The change from enzyme v2.x to v3.x is a more significant change than in previous major releases, due to the fact that the internal implementation of enzyme has been almost completely rewritten.
The goal of this rewrite was to address a lot of the major issues that have plagued enzyme since its initial release. It was also to simultaneously remove a lot of the dependencies that enzyme has on React internals, and to make enzyme more "pluggable", paving the way for enzyme to be used with "React-like" libraries such as Preact and Inferno.
We have done our best to make enzyme v3 as API compatible with v2.x as possible, however there are a handful of breaking changes that we decided we needed to make, intentionally, in order to support this new architecture and also improve the usability of the library long-term.
Airbnb has one of the largest enzyme test suites, coming in at around 30,000 enzyme unit tests. After upgrading enzyme to v3.x in Airbnb's code base, 99.6% of these tests succeeded with no modifications at all. Most of the tests that broke we found to be easy to fix, and some we found to actually depend on what could arguably be considered a bug in v2.x, and the breakage was actually desired.
In this guide, we will go over a couple of the most common breakages that we ran into, and how to fix them. Hopefully this will make your upgrade path that much easier. If during your upgrade you find a breakage that doesn't seem to make sense to you, feel free to file an issue.
enzyme now has an "Adapter" system. This means that you now need to install enzyme along with another module that provides the Adapter that tells enzyme how to work with your version of React (or whatever other React-like library you are using).
At the time of writing this, enzyme publishes "officially supported" adapters for React 0.13.x,
0.14.x, 15.x, and 16.x. These adapters are npm packages of the form enzyme-adapter-react-{{version}}.
You will want to configure enzyme with the adapter you'd like to use before using enzyme in your
tests. The way to do this is with enzyme.configure(...). For example, if your project depends
on React 16, you would want to configure enzyme this way:
import Enzyme from 'enzyme';
import Adapter from 'enzyme-adapter-react-16';
Enzyme.configure({ adapter: new Adapter() });The list of adapter npm packages for React semver ranges are as follows:
| enzyme Adapter Package | React semver compatibility |
|---|---|
enzyme-adapter-react-16 |
^16.4.0-0 |
enzyme-adapter-react-16.3 |
~16.3.0-0 |
enzyme-adapter-react-16.2 |
~16.2 |
enzyme-adapter-react-16.1 |
~16.0.0-0 || ~16.1 |
enzyme-adapter-react-15 |
^15.5.0 |
enzyme-adapter-react-15.4 |
15.0.0-0 - 15.4.x |
enzyme-adapter-react-14 |
^0.14.0 |
enzyme-adapter-react-13 |
^0.13.0 |
enzyme's new architecture means that the react "render tree" is transformed into an intermediate
representation that is common across all react versions so that enzyme can properly traverse it
independent of React's internal representations. A side effect of this is that enzyme no longer
has access to the actual object references that were returned from render in your React
components. This normally isn't much of a problem, but can manifest as a test failure in some
cases.
For example, consider the following example:
import React from 'react';
import Icon from './path/to/Icon';
const ICONS = {
success: <Icon name="check-mark" />,
failure: <Icon name="exclamation-mark" />,
};
const StatusLabel = ({ id, label }) => <div>{ICONS[id]}{label}{ICONS[id]}</div>;import { shallow } from 'enzyme';
import StatusLabel from './path/to/StatusLabel';
import Icon from './path/to/Icon';
const wrapper = shallow(<StatusLabel id="success" label="Success" />);
const iconCount = wrapper.find(Icon).length;In v2.x, iconCount would be 1. In v3.x, it will be 2. This is because in v2.x it would find all
of the elements matching the selector, and then remove any duplicates. Since ICONS.success is
included twice in the render tree, but it's a constant that's reused, it would show up as a
duplicate in the eyes of enzyme v2.x. In enzyme v3, the elements that are traversed are
transformations of the underlying react elements, and are thus different references, resulting in
two elements being found.
Although this is a breaking change, I believe the new behavior is closer to what people would actually expect and want. Having enzyme wrappers be immutable results in more deterministic tests that are less prone to flakiness from external factors.
In enzyme v2, executing an event that would change a component state (and in turn update props) would return those updated props via the .props method.
Now, in enzyme v3, you are required to re-find the component; for example:
class Toggler extends React.Component {
constructor(...args) {
super(...args);
this.state = { on: false };
}
toggle() {
this.setState(({ on }) => ({ on: !on }));
}
render() {
const { on } = this.state;
return (<div id="root">{on ? 'on' : 'off'}</div>);
}
}
it('passes in enzyme v2, fails in v3', () => {
const wrapper = mount(<Toggler />);
const root = wrapper.find('#root');
expect(root.text()).to.equal('off');
wrapper.instance().toggle();
expect(root.text()).to.equal('on');
});
it('passes in v2 and v3', () => {
const wrapper = mount(<Toggler />);
expect(wrapper.find('#root').text()).to.equal('off');
wrapper.instance().toggle();
expect(wrapper.find('#root').text()).to.equal('on');
});enzyme has a .children() method which is intended to return the rendered children of a wrapper.
When using mount(...), it can sometimes be unclear exactly what this would mean. Consider for
example the following react components:
class Box extends React.Component {
render() {
const { children } = this.props;
return <div className="box">{children}</div>;
}
}
class Foo extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<Box bam>
<div className="div" />
</Box>
);
}
}Now lets say we have a test which does something like:
const wrapper = mount(<Foo />);At this point, there is an ambiguity about what wrapper.find(Box).children() should return.
Although the <Box ... /> element has a children prop of <div className="div" />, the actual
rendered children of the element that the box component renders is a <div className="box">...</div>
element.
Prior enzyme v3, we would observe the following behavior:
wrapper.find(Box).children().debug();
// => <div className="div" />In enzyme v3, we now have .children() return the rendered children. In other words, it returns
the element that is returned from that component's render function.
wrapper.find(Box).children().debug();
// =>
// <div className="box">
// <div className="div" />
// </div>This may seem like a subtle difference, but making this change will be important for future APIs we would like to introduce.
In some cases find will return a host node and DOM node. Take the following for example:
const Foo = () => <div/>;
const wrapper = mount(
<div>
<Foo className="bar" />
<div className="bar"/>
</div>
);
console.log(wrapper.find('.bar').length); // 2
Since <Foo/> has the className bar it is returned as the hostNode. As expected the <div> with the className bar is also returned
To avoid this you can explicity query for the DOM node: wrapper.find('div.bar'). Alternatively if you would like to only find host nodes use hostNodes()
React applications are dynamic. When testing your react components, you often want to test them
before and after certain state changes take place. When using mount, any react component
instance in the entire render tree could register code to initiate a state change at any time.
For instance, consider the following contrived example:
import React from 'react';
class CurrentTime extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
now: Date.now(),
};
}
componentDidMount() {
this.tick();
}
componentWillUnmount() {
clearTimeout(this.timer);
}
tick() {
this.setState({ now: Date.now() });
this.timer = setTimeout(tick, 0);
}
render() {
const { now } = this.state;
return <span>{now}</span>;
}
}In this code, there is a timer that continuously changes the rendered output of this component. This might be a reasonable thing to do in your application. The thing is, enzyme has no way of knowing that these changes are taking place, and no way to automatically update the render tree. In enzyme v2, enzyme operated directly on the in-memory representation of the render tree that React itself had. This means that even though enzyme couldn't know when the render tree was updated, updates would be reflected anyway, since React does know.
enzyme v3 architecturally created a layer where React would create an intermediate representation of the render tree at an instance in time and pass that to enzyme to traverse and inspect. This has many advantages, but one of the side effects is that now the intermediate representation does not receive automatic updates.
enzyme does attempt to automatically "update" the root wrapper in most common scenarios, but these
are only the state changes that it knows about. For all other state changes, you may need to call
wrapper.update() yourself.
