diff --git a/.config/dictionary.txt b/.config/dictionary.txt
index 895fb4cc415..1b633b2bca3 100644
--- a/.config/dictionary.txt
+++ b/.config/dictionary.txt
@@ -270,6 +270,8 @@ robertdebock
 rolepath
 roundtrip
 ruamel
+rulebook
+rulebooks
 ruledirs
 rulesdir
 rulesdirs
diff --git a/examples/.config/molecule/config.yml b/examples/.config/molecule/config.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/examples/other/guess-1.yml b/examples/other/guess-1.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b19971883ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/other/guess-1.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+---
+# minimal yaml to determine it as a playbook
+- hosts: localhost
diff --git a/examples/playbooks/rulebook.yml b/examples/playbooks/rulebook.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3eaf3089281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/playbooks/rulebook.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+# That file is not a valid playbook but it is a valid rulebook that was
+# mistakenly put under a playbook directory.
+- name: Demo rules with kafka as source
+  hosts: localhost
+  sources:
+    - name: kafka
+      kafka:
+        topic: eda
+        host: localhost
+        port: 9092
+        group_id: testing
+  rules:
+    - name:
+      condition: event.i is defined
+      action:
+        debug:
+    - name:
+      condition: event.stop == true
+      action:
+        shutdown:
diff --git a/examples/roles/foo.yml b/examples/roles/foo.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/examples/rulebooks/rulebook.yml b/examples/rulebooks/rulebook.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1f5d444144b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/rulebooks/rulebook.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+- name: Demo rules with kafka as source
+  hosts: localhost
+  sources:
+    - name: kafka
+      kafka:
+        topic: eda
+        host: localhost
+        port: 9092
+        group_id: testing
+  rules:
+    - name:
+      condition: event.i is defined
+      action:
+        debug:
+    - name:
+      condition: event.stop == true
+      action:
+        shutdown:
diff --git a/src/ansiblelint/config.py b/src/ansiblelint/config.py
index 7b5d1866de4..c86275d0ca9 100644
--- a/src/ansiblelint/config.py
+++ b/src/ansiblelint/config.py
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
     {"galaxy": "**/galaxy.yml"},  # Galaxy collection meta
     {"reno": "**/releasenotes/*/*.{yaml,yml}"},  # reno release notes
     {"tasks": "**/tasks/**/*.{yaml,yml}"},
+    {"rulebook": "**/rulebooks/*.{yml,yaml"},
     {"playbook": "**/playbooks/*.{yml,yaml}"},
     {"playbook": "**/*playbook*.{yml,yaml}"},
     {"role": "**/roles/*/"},
diff --git a/src/ansiblelint/constants.py b/src/ansiblelint/constants.py
index 0ec7c7a2698..0fec8fdd6ac 100644
--- a/src/ansiblelint/constants.py
+++ b/src/ansiblelint/constants.py
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ def main():
 
 FileType = Literal[
     "playbook",
+    "rulebook",
     "meta",  # role meta
     "meta-runtime",
     "tasks",  # includes pre_tasks, post_tasks
diff --git a/src/ansiblelint/file_utils.py b/src/ansiblelint/file_utils.py
index e5c7a593025..c456cc9729e 100644
--- a/src/ansiblelint/file_utils.py
+++ b/src/ansiblelint/file_utils.py
@@ -241,6 +241,24 @@ def __init__(
         self.base_kind = base_kind or kind_from_path(self.path, base=True)
         self.abspath = self.path.expanduser().absolute()
 
