Allow register_catalog to return an Error

[alamb]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.
We have a custom catalog implementation in IOx that implements SchemaProvider. However, in our usecase I don't want to allow users to register new schemas via SQL (and would like to return an Error about 'not supported')

However, the current API only returns a Option:

https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/blob/3ec0d55c736aecef5051311e639836aecbde7f51/datafusion/src/catalog/catalog.rs#L150-L154

Describe the solution you'd like
return a Result<Option<.>> and default the implementation to "registering new schemas is not supported"

Additional context
Found while updating datafusion in IOx: #2048