The most common manifestation of this problem can be shown with the following example:
class Counter extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = { count: 0 };
this.increment = this.increment.bind(this);
this.decrement = this.decrement.bind(this);
}
increment() {
this.setState(({ count }) => ({ count: count + 1 }));
}
decrement() {
this.setState(({ count }) => ({ count: count - 1 }));
}
render() {
const { count } = this.state;
return (
<div>
<div className="count">Count: {count}</div>
<button type="button" className="inc" onClick={this.increment}>Increment</button>
<button type="button" className="dec" onClick={this.decrement}>Decrement</button>
</div>
);
}
}This is a basic "counter" component in React. Here our resulting markup is a function of
this.state.count, which can get updated by the increment and decrement functions. Let's take a
look at what some enzyme tests with this component might look like, and when we do or don't have to
call update().
const wrapper = shallow(<Counter />);
wrapper.find('.count').text(); // => "Count: 0"As we can see, we can easily assert on the text and the count of this component. But we haven't
caused any state changes yet. Let's see what it looks like when we simulate a click event on
the increment and decrement buttons:
const wrapper = shallow(<Counter />);
wrapper.find('.count').text(); // => "Count: 0"
wrapper.find('.inc').simulate('click');
wrapper.find('.count').text(); // => "Count: 1"
wrapper.find('.inc').simulate('click');
wrapper.find('.count').text(); // => "Count: 2"
wrapper.find('.dec').simulate('click');
wrapper.find('.count').text(); // => "Count: 1"In this case enzyme will automatically check for updates after an event simulation takes place, as it knows that this is a very common place for state changes to occur. In this case there is no difference between v2 and v3.
Let's consider a different way this test could have been written.
const wrapper = shallow(<Counter />);
wrapper.find('.count').text(); // => "Count: 0"
wrapper.instance().increment();
wrapper.find('.count').text(); // => "Count: 0" (would have been "Count: 1" in v2)
wrapper.instance().increment();
wrapper.find('.count').text(); // => "Count: 0" (would have been "Count: 2" in v2)
wrapper.instance().decrement();
wrapper.find('.count').text(); // => "Count: 0" (would have been "Count: 1" in v2)The problem here is that once we grab the instance using wrapper.instance(), enzyme has no way of
knowing if you are going to execute something that will cause a state transition, and thus does not
know when to ask for an updated render tree from React. As a result, .text() never changes value.
The fix here is to use enzyme's wrapper.update() method after a state change has occurred:
const wrapper = shallow(<Counter />);
wrapper.find('.count').text(); // => "Count: 0"
wrapper.instance().increment();
wrapper.update();
wrapper.find('.count').text(); // => "Count: 1"
wrapper.instance().increment();
wrapper.update();
wrapper.find('.count').text(); // => "Count: 2"
wrapper.instance().decrement();
wrapper.update();
wrapper.find('.count').text(); // => "Count: 1"In practice we have found that this isn't actually needed that often, and when it is it is not difficult to add. Additionally, having the enzyme wrapper automatically update alongside the real render tree can result in flaky tests when writing asynchronous tests. This breaking change was worth the architectural benefits of the new adapter system in v3, and we believe is a better choice for an assertion library to take.
In enzyme v2, the wrapper returned from mount(...) had a prototype method on it ref(refName)
that returned a wrapper around the actual element of that ref. This has now been changed to
return the actual ref, which we believe is a more intuitive API.
Consider the following simple react component:
class Box extends React.Component {
render() {
return <div ref="abc" className="box">Hello</div>;
}
}In this case we can call .ref('abc') on a wrapper of Box. In this case it will return a wrapper
around the rendered div. To demonstrate, we can see that both wrapper and the result of ref(...)
share the same constructor:
const wrapper = mount(<Box />);
// this is what would happen with enzyme v2
expect(wrapper.ref('abc')).toBeInstanceOf(wrapper.constructor);In v3, the contract is slightly changed. The ref is exactly what React would assign as the ref. In this case, it would be a DOM Element:
const wrapper = mount(<Box />);
// this is what happens with enzyme v3
expect(wrapper.ref('abc')).toBeInstanceOf(Element);Similarly, if you have a ref on a composite component, the ref(...) method will return an instance
of that element:
class Bar extends React.Component {
render() {
return <Box ref="abc" />;
}
}const wrapper = mount(<Bar />);
expect(wrapper.ref('abc')).toBeInstanceOf(Box);In our experience, this is most often what people would actually want and expect out of the .ref(...)
method.
To get the wrapper that was returned by enzyme 2:
const wrapper = mount(<Bar />);
const refWrapper = wrapper.findWhere((n) => n.instance() === wrapper.ref('abc'));enzyme now allows for you to grab the instance() of a wrapper at any level of the render tree,
not just at the root. This means that you can .find(...) a specific component, then grab its
instance and call .setState(...) or any other methods on the instance that you'd like.