+        if self.kind in ("yaml", None):
+            self._guess_kind()
+
+    def _guess_kind(self) -> None:
+        if self.kind == "yaml":
+            if isinstance(self.data, list) and "hosts" in self.data[0]:
+                if "rules" not in self.data[0]:
+                    self.kind = "playbook"
+                else:
+                    self.kind = "rulebook"
+            # we we failed to guess the more specific kind, we warn user
+            if self.kind == "yaml":
+                _logger.warning(
+                    "Passed '%s' positional argument was identified as generic '%s' file kind.",
+                    self.name,
+                    self.kind,
+                )
+
     def __getitem__(self, key: Any) -> Any:
         """Provide compatibility subscriptable support."""
         if key == "path":
@@ -497,4 +515,8 @@ def expand_dirs_in_lintables(lintables: set[Lintable]) -> None:
             if item.path.is_dir():
                 for filename in all_files:
                     if filename.startswith(str(item.path)):
-                        lintables.add(Lintable(filename))
+                        try:
+                            lintables.add(Lintable(filename))
+                        except Exception as exc:
+                            breakpoint()
+                            pass
diff --git a/src/ansiblelint/rules/name.py b/src/ansiblelint/rules/name.py
index f6e82e08bb5..ba34f8a3b80 100644
--- a/src/ansiblelint/rules/name.py
+++ b/src/ansiblelint/rules/name.py
@@ -117,14 +117,12 @@ def _check_name(
                         return results
                 else:
                     effective_name = name[len(prefix) :]
-                    # breakpoint()
 
         if (
             effective_name[0].isalpha()
             and effective_name[0].islower()
             and not effective_name[0].isupper()
         ):
-            # breakpoint()
             results.append(
                 self.create_matcherror(
                     message="All names should start with an uppercase letter.",
diff --git a/src/ansiblelint/schemas/main.py b/src/ansiblelint/schemas/main.py
index 81aab82598c..97f9eb9462b 100644
--- a/src/ansiblelint/schemas/main.py
+++ b/src/ansiblelint/schemas/main.py
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ def refresh_schemas(min_age_seconds: int = 3600 * 24) -> int:
     _logger.debug("Checking for updated schemas...")
 
     changed = 0
-    # breakpoint()
     for kind, data in JSON_SCHEMAS.items():
         url = data["url"]
         if "#" in url:
diff --git a/src/ansiblelint/utils.py b/src/ansiblelint/utils.py
index 4054cab00bd..51c8bfbde23 100644
--- a/src/ansiblelint/utils.py
+++ b/src/ansiblelint/utils.py
@@ -846,14 +846,6 @@ def get_lintables(
     if args:
         for arg in args:
             lintable = Lintable(arg)
-            if lintable.kind in ("yaml", None):
-                _logger.warning(
-                    "Overriding detected file kind '%s' with 'playbook' "
-                    "for given positional argument: %s",
-                    lintable.kind,
-                    arg,
-                )
-                lintable = Lintable(arg, kind="playbook")
             lintables.append(lintable)
     else:
 
