diff --git a/.prettierignore b/.prettierignore
index 14ef4c357..d6e63a9d3 100644
--- a/.prettierignore
+++ b/.prettierignore
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ docs/*_*.md
 e2e/**/*-docs.md
 examples/**/*-docs.md
 js/private/coverage/coverage.js
-js/private/node-patches/fs.js
+js/private/node-patches/fs.cjs
 min/
 npm/private/test/vendored/
 js/private/worker/worker.js
 js/private/worker/src/worker_protocol.ts
-js/private/js_image_layer.mjs
\ No newline at end of file
+js/private/js_image_layer.mjs
diff --git a/docs/README.md b/docs/README.md
index 1da132199..cabddef55 100644
--- a/docs/README.md
+++ b/docs/README.md
@@ -187,11 +187,11 @@ load("@npm//:typescript/package_json.bzl", typescript_bin = "bin")
 typescript_bin.tsc(
     name = "compile",
     srcs = [
-        "fs.ts",
+        "fs.cts",
         "tsconfig.json",
         "//:node_modules/@types/node",
     ],
-    outs = ["fs.js"],
+    outs = ["fs.cjs"],
     chdir = package_name(),
     args = ["-p", "tsconfig.json"],
 )
diff --git a/e2e/bzlmod/package.json b/e2e/bzlmod/package.json
index 55a3bdb22..3a8254296 100644
--- a/e2e/bzlmod/package.json
+++ b/e2e/bzlmod/package.json
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 {
     "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
     "dependencies": {
         "chalk": "5.3.0",
         "less": "4.1.3",
diff --git a/e2e/js_image_docker/README.md b/e2e/js_image_docker/README.md
index 223fd77ce..cefc41e5f 100644
--- a/e2e/js_image_docker/README.md
+++ b/e2e/js_image_docker/README.md
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ app
 |   |   `-- js
 |   |       `-- private
 |   |           `-- node-patches
-|   |               |-- fs.js
-|   |               `-- register.js
+|   |               |-- fs.cjs
+|   |               `-- register.cjs
 |   |-- bazel_tools
 |   |   `-- tools
 |   |       `-- bash
diff --git a/e2e/js_image_oci/README.md b/e2e/js_image_oci/README.md
index f58857529..7e162ba4a 100644
--- a/e2e/js_image_oci/README.md
+++ b/e2e/js_image_oci/README.md
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ app
 |   |   `-- js
 |   |       `-- private
 |   |           `-- node-patches
-|   |               |-- fs.js
-|   |               `-- register.js
+|   |               |-- fs.cjs
+|   |               `-- register.cjs
 |   |-- bazel_tools
 |   |   `-- tools
 |   |       `-- bash
diff --git a/e2e/npm_link_package-esm/package.json b/e2e/npm_link_package-esm/package.json
index ae854800d..2353b9bb4 100644
--- a/e2e/npm_link_package-esm/package.json
+++ b/e2e/npm_link_package-esm/package.json
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 {
     "name": "simple",
+    "type": "module",
     "dependencies": {
         "@aspect-test/a": "5.0.2",
         "sharp": "0.32.1",
diff --git a/e2e/repo_mapping/package.json b/e2e/repo_mapping/package.json
index 8e6a823bd..dc5cb8af2 100644
--- a/e2e/repo_mapping/package.json
+++ b/e2e/repo_mapping/package.json
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 {
     "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
     "dependencies": {
         "chalk": "5.3.0"
     }
diff --git a/js/private/js_binary.bzl b/js/private/js_binary.bzl
index c29a50a2b..5baa777d7 100644
--- a/js/private/js_binary.bzl
+++ b/js/private/js_binary.bzl
@@ -315,11 +315,11 @@ _ATTRS = {
     "_windows_constraint": attr.label(default = "@platforms//os:windows"),
     "_node_patches_files": attr.label_list(
         allow_files = True,
-        default = [Label("@aspect_rules_js//js/private/node-patches:fs.js")],
+        default = [Label("@aspect_rules_js//js/private/node-patches:fs.cjs")],
     ),
     "_node_patches": attr.label(
         allow_single_file = True,
-        default = Label("@aspect_rules_js//js/private/node-patches:register.js"),
+        default = Label("@aspect_rules_js//js/private/node-patches:register.cjs"),
     ),
 }
 
diff --git a/js/private/node-patches/BUILD.bazel b/js/private/node-patches/BUILD.bazel
index 03a32ecf2..d6af777ee 100644
--- a/js/private/node-patches/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/js/private/node-patches/BUILD.bazel
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ load("@aspect_bazel_lib//lib:write_source_files.bzl", "write_source_files")
 write_source_files(
     name = "checked_in_compile",
     files = {
-        "fs.js": "//js/private/node-patches/src:fs-generated.js",
+        "fs.cjs": "//js/private/node-patches/src:fs-generated.cjs",
     },
 )
 
 exports_files([
-    "fs.js",
-    "register.js",
+    "fs.cjs",
+    "register.cjs",
 ])
diff --git a/js/private/node-patches/fs.js b/js/private/node-patches/fs.cjs
similarity index 100%
rename from js/private/node-patches/fs.js
rename to js/private/node-patches/fs.cjs
diff --git a/js/private/node-patches/register.js b/js/private/node-patches/register.cjs
similarity index 97%
rename from js/private/node-patches/register.js
rename to js/private/node-patches/register.cjs
index 607afeb37..944e576ae 100644
--- a/js/private/node-patches/register.js
+++ b/js/private/node-patches/register.cjs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-const patchfs = require('./fs').patcher
+const patchfs = require('./fs.cjs').patcher
 const {
     JS_BINARY__FS_PATCH_ROOTS,
     JS_BINARY__LOG_DEBUG,
diff --git a/js/private/node-patches/src/BUILD.bazel b/js/private/node-patches/src/BUILD.bazel
index 5b6ffc67b..5ed1769c5 100644
--- a/js/private/node-patches/src/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/js/private/node-patches/src/BUILD.bazel
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ load("@npm//:typescript/package_json.bzl", typescript_bin = "bin")
 typescript_bin.tsc(
     name = "compile",
     srcs = [
-        "fs.ts",
+        "fs.cts",
         "tsconfig.json",
         "//:node_modules/@types/node",
     ],
     outs = [
-        "fs.js",
+        "fs.cjs",
     ],
     args = [
         "-p",
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ typescript_bin.tsc(
 
