CLR (Common Language Runtime) is the runtime environment of the .NET Framework that is responsible for compiling, interpreting, and executing .NET code.
When a .NET program is compiled, the compiler produces an executable file that contains the Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) code. This MSIL code is hardware-independent and can be executed on any platform that is compatible with .NET.
In addition, the CLR also provides services such as:
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The garbage collector (GC): Is responsible for freeing the memory used by objects that are no longer in use, which simplifies the programmer's job in manual memory management.
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Exception handling: Allows the programmer to handle the errors and exceptions that may occur during program execution.
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Code security: Ensures that the code runs in a secure and controlled environment.
In summary, CLR is a key part of the .NET Framework and is responsible for ensuring that .NET programs run efficiently, safely, and reliably on any platform that is compatible with .NET.