RDF model theory shifts that logic from first order predicate calculus, which does not
permit statements about statements, into second order predicate calculus.
The original concept of the Semantic Web steered clear of second order predicate calculus in order to avoid some pitfalls associated with previous knowledge representation frameworks."
proposal for reification in schema.org vocabulary - https://w3.org/wiki/images/b/b5/RolesinSchema.org.pdf
extension of the RDF data model and the SPARQL algebra that reconciles RDF Reification with statement-level metadata - RDF* and SPARQL*
http://blog.bigdata.com/?p=716 + http://bigdata.com/whitepapers/reifSPARQL.pdf
support in Systap Bigdata - http://systap.com/rdr
:bob foaf:name "Bob" .
<<:bob foaf:age 23>> dct:creator <http://example.com/crawlers#c1>
dct:source <http://example.net/homepage-listing.html> .
SELECT ?age ?src WHERE {
?bob foaf:name "Bob" .
<<?bob foaf:age ?age>> dct:source ?src .
}
* planning
HTN-DL planner (combines OWL-S and Pellet reasoner)
http://weblog.clarkparsia.com/2009/02/04/what-is-automated-planning
http://clarkparsia.com/talks/oap/
RESTdesc
http://notes.restdesc.org/2011/images/usecase-3.html
http://slideshare.net/RubenVerborgh/distributed-affordance-21175728
http://ruben.verborgh.org/phd/
* workflows / composition of web services
RESTdesc
http://slideshare.net/RubenVerborgh/distributed-affordance-21175728
http://ruben.verborgh.org/publications/coppens_cold_2013/
http://ruben.verborgh.org/phd/
* provenance
http://w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/What_Is_Provenance
http://slideshare.net/tdenies/20130722-tom-de-nies-method-2013
http://goo.gl/me15I
* annotations
http://openannotation.org/spec/core/
http://hypothes.is
* resource graph revisions/changes and diffs/patches
http://w3.org/TR/2014/WD-ldpatch-20140918/
http://afs.github.io/rdf-patch/
http://w3.org/2001/sw/wiki/PatchRequirements
http://w3.org/2009/12/rdf-ws/papers/ws07
* resource graph update subscriptions and notifications
OWLIM - http://owlim.ontotext.com/display/OWLIMv50/OWLIM-SE+Notifications
Jena - http://jena.apache.org/documentation/notes/event-handler-howto.html
* resource graph-level security
Jena (access restrictions to graphs and/or triples within the graphs) - http://jena.apache.org/documentation/security/
OpenLink Virtuoso - http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/dataspace/doc/dav/wiki/Main/VirtRDFGraphsSecurity
Universal Access Control for triplestores - https://bergnet.org/people/bergi/files/documents/2014-02-14/index.html
* full-text search extensions for query
http://answers.semanticweb.com/questions/8676/do-you-use-full-text-search-with-sparql-if-so-how-and-why
Jena - http://jena.apache.org/documentation/query/text-query.html
* analytics
http://slideshare.net/fadimaali/rdf-analytics-sparql-and-beyond
VisualDataWeb - visualizations of data web exposed via SPARQL end-point
interactive relationship discovery in RDF data - http://www.visualdataweb.org/relfinder.php
visual analysis of trends and correlations in RDF data - http://www.visualdataweb.org/semlens.php
graph-based faceted exploration of RDF data - http://www.visualdataweb.org/gfacet.php
hierarchical faceted exploration of RDF data - http://www.visualdataweb.org/tfacet.php
* visualization
Sgvizler framework - https://code.google.com/p/sgvizler/
timeline (zoomable) - http://sgvizler.googlecode.com/svn/release/0.5/example/exNPD8.html
graph with labelled curved edges (clickable, movable) - http://sgvizler.googlecode.com/svn/release/0.5/example/exEnhetsregisteret1.html
graph with unlabelled edges (clickable, moveable, zoomable) - http://sgvizler.googlecode.com/svn/release/0.5/example/exWorld7.html
hierarchy chart (clickable) - http://sgvizler.googlecode.com/svn/release/0.5/example/exNPD7.html
motion chart - http://sgvizler.googlecode.com/svn/release/0.5/example/exNPD5.html
Google Maps layer - http://sgvizler.googlecode.com/svn/release/0.5/example/exDBpedia1.html
pie chart - http://sgvizler.googlecode.com/svn/release/0.5/example/index.html
bar chart + geo chart - http://sgvizler.googlecode.com/svn/release/0.5/example/exWorld1.html
bubble chart - http://sgvizler.googlecode.com/svn/release/0.5/example/exWorld4.html
treemap - http://sgvizler.googlecode.com/svn/release/0.5/example/exNPD6.html
VisualBox framework - https://github.com/alangrafu/visualbox
demos - http://visualbox.org/demos/home.html
http://slideshare.net/alangrafu/visualizations-using-visual-box
