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README.md
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README.md

42cursus' netwhat

About · Index · Useful Links · Study Summary

🗣️ About

"This project is an introduction to network problematics"

For detailed information, refer to the subject of this project.

🚀 TLDR: this project consists of an online test with 20 questions (check some examples in the
"questions" folder) about the subjects detailed in the Study Summary section (see below).

📑 Index

@root

  • 📁 ip_calc - program to calculate information about IP addresses, a very helpful tool when taking the netwhat test.
  • 📁 questions - screenshots of the questions answered on the netwhat test.
  • answer.txt file submitted to the project.

📌 Useful Links

🤓 Study Summary

1. IP (Internet Protocol)

  • IPv4 address size: 32 bits.
  • IPv6 address size: 128 bits.
  • Ping uses ICMP protocol.

a) IP classes

  • Ranges from A to E.
  • "A" is the IP address class that has the most host addresses available by default.
  • "C" is the default IP address class available.
  • The default subnet mask for a class C network is 255.255.255.0
  • Summary:
Class Starting Bits Start End Qty. Possible Addresses CIDR (network-machines) Default subnet mask
Class A 0 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 16.777.214 /8 (1 byte - 3 bytes) 255.0.0.0
Class B 10 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 65.535 /16 (2 bytes - 2 bytes) 255.255.0.0
Class C 110 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 256 /24 (3 bytes - 1 byte) 255.255.255.0
Class D 1110 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 Not defined
Class E 1111 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 Not defined

b) Private IP addresses

  • Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (total of 16.777.216 IP addresses);
  • Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 (total of 1.048.576 IP addresses);
  • Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (total of 65.536 IP addresses).

4. DNS

  • "Domain name system" translates internet domain names and host names into IP addresses.

5. TCP

  • TCP does not support broadcasting.
  • TCP is comparatively slower than UDP.
  • TCP provides extensive error checking mechanisms. It is because it provides flow control and acknowledgement of data.
  • TCP is reliable as it guarantees delivery of data to the destination router.
  • Sequencing of data is a feature of TCP (this means that packets arrive in-order at the receiver).
  • TCP is a connection-oriented protocol.

6. UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

  • UDP supports broadcasting.
  • UDP is faster, simpler and more efficient than TCP.
  • UDP is a datagram-oriented protocol.
  • UDP only has the basic error control mechanism.
  • The delivery of data to the destination cannot be guaranteed in UDP.
  • There is no sequencing of data in UDP. If ordering is required, it has to be managed by the application layer.

7. DHCP

  • Supports both IPv4 and IPv6.
  • Uses the UDP protocol at the Transport Layer.
  • Mechanism that automates IP configuration, including IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS information.

8. OSI model

  • Layers: Application, Presentation, Session Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical.