diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/README.md b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11e91e79c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# Autoscaling example
+
+This example demonstrates multidimensional autoscaling, to scale the Local Drone Control service to
+and from "near zero" — scaling down to a state of minimal resource usage when idle, scaling up and
+out when load is increased.
+
+The example uses GraalVM Native Image builds for low resource usage, combines the Kubernetes
+vertical and horizontal pod autoscalers, and runs in a k3s cluster (lightweight Kubernetes).
+
+
+## Requirements
+
+The following tools are required to run this example locally:
+
+- [docker](https://www.docker.com) - Docker engine for building and running containers
+- [kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl) - Kubernetes command line tool
+- [k3d](https://k3d.io) - k3s (lightweight Kubernetes) in Docker
+- [helm](https://helm.sh) - package manager for Kubernetes
+
+
+## Build local-drone-control Docker image
+
+First build a Docker image for the Local Drone Control service, as a native image and configured to
+run as a multi-node Akka Cluster with PostgreSQL. From the `local-drone-control-scala` directory:
+
+```
+docker build -f native-image/Dockerfile --build-arg mode=clustered -t local-drone-control .
+```
+
+See the native-image build for more information.
+
+
+## Run the Central Drone Control service
+
+Run the Central Drone Control service. By default, the example assumes this is running locally, but
+it can also be deployed.
+
+To run locally, from the `restaurant-drone-deliveries-service-scala` directory:
+
+```
+docker compose up --wait
+
+docker exec -i postgres_db psql -U postgres -t < ddl-scripts/create_tables.sql
+
+sbt -Dconfig.resource=local1.conf run
+```
+
+Or see the documentation for deploying to Kubernetes in a cloud environment.
+
+
+## Start the Local Drone Control service in k3s
+
+A convenience script starts a k3d cluster (k3s cluster in Docker), installs the infrastructure
+dependencies for persistence, monitoring, and autoscaling, and then installs the Local Drone
+Control service configured for multidimensional autoscaling.
+
+To start the Local Drone Control service in a local k3s cluster, run the `up.sh` script:
+
+```
+autoscaling/local/up.sh
+```
+
+If the Central Drone Control service has been deployed somewhere other than locally on
+`localhost:8101`, the connection details can be specified using arguments to the script:
+
+```
+autoscaling/local/up.sh --central-host deployed.app --central-port 443 --central-tls true
+```
+
+
+## Autoscaling infrastructure
+
+This example uses multidimensional autoscaling, combining the Kubernetes vertical and horizontal
+pod autoscalers, so that when the service is idle it is both _scaled down_ with minimal resource
+requests, and _scaled in_ to a minimal number of pods. The same metrics should not be used for both
+the vertical and horizontal autoscalers, so the horizontal pod autoscaler is configured to use a
+custom metric — the number of active drones. When activity for the service increases, the vertical
+pod autoscaler (VPA) will increase the resource requests, and when the number of active drones
+increases, the horizontal pod autoscaler (HPA) will increase the number of pods in the deployment.
+
+The default vertical pod autoscaler recommends new resource requests and limits over long time
+frames. In this example, a custom VPA recommender has been configured for short cycles and metric
+history, to scale up quickly. The horizontal scaling has been configured for minimum 2 replicas, to
+ensure availability of the service (when pods are recreated on vertical scaling), and a pod
+disruption budget has been configured to ensure that no more than one pod is unavailable at a time.
+
+You can see the current state and recommendations for the autoscalers by running:
+
+```
+kubectl get hpa,vpa
+```
+
+
+## Simulate drone activity
+
+A simple load simulator is available, to demonstrate autoscaling behavior given increasing load.
+
+This simulator moves drones on random delivery paths, frequently reporting updated locations.
+
+In the `autoscaling/simulator` directory, run the Gatling load test:
+
+```
+sbt "Gatling/testOnly local.drones.Load"
+```
+
+You can see the current resource usage for pods by running:
+
+```
+kubectl top pods
+```
+
+And the current state of the autoscalers and deployed pods with:
+
+```
+kubectl get hpa,vpa,deployments,pods
+```
+
+The vertical pod autoscaler will increase the resource requests for pods as needed. The current CPU
+requests for pods can be seen by running:
+
+```
+kubectl get pods -o custom-columns='NAME:metadata.name,CPU:spec.containers[].resources.requests.cpu'
+```
+
+When the simulated load has finished, and idle entities have been passivated, the autoscalers will
+eventually scale the service back down.