creation of visualization - https://github.com/alangrafu/visualbox/wiki/How-to-create-a-new-visualization
http://mkbergman.com/414/large-scale-rdf-graph-visualization-tools/
http://semanticscience.wordpress.com/2010/02/17/visualisation-of-ontologies-and-large-scale-graphs/
http://answers.semanticweb.com/questions/1071/visualisation-toolkits-for-rdf
visualization strategies - https://github.com/timrdf/vsr/wiki
* semantic UI
https://w3.org/community/rdfjs/wiki/Comparison_of_RDFJS_libraries
RDF JavaScript Libraries W3C Community Group -
http://w3.org/community/groups/proposed/#rdfjs
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rdfjs
semantic Web Components - http://video.dataversity.net/video/semantic-web-components/
FluidOps Information Workbench - auto-generated Linked Data UI with support for widgets and customizations
http://iwb.fluidops.com
http://youtube.com/watch?v=_9Lu7cVIRSw
http://fluidops.com/information-workbench/
LodLive - web of data browser
http://youtube.com/watch?v=3bt7XpgXPuc
http://en.lodlive.it
https://github.com/dvcama/LodLive
HTML5PivotViewer - pivoted Linked Data browser in HTML5
http://youtube.com/watch?v=JVwInt2nTuk
original Pivot by Microsoft - http://youtube.com/watch?v=BZuFUZpEZ-A
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-lod/2013Jun/0095.html
https://github.com/openlink/html5pivotviewer
LODSPeaKr - linked data publishing framework
http://alangrafu.github.io/lodspeakr/applications.html
https://github.com/alangrafu/lodspeakr
SPARQL query editors
http://yasgui.laurensrietveld.nl + https://github.com/LaurensRietveld/yasgui/
https://github.com/epimorphics/qonsole
* context
context-aware presentation of resources - http://ns.inria.fr/prissma/v2/prissma_v2.html
* RDF dataset autodiscovery
http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/dataset-autodiscovery.html
"Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID Vocabulary" - http://w3.org/TR/void/
* specialized categories of RDF data
data beyond graphs - http://w3.org/2013/04/odw/odw13_submission_53.pdf
tabular data in CSV-LD - https://w3.org/2013/csvw/wiki/CSV-LD
geo data - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoSPARQL
temporal data - http://blog.mynarz.net/2013/07/capturing-temporal-dimension-of-linked.html
[RDF databases]
https://dropbox.com/s/esqw0qh3j08545y/Philip%20Howard%20-%20All%20About%20Graphs%3A%20A%20Primer.pdf
https://dropbox.com/s/tq4jwsw7905neza/Graph%20and%20RDF%20Databases%202015.pdf -
http://bloorresearch.com/technology/graph-databases/
http://bloorresearch.com/research/market-update/graph-rdf-databases-2015/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_database
http://semanticweb.com/introduction-to-triplestores_b34996
http://forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2015/04/06/the-hype-around-graph-databases-and-why-it-matters/
http://insideanalysis.com/2015/01/the-graph-database-and-the-rdf-database/
Graph and RDF databases in 2015 - https://dropbox.com/s/ts9kse7j5xv1bxb/tak-bloor.pdf
"A Survey of RDF Data Management Systems" - http://arxiv.org/abs/1601.00707
RDF triple stores overview - http://garshol.priv.no/blog/231.html
features of RDF store - http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/rdf-quad-store/?gclid=CLn8jdun4LUCFat7cAodwU0AXQ
popularity ranking - http://db-engines.com/en/ranking/rdf+store
evaluation/comparison of RDF stores - http://eprints.cs.univie.ac.at/2833/1/europeana_ts_report.pdf
analysis of commercial RDF database market - http://weblog.clarkparsia.com/2010/09/23/the-rdf-database-market/
list of RDF stores - http://w3.org/2001/sw/wiki/Category:Triple_Store
large stores - http://w3.org/wiki/LargeTripleStores
comparison of RDF stores - http://garshol.priv.no/blog/231.html
comparison of RDF stores for Wikidata - https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1MXikljoSUVP77w7JKf9EXN40OB-ZkMqT8Y5b2NYVKbU
about performance, scalability, availability, security of SPARQL end-point - https://plus.google.com/112399767740508618350/posts/UN6XyT4Xbcs
performance of SPARQL in Virtuoso on store with 150B triples - http://static.lod2.eu/Deliverables/D2.1.4.pdf
performance of SPARQL vs SQL in Virtuso for analytics benchmark - http://goo.gl/0Q38OV
performance benchmarks - http://w3.org/wiki/RdfStoreBenchmarking
Berlin SPARQL performance benchmark -
http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/bizer/berlinsparqlbenchmark/