 genrule(
     name = "fs_generated",
-    srcs = ["fs.js"],
-    outs = ["fs-generated.js"],
-    cmd = "echo \"// Generated by //js/private/node-patches:compile\" > $@ && cat $(execpath :fs.js) >> $@",
+    srcs = ["fs.cjs"],
+    outs = ["fs-generated.cjs"],
+    cmd = "echo \"// Generated by //js/private/node-patches:compile\" > $@ && cat $(execpath :fs.cjs) >> $@",
     visibility = ["//js/private/node-patches:__pkg__"],
 )
diff --git a/js/private/node-patches/src/fs.ts b/js/private/node-patches/src/fs.cts
similarity index 100%
rename from js/private/node-patches/src/fs.ts
rename to js/private/node-patches/src/fs.cts
diff --git a/js/private/node-patches/src/tsconfig.json b/js/private/node-patches/src/tsconfig.json
index a171f2e0d..c8f887d64 100644
--- a/js/private/node-patches/src/tsconfig.json
+++ b/js/private/node-patches/src/tsconfig.json
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
         "module": "commonjs",
         "target": "es2017"
     },
-    "include": ["*.ts"]
+    "include": ["*.cts"]
 }
diff --git a/js/private/test/image/checksum.expected b/js/private/test/image/checksum.expected
index 559f95e36..d4ed000c6 100644
--- a/js/private/test/image/checksum.expected
+++ b/js/private/test/image/checksum.expected
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-71282f1d6f069723a2030909e98cfbc181430da6e33a1158cca1112c8705ad9a  js/private/test/image/cksum_app.tar
-1158897106dbb52f3fcd7b5c5c6ea9f3e4a992fa701041b7756c0e4cb6f7a8b3  js/private/test/image/cksum_node.tar
+f600a91e4d70057892e2a548d9cc6072a2afce6e091afa97184ee159bd012a13  js/private/test/image/cksum_app.tar
+c603eafdacc184f3df28ef966704cd580bf5f53c7d599f77132abaac45c110fc  js/private/test/image/cksum_node.tar
 c7e5a122704601296eed4b106e5a323ab8fc267c36355784a9538aff9b7ed20b  js/private/test/image/cksum_node_modules.tar
 9395e137de4767edfdd663bc6010a597844bdb68663f8b3ecb036175122bcb2f  js/private/test/image/cksum_package_store_1p.tar
 842c83159aa2f59c53678ed4cc7d0e23d7e1ea9de0f80af272d1694300bd8012  js/private/test/image/cksum_package_store_3p.tar
diff --git a/js/private/test/image/custom_owner_app.listing b/js/private/test/image/custom_owner_app.listing
index 21e2f6ac0..e66a07da0 100644
--- a/js/private/test/image/custom_owner_app.listing
+++ b/js/private/test/image/custom_owner_app.listing
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ drwxr-xr-x  0 100    0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.ru
 drwxr-xr-x  0 100    0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test
 drwxr-xr-x  0 100    0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image
 drwxr-xr-x  0 100    0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image/bin_
--r-xr-xr-x  0 100    0       23908 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image/bin_/bin
+-r-xr-xr-x  0 100    0       23910 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image/bin_/bin
 drwxr-xr-x  0 100    0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image/bin_node_bin
 -r-xr-xr-x  0 100    0         133 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image/bin_node_bin/node
 -r-xr-xr-x  0 100    0          20 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image/main.js
diff --git a/js/private/test/image/custom_owner_node.listing b/js/private/test/image/custom_owner_node.listing
index 0278e3fe1..cc78f0f82 100644
--- a/js/private/test/image/custom_owner_node.listing
+++ b/js/private/test/image/custom_owner_node.listing
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ drwxr-xr-x  0 100    0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.ru
 drwxr-xr-x  0 100    0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js
 drwxr-xr-x  0 100    0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private
 drwxr-xr-x  0 100    0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/node-patches
--r-xr-xr-x  0 100    0       32555 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/node-patches/fs.js
--r-xr-xr-x  0 100    0        1698 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/node-patches/register.js
+-r-xr-xr-x  0 100    0       32555 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/node-patches/fs.cjs
+-r-xr-xr-x  0 100    0        1702 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/node-patches/register.cjs
 drwxr-xr-x  0 100    0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/nodejs_linux_amd64
 drwxr-xr-x  0 100    0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/nodejs_linux_amd64/bin
 drwxr-xr-x  0 100    0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/nodejs_linux_amd64/bin/nodejs
diff --git a/js/private/test/image/default_app.listing b/js/private/test/image/default_app.listing
index ebc885a4d..d43c9ff84 100644
--- a/js/private/test/image/default_app.listing
+++ b/js/private/test/image/default_app.listing
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ drwxr-xr-x  0 0      0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.ru
 drwxr-xr-x  0 0      0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test
 drwxr-xr-x  0 0      0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image
 drwxr-xr-x  0 0      0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image/bin_
--r-xr-xr-x  0 0      0       23908 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image/bin_/bin
+-r-xr-xr-x  0 0      0       23910 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image/bin_/bin
 drwxr-xr-x  0 0      0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image/bin_node_bin
 -r-xr-xr-x  0 0      0         133 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image/bin_node_bin/node
 -r-xr-xr-x  0 0      0          20 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/test/image/main.js
diff --git a/js/private/test/image/default_node.listing b/js/private/test/image/default_node.listing
index b063f3798..bd8ba9e16 100644
--- a/js/private/test/image/default_node.listing
+++ b/js/private/test/image/default_node.listing
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ drwxr-xr-x  0 0      0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.ru
 drwxr-xr-x  0 0      0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js
 drwxr-xr-x  0 0      0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private
 drwxr-xr-x  0 0      0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/node-patches
--r-xr-xr-x  0 0      0       32555 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/node-patches/fs.js
--r-xr-xr-x  0 0      0        1698 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/node-patches/register.js
+-r-xr-xr-x  0 0      0       32555 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/node-patches/fs.cjs
+-r-xr-xr-x  0 0      0        1702 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/aspect_rules_js/js/private/node-patches/register.cjs
 drwxr-xr-x  0 0      0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/nodejs_linux_amd64
 drwxr-xr-x  0 0      0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/nodejs_linux_amd64/bin
 drwxr-xr-x  0 0      0           0 Jan  1  1970 app/js/private/test/image/bin.runfiles/nodejs_linux_amd64/bin/nodejs
diff --git a/js/private/test/node-patches/escape.js b/js/private/test/node-patches/escape.js
index ac83864f7..9761f352b 100644
--- a/js/private/test/node-patches/escape.js
+++ b/js/private/test/node-patches/escape.js
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
  */
 const assert = require('assert')
 const path = require('path')
-const escapeFunction = require('../../node-patches/src/fs').escapeFunction
-const isSubPath = require('../../node-patches/src/fs').isSubPath
+const escapeFunction = require('../../node-patches/src/fs.cjs').escapeFunction
+const isSubPath = require('../../node-patches/src/fs.cjs').isSubPath
 
 // We don't want to bring jest into this repo so we just fake the describe and it functions here
 async function describe(_, fn) {
diff --git a/js/private/test/node-patches/lstat.js b/js/private/test/node-patches/lstat.js
index 138cb826c..1c3c8e7d5 100644
--- a/js/private/test/node-patches/lstat.js
+++ b/js/private/test/node-patches/lstat.js
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ const withFixtures = require('inline-fixtures').withFixtures
 const path = require('path')
 const util = require('util')
 