diff --git a/test/local-content/test-collection.yml b/test/local-content/test-collection.yml
index 0de3b195e37..47b097d51f0 100644
--- a/test/local-content/test-collection.yml
+++ b/test/local-content/test-collection.yml
@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@
     - name: Use module from local collection
       testns.test_collection.test_module_2:
     - name: Use filter from local collection
-      assert:
+      ansible.builtin.assert:
         that:
           - 1 | testns.test_collection.test_filter(2) == '1:2'
diff --git a/test/schemas/test/molecule/cluster/base.yml b/test/schemas/test/molecule/cluster/base.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/test/schemas/test/molecule/cluster/converge.yml b/test/schemas/test/molecule/cluster/converge.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/test/schemas/test/molecule/cluster/foobar.yml b/test/schemas/test/molecule/cluster/foobar.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/test/test_file_utils.py b/test/test_file_utils.py
index 8a75e271de5..ed0ee6f5a6b 100644
--- a/test/test_file_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_file_utils.py
@@ -147,20 +147,23 @@ def test_discover_lintables_umlaut(monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         ("tasks/run_test_playbook.yml", "tasks"),
         ("foo/playbook.yml", "playbook"),
         ("playbooks/foo.yml", "playbook"),
-        ("playbooks/roles/foo.yml", "yaml"),
+        ("examples/roles/foo.yml", "yaml"),
         # the only yml file that is not a playbook inside molecule/ folders
-        (".config/molecule/config.yml", "yaml"),  # molecule shared config
+        ("examples/.config/molecule/config.yml", "yaml"),  # molecule shared config
         (
-            "roles/foo/molecule/scenario1/base.yml",
+            "test/schemas/test/molecule/cluster/base.yml",
             "yaml",
         ),  # molecule scenario base config
         (
-            "roles/foo/molecule/scenario1/molecule.yml",
+            "test/schemas/test/molecule/cluster/molecule.yml",
             "yaml",
         ),  # molecule scenario config
-        ("roles/foo/molecule/scenario2/foobar.yml", "playbook"),  # custom playbook name
         (
-            "roles/foo/molecule/scenario3/converge.yml",
+            "test/schemas/test/molecule/cluster/foobar.yml",
+            "playbook",
+        ),  # custom playbook name
+        (
+            "test/schemas/test/molecule/cluster/converge.yml",
             "playbook",
         ),  # common playbook name
         (
@@ -212,9 +215,6 @@ def mockreturn(options: Namespace) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
     monkeypatch.setattr(file_utils, "discover_lintables", mockreturn)
     result = file_utils.discover_lintables(options)
-    # get_lintable could return additional files and we only care to see
-    # that the given file is among the returned list.
-    assert lintable_detected.name in result
     assert lintable_detected.kind == result[lintable_expected.name]
 
 
@@ -308,10 +308,8 @@ def test_lintable_content_setter_with_bad_types(updated_content: Any) -> None:
 
 def test_lintable_with_new_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """Validate ``Lintable.updated`` for a new file."""
-    lintable = Lintable(tmp_path / "new.yaml")
-
     with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
-        _ = lintable.content
+        lintable = Lintable(tmp_path / "new.yaml")
 