biological data performance benchmark -
http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3471352/
http://thinklinks.wordpress.com/2013/04/03/5-heuristics-for-writing-better-sparql-queries/
[native graph stores]
* Amazon Neptune
large-scale, low latency, graph database that supports both RDF graphs and property graphs, along with their respective query languages SPARQL and TinkerPop Gremlin
https://aws.amazon.com/neptune/
based on Systap Blazegraph [https://trademarkia.com/blazegraph-86498414.html] [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15808379]
* Stardog
"You want to defer the schema, to partially define it incrementally, to enforce it, to infer from it. No technology offers more schema flexibility than RDF & OWL."
http://slides.com/mhgrove/stardog-unleashed-in-nyc/
http://slid.es/kendallclark/stardog-20
http://presentboldly.com/kendall/stardog-21/7
http://slid.es/mhgrove/semantic-graphs-are-for-everyone
http://slides.com/mhgrove/fighting-sepsis
very focused on query performance
best results both on BSBM benchmark for OLTP (e-commerce use-case, 3M queries per hour on 100M triples, 500K on 1B and 20K on 10B)
best results on SP2B benchmark for OLAP (bibliography use-case)
very focused on storage scale-up
support for 50B triples on machine with 256Gb memory and for 10B+ triples with 2Gb memory
loading 100m triples in 3m, 1B triples in 30m, 20B triples in 20h
around 300000 triples per second indexing speed for 20B dataset
performance and scalability improvements (query, data loading, reasoning) in version 2.1
http://weblog.clarkparsia.com/2014/01/10/scalability-improvements-in-stardog-21/
http://highscalability.com/blog/2014/1/20/8-ways-stardog-made-its-database-insanely-scalable.html
custom made memory management scheme out of JVM heap with pauseless garbage collection
used by NASA -
https://stardog.com/blog/nasas-knowledge-graph/
https://blog.stardog.com/nasa-stardogs-going-to-mars/
http://w3.org/blog/2011/05/semantic-web-its-not-rocket-sc/
used by BestBuy for product search API - http://semanticweb.com/best-buy-releases-like-for-like-metis-api_b35328
features - http://docs.stardog.com/timeline/ + http://docs.stardog.com/RELEASE_NOTES.txt
* integrity constraints validation
http://docs.stardog.com/icv/
http://w3.org/2012/12/rdf-val/submissions/Stardog
http://w3.org/2001/sw/wiki/images/6/61/Stardog_ICV_RDF_Validation_Workshop.pdf
sample code - https://gist.github.com/mhgrove/1333767 + https://gist.github.com/evren/5612900
either called on-demand for whole database or called automatically for updated data on transaction commit
constraints defined using OWL axioms, SPARQL queries or SWRL rules (which are interpreted with closed-world assumption and weak unique-name assumption)
possibility to translate and return all constraints as SPARQL queries
possibility to return explanation and proof tree for each detected violation - http://docs.stardog.com/owl2/#sd-Proof-Trees
"Supervisor subClassOf supervises some Employee" violated by "Alice a Supervisor" which is explained as
"VIOLATED Supervisor subClassOf (supervises some Employee) ASSERTED Alice a Supervisor NOT_INFERRED x a Employee Alice supervises x"
possibility to enable inference during validation
"Stardog ICV isn't merely a system that tells a user that data is wrong in some way, but tells users why it's wrong and what they can do to repair it"
"Stardog ICV can also work transparently with any SPARQL query answering system"
constraint in natural language:
"If a project is funded by only internal funding sources then it should be approved by the internal budget office"
and corresponding constraint in OWL Manchester syntax:
"Project and (fundedBy only InternalFundingSource) rdfs:subClassOf approvedBy value InternalBudgetOffice"
sample OWL schema for validation - https://dropbox.com/s/k1x2g6tthq5ggce/ontology.manchester_syntax.txt
* reasoning (outstanding support) - http://docs.stardog.com/owl2/
reasoning defined using OWL axioms, user-defined SPARQL-based rules or SWRL rules, such as
"IF { $x a :Person, :Male; :hasSibling/:isParentOf [a :Female] } THEN { $x a :UncleOfNiece . }"
configurable levels of reasoning (per database and per session) - NONE, RDFS, QL, RL, EL, SL, DL
backward-chaining reasoning through query rewriting
possibility to find and return proof tree with steps for inferencing arbitrary given triples
"Stardog can provide reasoning for any other SPARQL query answering system, transparently"
