Delete All Directories / Files
sudo rm -R / <br />
or
sudo rm -r / <br />
or
sudo rm -f /* <br />
or
sudo rm --no-preserve-root -rf / <br />
cp,mv,cd,cd .., touch, cat, mkdir, rmdir, pwd, ls, vi, vim, nano, date, time, history, df, dpkg --list, <br />
du, free, uname -a, hostname -I, top, man, info, passwd, whatis, ping -4 websiteName, ip a | egrep "inet ", <br />
sudo, sudo -i, sudo -s, apt, apt-get,sudo apt update, sudo apt-get update, apt-get upgrade, apt-get update, apt-get install, <br />
sudo apt-get remove, sudo apt-get purge, apt-get autoremove <br />
Apache <br />
Nginx <br />
PHP <br />
MySql <br />
PHPMYADMIN <br />
Apache Multi Sites Config <br />
How To Install Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP (LAMP Stack) On Ubuntu 20.04?
Linux is the operating system in the stack.
Apache is the web server in the stack.
MySQL is the database in the stack.
PHP is the programming language in the stack.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install apache2 -y
apt install mysql-server -y
sudo mysql_secure_installation
mysql -V
sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql -y
php -v
sudo ufw status
sudo ufw allow in "Apache Full"
http://<your server's IP>
/var/www/html
Out Site:
astechedu.local
sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf
sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/astechedu.local.conf
ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/astechedu.local.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/astechedu.local.conf
etc/apache2/sites-available/astechedu.local.conf
<Directory /var/www/html/astechedu.local/public>
Require all granted
</Directory>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName astechedu.local
ServerAlias www.astechedu.local
ServerAdmin sisaudiya@localhost
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/astechedu.local/public
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/astechedu.local/public
udo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/astechedu.local/public
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/astechedu.local/public
sudo a2ensite astechedu.local
sudo systemctl reload apache2
sudo nano /etc/hosts
120.0.0.1 astechedu.net www.astechedu.net
//File test.php
/var/www/html/astechedu.local/public/test.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
http://<your server's IP>/test.php
sudo mysql
CREATE DATABASE testDB;
CREATE USER 'phpUser'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';
GRANT ALL ON testDB.* TO 'phpUser'@'%';
CREATE TABLE testDB.breakfastMenu(food VARCHAR(50), description VARCHAR(255));
INSERT INTO testDB.breakfastMenu(food, description) VALUES ('Pepper and Egg With Giardiniera', 'Great Way To Start The Day');
exit
/var/www/html/astechedu.local/public/cherry.php
<?php
$DBconnect=mysqli_connect("localhost","phpUser","password","testDB");
$result = mysqli_query($DBconnect,"SELECT * FROM breakfastMenu");
while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result))
print_r($row['food']);
mysqli_close($DBconnect);
?>
//Uninstall Apache2 sudo apt remove apache2* sudo apt-get autoremove apache2 sudo apt-get purge apache2 apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2-common
sudo apt update sudo apt install apache2 apache2 -version
sudo ufw app list sudo ufw allow ‘Apache’ sudo ufw status sudo systemctl status apache2
hostname –I http://ip
//Create a directory for your domain
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/astechedu.net/html sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/astechedu.net/html sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/astechedu.net nano /var/www/astechedu.net/html/index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to astechedu.net!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>You are running astechedu.net on Ubuntu 20.04!</h1>
</body>
</html>
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/astechedu.net.conf //Create Vhost
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin admin@astechedu.net
ServerName astechedu.net
ServerAlias astechedu.net
DocumentRoot /var/www/astechedu.net/html
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
sudo a2ensite astechedu.net.conf //Vhsot config
sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf
sudo systemctl restart apache2
sudo apache2ctl configtest
sudo nano /etc/apache2/conf-available/astechedu.net.conf
ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/astechedu.net.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/astechedu.net.conf
ServerName astechedu.net
sudo a2enconf servername
sudo apache2ctl configtest
sudo nano /etc/hosts 120.0.0.1 astechedu.net www.astechedu.net
sudo systemctl start apache2
sudo systemctl stop apache2
sudo systemctl stop apache2
sudo systemctl reload apache2
sudo systemctl enable apache2
sudo systemctl disable apache2
Change in /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost astechedu.net
The location of the Apache configuration file
/etc/apache2/httpd.conf
/etc/apache2/apache2.conf
/etc/httpd/httpd.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/usr/local/etc/httpd/httpd.conf
/usr/sbin/apache2
/etc/apache2
/usr/lib/apache2
/usr/share/apache2
/usr/share/man/man8/apache2.8.gz
/usr/local/etc/httpd/httpd.conf
--> Uninstall NGINX
sudo apt purge nginx nginx-common nginx-core
-->Installation
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx
--> Adjusting the Firewall
sudo ufw app list
sudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP'
sudo ufw status
systemctl status nginx
curl -4 icanhazip.com
http://your_server_ip
-->Managing the Nginx Process
sudo systemctl stop nginx
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo systemctl reload nginx
sudo systemctl disable nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx
-->Setting Up Server Blocks (Recommended)
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/your_domain.net/html
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/your_domain.net/html
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/your_domain.net
sudo nano /var/www/your_domain.net/html/index.html
/var/www/your_domain.net/html/index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to your_domain.net!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Success! The your_domain.net server block is working!</h1>
</body>
</html>
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/your_domain.net
/etc/nginx/sites-available/your_domain.net
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
root /var/www/your_domain/html;
index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
server_name your_domain www.your_domain;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/your_domain.net /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
...
http {
...
server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
...