For mount wrappers, the .getNode() method used to return the actual component instance. This
method no longer exists, but .instance() is functionally equivalent to what .getNode() used to
be.
For shallow wrappers, if you were previously using .getNode(), you will want to replace those
calls with .getElement(), which is now functionally equivalent to what .getNode() used to do.
One caveat is that previously .getNode() would return the actual element instance that was
created in the render function of the component you were testing, but now it will be a
structurally equal react element, but not referentially equal. Your tests will need to be updated to
account for this.
There are several properties that are on an enzyme "wrapper" that were considered to be private and
were undocumented as a result. Despite being undocumented, people may have been relying on them. In
an effort to make making changes less likely to be accidentally breaking in the future, we have
decided to make these properties properly "private". The following properties will no longer be
accessible on enzyme shallow or mount instances:
.node.nodes.renderer.unrendered.root.options
enzyme's top level render API returns a Cheerio object.
The version of Cheerio that we use has been upgraded to 1.0.0. For debugging issues across enzyme
v2.x and v3.x with the render API, we recommend checking out Cheerio's Changelog and
posting an issue on that repo instead of enzyme's unless you believe it is a bug in enzyme's use
of the library.
enzyme v3 now uses a real CSS selector parser rather than its own incomplete parser implementation. This is done with rst-selector-parser a fork of scalpel which is a CSS parser implemented with nearley. We don't think this should cause any breakages across enzyme v2.x to v3.x, but if you believe you have found something that did indeed break, please file an issue with us. Thank you to Brandon Dail for making this happen!
enzyme v3 now returns all nodes in the result set and not just html nodes. Consider this example:
const HelpLink = ({ text, ...rest }) => <a {...rest}>{text}</a>;
const HelpLinkContainer = ({ text, ...rest }) => (
<HelpLink text={text} {...rest} />
);
const wrapper = mount(<HelpLinkContainer aria-expanded="true" text="foo" />);In enzyme v3, the expression wrapper.find("[aria-expanded=true]").length) will
return 3 and not 1 as in previous versions. A closer look using
debug reveals:
// console.log(wrapper.find('[aria-expanded="true"]').debug());
<HelpLinkContainer aria-expanded={true} text="foo">
<HelpLink text="foo" aria-expanded="true">
<a aria-expanded="true">
foo
</a>
</HelpLink>
</HelpLinkContainer>
<HelpLink text="foo" aria-expanded="true">
<a aria-expanded="true">
foo
</a>
</HelpLink>
<a aria-expanded="true">
foo
</a>To return only the html nodes use the
hostNodes() function.
wrapper.find("[aria-expanded=true]").hostNodes().debug() will now return:
<a aria-expanded="true">foo</a>;We have updated enzyme to consider node "equality" in a semantically identical way to how react
treats nodes. More specifically, we've updated enzyme's algorithms to treat undefined props as
equivalent to the absence of a prop. Consider the following example:
class Foo extends React.Component {
render() {
const { foo, bar } = this.props;
return <div className={foo} id={bar} />;
}
}With this component, the behavior in enzyme v2.x the behavior would have been like:
const wrapper = shallow(<Foo />);
wrapper.equals(<div />); // => false
wrapper.equals(<div className={undefined} id={undefined} />); // => trueWith enzyme v3, the behavior is now as follows:
const wrapper = shallow(<Foo />);
wrapper.equals(<div />); // => true
wrapper.equals(<div className={undefined} id={undefined} />); // => trueenzyme v2.x had an optional flag that could be passed in to all shallow calls which would make it
so that more of the component's lifecycle methods were called (such as componentDidMount and
componentDidUpdate).
With enzyme v3, we have now turned on this mode by default, instead of making it opt-in. It is now possible to opt-out instead. Additionally, you can now opt-out at a global level.
If you'd like to opt out globally, you can run the following:
import Enzyme from 'enzyme';
Enzyme.configure({ disableLifecycleMethods: true });This will default enzyme back to the previous behavior globally. If instead you'd only like to opt enzyme to the previous behavior for a specific test, you can do the following:
import { shallow } from 'enzyme';
// ...
const wrapper = shallow(<Component />, { disableLifecycleMethods: true });