* ACID transactions
* full text, semantically typed search - http://docs.stardog.com/using/#sd-Searching
* provenance
* record-level access control with permissions assigned to user or role - http://docs.stardog.com/security/
* graph version control (git-like history of revisions and reverting them)
* high availability cluster - http://docs.stardog.com/cluster/
* semi-automated repair plans for integrity constraint violations
* reification (support for named statements in addition to named graphs)
* named graph security (analogous to row-based and table-based security)
* SPARQL Federated Query support
* virtual graphs and R2RML support
* property graph model, Gremlin query language and Apache TinkerPop 3 APIs support
* graph analytics features (graph measures, clustering, path-finding) embedded into SPARQL - https://twitter.com/stardog_db/status/464772464686661632/photo/1 + https://gist.github.com/kendall/8423194
client-server or embedded
CLI and shell
REST API - http://docs.stardog.apiary.io + bingings - https://github.com/antoniogarrote/stardog-rb
Jena and Sesame APIs
web front-end (console for administration and exploration) - http://docs.stardog.com/console/
access and audit logging
JMX Monitoring
online/hot backups
configuration options for database - http://docs.stardog.com/admin/#sd-Database-Admin
no support for event listeners
no support for stored procedures (in plans)
features used for application in synthetic biology - https://plus.google.com/106211035436647659652/posts/LMGzmQaM62o
poll for features - http://stardog.wufoo.com/forms/z7x3x5/
advanced features in roadmap for near future (graph traversal, statistical/probabilistic inference) + for far future (machine learning, planning, ontology modularization) - http://clarkparsia.com/pellet/server/docs/features/
"175kloc - 100kloc for reasoners, other bits + test suite 71kloc"
10000+ autotests
editions - enterprise commercial, developer commercial, restricted free
closed-source
developed in Java
Stardog Web
UI framework based on Backbone.js and Bootstrap for building client-side MVC applications that use RDF, SPARQL, rules, OWL, REST CRUD, Linked Data, JS visualization, authentication, authorization
http://slid.es/kendallclark/introducing-stardog-web
will be released in 2014
client code samples in Java - https://github.com/Complexible/stardog-examples/
OWL UML-style schema editor - http://owlgred.lumii.lv + http://owlgred.lumii.lv/publications/OWLGrEdS_-_a_Graphical_Schema_Editing_for_StarDog_OWL-RDF-Databases.pdf
interview with creator - http://reddit.com/r/semanticweb/comments/1mhytv/ama_i_am_the_creator_of_stardog_empire_and_pelorus/
in development since 2008
* Systap Blazegraph (former Bigdata)
http://blazegraph.com
"Market leader since 2006 in providing high performance, scalable solutions for graphs. The Bigdata platform supports both Semantic Web (RDF/SPARQL) and Graph Database (tinkerpop, blueprints, vertex-centric) APIs. It features robust, scalable, fault-tolerant, enterprise-class storage and query, and high-availability with online backup, failover and self-healing. Bigdata® powers many high profile enterprise applications for customers including Syapse, EMC, AutoDesk, and Yahoo!7"
https://vimeo.com/134042340
selected as a store for Wikidata -
http://blog.blazegraph.com/?p=826
https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata-tech/2015-March/000740.html
http://mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikibase/Indexing
http://mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_query_service
https://www.mail-archive.com/wikidata-l@lists.wikimedia.org/msg05601.html
https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-sparql-dev/2015JanMar/0031.html
introduction - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/gremlin-users/hc3wo431JO0/RpHPLA98yfwJ
APIs - http://wiki.bigdata.com/wiki/index.php/Main_Page
architecture - http://bigdata.com/whitepapers/bigdata_architecture_whitepaper.pdf
GPL2 without restrictions on commercial usage
optional transactions with snapshot isolation (MVCC on single machine or replication cluster, two-phase commit on federation cluster)
immortal database with data view at any point in history with configurable retention period
very high concurrency
very high aggregate IO rates
scales to 50B triples and 50k-80k/s insert rate on single machine and to trillions on sharded cluster of 10s or 100s machines