+
+
+## Stop the Local Drone Control service
+
+To stop and delete the Local Drone Control service and k3s cluster, run the `down.sh` script:
+
+```
+autoscaling/local/down.sh
+```
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/deployment.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/deployment.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af060b440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/deployment.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: local-drone-control
+  labels:
+    app: local-drone-control
+spec:
+  replicas: 2
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: local-drone-control
+  strategy:
+      rollingUpdate:
+        maxSurge: 1
+        maxUnavailable: 0
+      type: RollingUpdate
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: local-drone-control
+    spec:
+      serviceAccountName: local-drone-control
+      containers:
+      - name: local-drone-control
+        image: local-drone-control:latest
+        imagePullPolicy: Never
+        resources:
+          requests:
+            cpu: 100m
+            memory: 256Mi
+        livenessProbe:
+          httpGet:
+            path: /alive
+            port: management
+        readinessProbe:
+          httpGet:
+            path: /ready
+            port: management
+        args:
+        - "-Dconfig.resource=application-cluster.conf"
+        env:
+        - name: LOCATION_ID
+          # one of the location ids supported by the restaurant-drone-deliveries service
+          value: "sweden/stockholm/kungsholmen"
+        - name: GRPC_PORT
+          value: "8080"
+        - name: REMOTE_PORT
+          value: "2552"
+        - name: HTTP_MGMT_PORT
+          value: "8558"
+        - name: PROMETHEUS_PORT
+          value: "9090"
+        - name: REQUIRED_CONTACT_POINT_NR
+          value: "1"
+        - name: CENTRAL_DRONE_CONTROL_HOST
+          valueFrom:
+            secretKeyRef:
+              name: central-drone-control
+              key: host
+        - name: CENTRAL_DRONE_CONTROL_PORT
+          valueFrom:
+            secretKeyRef:
+              name: central-drone-control
+              key: port
+        - name: CENTRAL_DRONE_CONTROL_TLS
+          valueFrom:
+            secretKeyRef:
+              name: central-drone-control
+              key: tls
+        - name: DB_HOST
+          valueFrom:
+            secretKeyRef:
+              name: database-credentials
+              key: host
+        - name: DB_PORT
+          valueFrom:
+            secretKeyRef:
+              name: database-credentials
+              key: port
+        - name: DB_DATABASE
+          valueFrom:
+            secretKeyRef:
+              name: database-credentials
+              key: database
+        - name: DB_USER
+          valueFrom:
+            secretKeyRef:
+              name: database-credentials
+              key: user
+        - name: DB_PASSWORD
+          valueFrom:
+            secretKeyRef:
+              name: database-credentials
+              key: password
+        ports:
+        - name: grpc
+          containerPort: 8080
+          protocol: TCP
+        - name: remote
+          containerPort: 2552
+          protocol: TCP
+        - name: management
+          containerPort: 8558
+          protocol: TCP
+        - name: metrics
+          containerPort: 9090
+          protocol: TCP
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/hpa.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/hpa.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39d75d465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/hpa.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
+kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
+metadata:
+  name: local-drone-control
+spec:
+  scaleTargetRef:
+    apiVersion: apps/v1
+    kind: Deployment
+    name: local-drone-control
+  minReplicas: 2
+  maxReplicas: 5
+  metrics:
+  - type: Pods
+    pods:
+      metric:
+        name: local_drone_control_active_entities
+      target:
+        type: Value
+        averageValue: 100
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/pdb.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/pdb.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a5d22f90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/pdb.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+apiVersion: policy/v1
+kind: PodDisruptionBudget
+metadata:
+  name: local-drone-control
+spec:
+  maxUnavailable: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: local-drone-control
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/rbac.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/rbac.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f319ab36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/rbac.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+kind: Role
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+  name: pod-reader
+rules:
+- apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group
+  resources: ["pods"]
+  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
+---
+kind: RoleBinding
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+  name: read-pods
+subjects:
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: local-drone-control
+roleRef:
+  kind: Role
+  name: pod-reader
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/service.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/service.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e246b47ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/service.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: local-drone-control
+  labels:
+    app: local-drone-control
+spec:
+  type: ClusterIP
+  ports:
+  - port: 8080
+    targetPort: 8080
+  selector:
+    app: local-drone-control
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/serviceaccount.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/serviceaccount.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a1a6bd9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/serviceaccount.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: local-drone-control
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/servicemonitor.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/servicemonitor.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c3b50742