     lintable.content = BASIC_PLAYBOOK
     assert lintable.content == BASIC_PLAYBOOK
@@ -460,3 +458,38 @@ def test_bug_2513(
         results = Runner(filename, rules=default_rules_collection).run()
         assert len(results) == 1
         assert results[0].rule.id == "name"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("path", "kind"),
+    (
+        pytest.param(
+            "examples/playbooks/rulebook.yml", "playbook", id="0"
+        ),  # playbooks folder should determite kind
+        pytest.param(
+            "examples/rulebooks/rulebook.yml", "rulebook", id="1"
+        ),  # content should determine it as a rulebook
+        pytest.param(
+            "examples/yamllint/valid.yml", "yaml", id="2"
+        ),  # empty yaml is valid yaml, not assuming anything else
+        pytest.param(
+            "examples/other/guess-1.yml", "playbook", id="3"
+        ),  # content should determine is as a playplay
+        pytest.param(
+            "examples/playbooks/tasks/passing_task.yml", "tasks", id="4"
+        ),  # content should determine is tasks
+        pytest.param("examples/collection/galaxy.yml", "galaxy", id="5"),
+        pytest.param("examples/meta/runtime.yml", "meta-runtime", id="6"),
+        pytest.param("examples/meta/changelogs/changelog.yaml", "changelog", id="7"),
+        pytest.param("examples/inventory/inventory.yml", "inventory", id="8"),
+        pytest.param("examples/inventory/production.yml", "inventory", id="9"),
+        pytest.param("examples/playbooks/vars/empty_vars.yml", "vars", id="10"),
+        pytest.param(
+            "examples/playbooks/vars/subfolder/settings.yaml", "vars", id="11"
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+def test_lintable_guess_kind(path: str, kind: str) -> None:
+    """Test that Lintable can guess kind of file."""
+    lintable = Lintable(path)
+    assert lintable.kind == kind
diff --git a/test/test_formatter.py b/test/test_formatter.py
index 964dbe940ab..29153f852b7 100644
--- a/test/test_formatter.py
+++ b/test/test_formatter.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def test_format_coloured_string() -> None:
         message="message",
         linenumber=1,
         details=DETAILS,
-        filename=Lintable("filename.yml"),
+        filename=Lintable("filename.yml", content=""),
         rule=rule,
     )
     formatter.format(match)
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def test_unicode_format_string() -> None:
         message="\U0001f427",
         linenumber=1,
         details=DETAILS,
-        filename=Lintable("filename.yml"),
+        filename=Lintable("filename.yml", content=""),
         rule=rule,
     )
     formatter.format(match)
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def test_dict_format_line() -> None:
         message="xyz",
         linenumber=1,
         details={"hello": "world"},  # type: ignore
-        filename=Lintable("filename.yml"),
+        filename=Lintable("filename.yml", content=""),
         rule=rule,
     )
     formatter.format(match)
diff --git a/test/test_formatter_json.py b/test/test_formatter_json.py
index bf276095636..9e995aa5f18 100644
--- a/test/test_formatter_json.py
+++ b/test/test_formatter_json.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def setup_class(self) -> None:
                 message="message",
                 linenumber=1,
                 details="hello",
-                filename=Lintable("filename.yml"),
+                filename=Lintable("filename.yml", content=""),
                 rule=self.rule,
             )
         )
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def setup_class(self) -> None:
                 message="message",
                 linenumber=2,
                 details="hello",
-                filename=Lintable("filename.yml"),
+                filename=Lintable("filename.yml", content=""),
                 rule=self.rule,
             )
         )
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def test_validate_codeclimate_schema_with_positions(self) -> None:
                         linenumber=1,
                         column=42,
                         details="hello",
-                        filename=Lintable("filename.yml"),
+                        filename=Lintable("filename.yml", content=""),
                         rule=self.rule,
                     )
                 ]
diff --git a/test/test_formatter_sarif.py b/test/test_formatter_sarif.py
index 9509d6ce2b0..86cc45154d7 100644
--- a/test/test_formatter_sarif.py
+++ b/test/test_formatter_sarif.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def setup_class(self) -> None:
                 linenumber=1,
                 column=10,
                 details="hello",
-                filename=Lintable("filename.yml"),
+                filename=Lintable("filename.yml", content=""),
                 rule=self.rule,
                 tag="yaml[test]",
             )
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def setup_class(self) -> None:
                 message="message",
                 linenumber=2,
                 details="hello",
-                filename=Lintable("filename.yml"),
+                filename=Lintable("filename.yml", content=""),
                 rule=self.rule,
                 tag="yaml[test]",
             )
diff --git a/test/test_matcherrror.py b/test/test_matcherrror.py
index d3e893e28c1..041b7ce0af3 100644
--- a/test/test_matcherrror.py
+++ b/test/test_matcherrror.py
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ def test_matcherror_invalid() -> None:
         (MatchError("z"), MatchError("a")),
         # filenames takes priority in sorting
         (
-            MatchError("a", filename=Lintable("b")),
-            MatchError("a", filename=Lintable("a")),
+            MatchError("a", filename=Lintable("b", content="")),
+            MatchError("a", filename=Lintable("a", content="")),
         ),
         # rule id partial-become > rule id no-changed-when
         (
diff --git a/test/test_yaml_utils.py b/test/test_yaml_utils.py
index 2a276c7ae56..c5b4d20331f 100644
--- a/test/test_yaml_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_yaml_utils.py
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@
 @pytest.fixture(name="empty_lintable")
 def fixture_empty_lintable() -> Lintable:
     """Return a Lintable with no contents."""
-    lintable = Lintable("__empty_file__.yaml")
-    lintable._content = ""  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    lintable = Lintable("__empty_file__.yaml", content="")
     return lintable