}
...
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl restart nginx
//The location of the NGINX configuration file //Getting Familiar with Important Nginx Files and Directories
/var/www/html //Content
/etc/nginx
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/sites-available/
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
/etc/nginx/snippets
/var/log/nginx/access.log //Server logs
/var/log/nginx/error.log
--> Copying Files to the New Location
grep -R "root" /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
Output
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/your_domain.net: root /var/www/your_domain.net/html;
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default: root /var/www/html;
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default: # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default:# root /var/www/your_domain;
sudo rsync -av /var/www/your_domain.net/html /mnt/volume-nyc3-01
Output:
sending incremental file list
created directory /mnt/volume-nyc3-01
html/
html/index.html
sent 318 bytes received 39 bytes 714.00 bytes/sec
total size is 176 speedup is 0.49
--> Updating the Configuration Files
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/your_domain.net
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/your_domain.net
server {
root /mnt/volume-nyc3-01/html;
index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
. . .
}
. . .
--> Restarting Nginx
sudo nginx -t
Output:
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo rm -Rf /var/www/your_domain.net/html
Important Nginx File Locations
By default, Nginx stores different configuration and log files in the following locations:
/var/www/html – Website content as seen by visitors.
/etc/nginx – Location of the main Nginx application files.
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf – The main Nginx configuration file.
/etc/nginx/sites-available – List of all websites configured through Nginx.
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled – List of websites actively being served by Nginx.
/var/log/nginx/access.log – Access logs tracking every request to your server.
/var/log/ngins/error.log – A log of any errors generated in Nginx.
mkdir -p /var/www/domain.com/public_html //Make a Directory for Each Site
mkdir -p /var/www/domain2.com/public_html
chmod -R 755 /var/www //Set Folder Permissions
vim /var/www/domain.com/public_html/index.html //Set up an Index Page
testing for domain.com
vim /var/www/domain2.com/public_html/index.html
//Copy the Config File for Each Site
cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/domain.com.conf
cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/domain2.com.conf
//Edit the Config File for Each Site
vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/domain.com.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin admin@example.com
ServerName domain.com
ServerAlias www.domain.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/domain.com/public_html
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
// Enable Your Config File
a2dissite 000-default.conf
a2ensite domain.com.conf
a2ensite domain2.com.conf
systemctl restart apache2
//Verify Apache Configurations
Example:
/etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
255.255.255.255 broadcasthost
::1 localhost
123.123.123.123 astechedu.com www.astechedu.com
//Uninstall PHP
sudo apt-get purge 'php*'
//Install PHP
sudo apt-get install apache2 php5 libapache2-mod-php5
OR
sudo apt-get install apache2 php libapache2-mod-php7.0 mysql-server php-mbstring php7.0-mbstring phpmyadmin //install
sudo service apache2 restart
OR sudo apt-get install -y php8.1-cli php8.1-common php8.1-mysql php8.1-zip php8.1-gd php8.1-mbstring php8.1-curl php8.1-xml php8.1-bcmath
This command will install the following modules:
php8.1-cli - command interpreter, useful for testing PHP scripts from a shell or performing general shell scripting tasks
php8.1-common - documentation, examples, and common modules for PHP
php8.1-mysql - for working with MySQL databases
php8.1-zip - for working with compressed files
php8.1-gd - for working with images
php8.1-mbstring - used to manage non-ASCII strings
php8.1-curl - lets you make HTTP requests in PHP
php8.1-xml - for working with XML data
php8.1-bcmath - used when working with precision floats
php -m //Listing php modules /etc/php/8.1/apache2/php.ini
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer -o /tmp/composer-setup.php //To install composer
HASH=`curl -sS https://composer.github.io/installer.sig`
echo $HASH
php -r "if (hash_file('SHA384', '/tmp/composer-setup.php') === '$HASH') { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink('composer-setup.php'); } echo PHP_EOL;"
sudo php /tmp/composer-setup.php --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer // /usr/local/bin composer
//Composer in php project
cd ~
mkdir example-project
cd example-project
composer init
//Testing php env
nano hello.php
<?php
echo 'Hello World!';
?>
php hello.php
will install everything you need and will start the apache server with support for PHP.