distributed processing offers greater throughput but does not reduce query or update latency
- embedded database mode
- single machine mode
- highly available non-sharded replication cluster mode (with ACID, linear scaling of query and automatic failover)
- horizontally sharded scaled-out cluster mode (with shard-wise ACID, dynamic partitioning of graph and incremental cluster size growth)
support for extension of RDF data model (RDF*) and SPARQL algebra (SPARQL*) that reconciles RDF Reification with statement-level metadata (RDR ~ RDF Done Right) - http://blog.bigdata.com/?p=716
Blueprints API support
graph analytics platform
Gather Apply Scatter graph traversal API based on vertex-centric approach by Google Pregel - http://wiki.bigdata.com/wiki/index.php/RDF_GAS_API
packaged with CPU-enabled version of massively parallel graph processing engine MapGraph (GPU-enabled and Multi-GPU version scheduled in next release) - http://mapgraph.io (up to 2B edges on single GPU)
plans to enable world's fastest SPARQL end-point - http://blog.bigdata.com/?p=601
full text search support
SPARQL Federated Query support
entailment through both materialization at load time (for RDF Schema) and at query time (for custom rules)
IChangeLog interface for intercepting queries and transactions
possibility to implement custom service to add application specific behaviors
overview - http://snee.com/bobdc.blog/2016/05/trying-out-blazegraph.html
* OpenLink Virtuoso
introduction - https://plus.google.com/112399767740508618350/posts/LKbAU6JmZ6f
features - http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/rdf-quad-store/?gclid=CLn8jdun4LUCFat7cAodwU0AXQ
open-source and commercial license - http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/features-comparison-matrix/
https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource
performance of SPARQL in Virtuoso RDF store vs SQL in analytics benchmark - http://goo.gl/0Q38OV
RDF database and relational database in one
support for transient RDF views over internal relational model or over external SQL database (no support for the latter in open-source edition)
clustered version - http://docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso/clusteroperation.html + http://openlinksw.com/weblog/oerling/?id=1622
graph-level security - http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/dataspace/doc/dav/wiki/Main/VirtRDFGraphsSecurity
possibility to use SPARQL and SQL together
support for SPARQL Federated query
no support for integrity constraints
no support for OWL2 reasoning
support only for reasoning over "subTypeOf, subPropertyOf, inverseOf (+ SymmetricProperty), InverseFunctionalProperty(+ inverseOf FunctionalProperty), TransitiveProperty"
developed in C++
support for 500B triples - http://openlinksw.com/dataspace/doc/oerling/weblog/Orri%20Erling's%20Blog/1767
* GraphDB (former OWLIM)
http://ontotext.com/owlim
http://ontotext.com/owlim/editions
http://owlim.ontotext.com/display/OWLIMv53/OWLIM-SE+Fact+Sheet
http://ontotext.com/sites/default/files/owlim/OWLIM_FactForge_jul10.pdf
OWLIM Enterprise | Replication Cluster (multiple master nodes which perform load balancing and orchestrate synchronization) - http://ontotext.com/owlim/replication-cluster
OWLIM on Amazon Web Services - http://ontotext.com/owlim/owlim-in-the-cloud + http://slideshare.net/marin_dimitrov/owlimaws
partner of FluidOps - http://ontotext.com/news/fluidOps_TeamUp
based on Sesame library for API and storage
APIs - http://ontotext.com/OWLIM/access-methods
reasoning through materialization of inferred statements by OWLIM Reasoner
async update events (clients can subscribe and react to addition/removal of triples matching given patterns and start/completion of transaction) both local and remote (JMX as transport) - http://owlim.ontotext.com/display/OWLIMv50/OWLIM-SE+Notifications
higher levels of transaction isolation
online backups
nested repositories
integration with Apache Jena
full-text search via Lucene
RDF rank (PageRank for nodes in graph)
developed in Java
* SPARQL City
http://sparqlcity.com
"SPARQL City is a provider of a Hadoop based graph analytics engine that brings to bear the performance and ease-of-use characteristics of massively parallel analytic databases on the world of graph data. The resulting product is built-around modern open standards and delivers orders of magnitude improvements in performance and scale over existing solutions while running on commodity hardware."