-const patcher = require('../../node-patches/src/fs').patcher
+const patcher = require('../../node-patches/src/fs.cjs').patcher
 
 // We don't want to bring jest into this repo so we just fake the describe and it functions here
 async function describe(_, fn) {
diff --git a/js/private/test/node-patches/opendir.js b/js/private/test/node-patches/opendir.js
index 8e844a6b5..f6c4dd462 100644
--- a/js/private/test/node-patches/opendir.js
+++ b/js/private/test/node-patches/opendir.js
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ const withFixtures = require('inline-fixtures').withFixtures
 const path = require('path')
 const util = require('util')
 
-const patcher = require('../../node-patches/src/fs').patcher
+const patcher = require('../../node-patches/src/fs.cjs').patcher
 
 // We don't want to bring jest into this repo so we just fake the describe and it functions here
 async function describe(_, fn) {
diff --git a/js/private/test/node-patches/readdir.js b/js/private/test/node-patches/readdir.js
index b227a6af2..df3ce626d 100644
--- a/js/private/test/node-patches/readdir.js
+++ b/js/private/test/node-patches/readdir.js
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ const withFixtures = require('inline-fixtures').withFixtures
 const path = require('path')
 const util = require('util')
 
-const patcher = require('../../node-patches/src/fs').patcher
+const patcher = require('../../node-patches/src/fs.cjs').patcher
 
 // We don't want to bring jest into this repo so we just fake the describe and it functions here
 async function describe(_, fn) {
diff --git a/js/private/test/node-patches/readlink.js b/js/private/test/node-patches/readlink.js
index bd18a3850..21797a8f7 100644
--- a/js/private/test/node-patches/readlink.js
+++ b/js/private/test/node-patches/readlink.js
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ const withFixtures = require('inline-fixtures').withFixtures
 const path = require('path')
 const util = require('util')
 
-const patcher = require('../../node-patches/src/fs').patcher
+const patcher = require('../../node-patches/src/fs.cjs').patcher
 
 // We don't want to bring jest into this repo so we just fake the describe and it functions here
 async function describe(_, fn) {
diff --git a/js/private/test/node-patches/realpath.js b/js/private/test/node-patches/realpath.js
index 39b8d9a1b..c316387e2 100644
--- a/js/private/test/node-patches/realpath.js
+++ b/js/private/test/node-patches/realpath.js
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ const withFixtures = require('inline-fixtures').withFixtures
 const path = require('path')
 const util = require('util')
 
-const patcher = require('../../node-patches/src/fs').patcher
+const patcher = require('../../node-patches/src/fs.cjs').patcher
 
 // We don't want to bring jest into this repo so we just fake the describe and it functions here
 async function describe(_, fn) {
diff --git a/js/private/test/snapshots/bzlmod/launcher.sh b/js/private/test/snapshots/bzlmod/launcher.sh
index 16938dc01..106b436e3 100644
--- a/js/private/test/snapshots/bzlmod/launcher.sh
+++ b/js/private/test/snapshots/bzlmod/launcher.sh
@@ -434,9 +434,9 @@ fi
 
 if [ "${JS_BINARY__NO_RUNFILES:-}" ]; then
     export JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES
-    JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES=$(resolve_execroot_src_path "js/private/node-patches/register.js")
+    JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES=$(resolve_execroot_src_path "js/private/node-patches/register.cjs")
 else
-    export JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES="$JS_BINARY__RUNFILES/_main/js/private/node-patches/register.js"
+    export JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES="$JS_BINARY__RUNFILES/_main/js/private/node-patches/register.cjs"
 fi
 if [ ! -f "$JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES" ]; then
     logf_fatal "node patches '%s' not found" "$JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES"
diff --git a/js/private/test/snapshots/wksp/launcher.sh b/js/private/test/snapshots/wksp/launcher.sh
index f3c4dd14c..29501144f 100644
--- a/js/private/test/snapshots/wksp/launcher.sh
+++ b/js/private/test/snapshots/wksp/launcher.sh
@@ -434,9 +434,9 @@ fi
 
 if [ "${JS_BINARY__NO_RUNFILES:-}" ]; then
     export JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES
-    JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES=$(resolve_execroot_src_path "js/private/node-patches/register.js")
+    JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES=$(resolve_execroot_src_path "js/private/node-patches/register.cjs")
 else
-    export JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES="$JS_BINARY__RUNFILES/aspect_rules_js/js/private/node-patches/register.js"
+    export JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES="$JS_BINARY__RUNFILES/aspect_rules_js/js/private/node-patches/register.cjs"
 fi
 if [ ! -f "$JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES" ]; then
     logf_fatal "node patches '%s' not found" "$JS_BINARY__NODE_PATCHES"