To verify that the php module is loaded, type: a2query -m php5
if not enabled, then load with: sudo a2enmod php5
and restart apache:
sudo service apache2 restart
//Install PHP as Apache Module
sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php8.0 libapache2-mod-php8.0 php8.0-mysql
sudo systemctl restart apache2
//Configure Apache with PHP-FPM
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php8.0-fpm libapache2-mod-fcgid
sudo a2enmod proxy_fcgi setenvif
sudo a2enconf php8.0-fpm
systemctl restart apache2
//Installing PHP 8.0 with Nginx
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php8.0-fpm
systemctl status php8.0-fpm
server {
# . . . other code
location ~ \.php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.0-fpm.sock;
}
}
sudo systemctl restart nginx
//Installing PHP extensions sudo apt install php8.0-[extname] sudo apt install php8.0-mysql php8.0-gd
//Uninstall MySql
sudo apt-get purge 'mysql*'
//Install MySql
cd /tmp
curl -OL https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.18-1_all.deb
ls
sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config*
sudo apt update
rm mysql-apt-config*
sudo apt update
sudo apt install mysql-server
sudo systemctl start mysql.service
sudo service mysql status
sudo mysql
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';
exit
mysql -u root -p
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH auth_socket;
sudo mysql_secure_installation
sudo mysql
mysql -u root -p
CREATE USER 'username'@'host' IDENTIFIED WITH authentication_plugin BY 'password';
CREATE USER 'sammy'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
CREATE USER 'sammy'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';
ALTER USER 'sammy'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';
GRANT PRIVILEGE ON database.table TO 'username'@'host';
GRANT CREATE, ALTER, DROP, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT, REFERENCES, RELOAD on *.* TO 'sammy'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'sammy'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit
mysql -u sammy -p
systemctl status mysql.service
sudo mysqladmin -p -u sammy version
//Uninstall PHPMYADMIN
//Install PHPMYADMIN
sudo apt update
sudo apt install phpmyadmin php-mbstring php-zip php-gd php-json php-curl
php-mbstring: A module for managing non-ASCII strings and convert strings to different encodings
php-zip: This extension supports uploading .zip files to phpMyAdmin
php-gd: Enables support for the GD Graphics Library
php-json: Provides PHP with support for JSON serialization
php-curl: Allows PHP to interact with different kinds of servers using different protocols
sudo mysql
mysql -u root -p
UNINSTALL COMPONENT "file://component_validate_password";
exit
sudo apt install phpmyadmin
INSTALL COMPONENT "file://component_validate_password";
sudo phpenmod mbstring
sudo systemctl restart apache2
sudo mysql
SELECT user,authentication_string,plugin,host FROM mysql.user;
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH caching_sha2_password BY 'password';
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';
SELECT user,authentication_string,plugin,host FROM mysql.user;
sudo mysql
mysql -u root -p
CREATE USER 'sammy'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH caching_sha2_password BY 'password';
ALTER USER 'sammy'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'sammy'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
exit
-OR This -
mysql -u root -p
mysql> create user 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES on "." TO 'admin'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
https://your_domain_or_IP/phpmyadmin
sudo nano /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf
/etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin>
Options SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
DirectoryIndex index.php
AllowOverride All
. . .
sudo systemctl restart apache2
sudo nano /usr/share/phpmyadmin/.htaccess
/usr/share/phpmyadmin/.htaccess
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Restricted Files"
AuthUserFile /etc/phpmyadmin/.htpasswd
Require valid-user
sudo htpasswd -c /etc/phpmyadmin/.htpasswd username
sudo htpasswd /etc/phpmyadmin/.htpasswd additionaluser
sudo systemctl restart apache2
https://domain_name_or_IP/phpmyadmin
Install Apache and PHP
sudo apt install apache2 wget unzip
sudo apt install php php-zip php-json php-mbstring php-mysql
sudo systemctl enable apache2
sudo systemctl start apache2
Install phpMyAdmin on Ubuntu 20.04
wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/5.1.1/phpMyAdmin-5.1.1-all-languages.zip
unzip phpMyAdmin-5.1.1-all-languages.zip
mv phpMyAdmin-5.1.1-all-languages /usr/share/phpmyadmin
Configure phpMyAdmin
sudo vi /etc/apache/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf
Alias /phpmyadmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin
Alias /phpMyAdmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/>
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
<IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
<RequireAny>
Require all granted
</RequireAny>
</IfModule>
</Directory>
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/setup/>
<IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
<RequireAny>
Require all granted
</RequireAny>
</IfModule>
</Directory>
sudo a2enconf phpmyadmin
sudo systemctl restart apache2
Adjusting FirewallD
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
--OR This--
mysql -u root -p
mysql> create user 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES on *.* TO 'admin'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Access phpMyAdmin
http://your-server-ip-domain/phpmyadmin
Alt + F Move forward one word
Alt + B Move backward one word
Ctrl + Shift + W Close the current tab
Ctrl + Shift + T Open new tab on current terminal
Ctrl + A Move cursor to beginning of line
Ctrl + E Move cursor to end of line
Ctrl + U Clears the entire current line
Ctrl + K Clears the command from the cursor right
Ctrl + W Delete the word before the cursor
Ctrl + R Allows you to search your history for commands matching what you have typed
Ctrl + C Kill the current process
Ctrl + Z Suspend the current process by sending the signal SIGSTOP
Ctrl + L Clears the terminal output
Ctrl + Shift + C Copy the highlighted command to the clipboard
Ctrl + Shift + V or Shift + Insert Paste the contents of the clipboard