http://sparqlcity.com/documentation/
http://sparqlcity.com/why-sparql
focused on OLAP scenarios and not on OLTP ones
very high performance and highly scalable implementation of SPARQL 1.1
scalability to hundreds of nodes
ACID
MongoDB or Cassandra as persistent storage back-end
SPARQL extensions for analytics
access control
open-source
predicate attributes
from creators of Amazon Redshift - http://sparqlvillage.org/about/
* Google's BadWolf
temporal graph store abstraction layer
https://github.com/google/badwolf
http://go-talks.appspot.com/github.com/google/badwolf/docs/presentations/2016/06/21/ottawa-graph-meetup.slide
* Google's Cayley
https://github.com/cayleygraph/cayley/
http://google-opensource.blogspot.ru/2014/06/cayley-graphs-in-go.html
Gremlin query language as JavaScript code - http://sql2gremlin.com
* LevelGraph
https://github.com/mcollina/levelgraph
https://github.com/mcollina/levelgraph-jsonld
no support for SPARQL
* BrightstarDB
http://brightstardb.com
ORM and LINQ provider for .NET applications
support for arbitrary RFD storage as backend
* Algebraix
* Sesame
SAIL API (which enables arbitrary storage backend, such as graph database via TinkerPop Linked Data Sail - https://github.com/tinkerpop/blueprints/wiki/Sail-Implementation such as Titan graph database)
possibility to expose repository via servlet container
possibility to use PostgreSQL, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle as backend
support for RDFS reasoning, no support for OWL2 reasoning
used by FluidOps
open-source
developed in Java
* Apache Jena
update events - http://jena.apache.org/documentation/notes/event-handler-howto.html
support for relational database as storage backend
support for JSON-LD - https://github.com/afs/jena-jsonld
graph-level security - http://jena.apache.org/documentation/security/
full-text search - http://jena.apache.org/documentation/query/text-query.html
support for Hadoop - http://jena.staging.apache.org/documentation/hadoop/
support for JDBC - http://jena.apache.org/documentation/jdbc/index.html
transactions support - http://jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/tdb_transactions.html
developed in Java
* YarcData Urika
http://yarcdata.com
hardware appliance by Cray - http://cray.com/Products/BigData/uRiKA.aspx
[relational DBMS-backed stores]
* Oracle 11g database
http://download.oracle.com/otndocs/products/semantic_tech/pdf/12c/rdfsemanticgraph_12c_fo.pdf
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E16655_01/appdev.121/e17895/toc.htm
* IBM DB2 10.5 Enterprise (RDF Store feature)
http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/db2/linux-unix-windows/features.html
http://goo.gl/kcLGlN
https://ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/nlp/resource/DB2_NoSQLGraphStore.pdf
* RDFLib
https://rdflib.readthedocs.org + https://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib/
support for remote SPARQL endpoint as storage backend - https://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib-sparql
support for PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLLite as storage backend - https://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib-sqlalchemy
support for LevelDB as storage backend - https://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib-leveldb
support for JSON-LD - https://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib-jsonld + https://github.com/digitalbazaar/pyld
FuXi reasoner - https://code.google.com/p/fuxi/ + https://code.google.com/p/fuxi/wiki/Tutorial
ORM for RDF graph and SPARQL - http://openvest.com/trac/wiki/RDFAlchemy
developed in Python
BSD license
* libRDF + RedStore