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/servicemonitor.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
+kind: ServiceMonitor
+metadata:
+  name: local-drone-control
+  labels:
+    release: local
+spec:
+  endpoints:
+  - interval: 10s
+    targetPort: metrics
+  namespaceSelector:
+    matchNames:
+    - default
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: local-drone-control
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/vpa.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/vpa.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2550c268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/kubernetes/vpa.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+apiVersion: autoscaling.k8s.io/v1
+kind: VerticalPodAutoscaler
+metadata:
+  name: local-drone-control
+spec:
+  recommenders:
+  - name: custom
+  targetRef:
+    apiVersion: apps/v1
+    kind: Deployment
+    name: local-drone-control
+  updatePolicy:
+    updateMode: "Auto"
+    minReplicas: 2
+  resourcePolicy:
+    containerPolicies:
+      - containerName: local-drone-control
+        mode: "Auto"
+        minAllowed:
+          cpu: 100m
+          memory: 256Mi
+        maxAllowed:
+          cpu: 1000m
+          memory: 1024Mi
+        controlledResources: ["cpu", "memory"]
+        controlledValues: RequestsAndLimits
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/autoscaler/.gitignore b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/autoscaler/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9169e44a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/autoscaler/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+charts/*.tgz
+Chart.lock
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/autoscaler/Chart.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/autoscaler/Chart.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..26e57a569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/autoscaler/Chart.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+apiVersion: v2
+name: autoscaler
+description: Vertical pod autoscaler for drones in local k3s
+version: 0.1.0
+dependencies:
+- name: vertical-pod-autoscaler
+  version: "~9.3.0"
+  repository: "https://cowboysysop.github.io/charts"
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/autoscaler/values.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/autoscaler/values.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8fc00d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/autoscaler/values.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+vertical-pod-autoscaler:
+  recommender:
+    extraArgs:
+      recommender-name: custom
+      recommender-interval: 10s
+      cpu-histogram-decay-half-life: 30s
+      storage: prometheus
+      prometheus-address: "http://local-monitoring-prometheus.monitoring:9090"
+      v: 4
+  updater:
+    extraArgs:
+      updater-interval: 10s
+      v: 4
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/down.sh b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/down.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c93fa9d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/down.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# logs and failures
+
+function red {
+  echo -en "\033[0;31m$@\033[0m"
+}
+
+function blue {
+  echo -en "\033[0;34m$@\033[0m"
+}
+
+function info {
+  echo
+  echo $(blue "$@")
+  echo
+}
+
+function error {
+  echo $(red "$@") 1>&2
+}
+
+function fail {
+  error "$@"
+  exit 1
+}
+
+# requirements
+
+function command_exists {
+  type -P "$1" > /dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+command_exists "k3d" || fail "k3d is required (https://k3d.io)"
+
+# destroy k3s cluster
+
+info "Deleting k3s cluster ..."
+
+k3d cluster delete edge
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/ingress/route.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/ingress/route.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21a30ed3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/ingress/route.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
+kind: IngressRoute
+metadata:
+  name: local-drone-control
+spec:
+  entryPoints:
+    - web
+  routes:
+    - match: PathPrefix(`/`)
+      kind: Rule
+      services:
+        - name: local-drone-control
+          port: 8080
+          scheme: h2c
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/monitoring/.gitignore b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/monitoring/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9169e44a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/monitoring/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+charts/*.tgz
+Chart.lock
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/monitoring/Chart.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/monitoring/Chart.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c865eb82e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/monitoring/Chart.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+apiVersion: v2
+name: monitoring
+description: Prometheus monitoring for drones in local k3s
+version: 0.1.0
+dependencies:
+- name: kube-prometheus-stack
+  version: "~51.2.0"
+  repository: "https://prometheus-community.github.io/helm-charts"
+- name: prometheus-adapter
+  version: "~4.5.0"
+  repository: "https://prometheus-community.github.io/helm-charts"
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/monitoring/values.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/monitoring/values.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33d35320d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/monitoring/values.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+kube-prometheus-stack:
+  nameOverride: 'monitoring'
+  alertmanager:
+    enabled: false
+  grafana:
+    enabled: false
+
+prometheus-adapter:
+  prometheus:
+    url: http://{{ .Release.Name }}-monitoring-prometheus.{{ .Release.Namespace }}.svc
+  rules:
+    default: false
+    custom:
+    - seriesQuery: '{__name__=~"^local_drone_control_.*"}'
+      resources:
+        overrides:
+          pod: { resource: "pod" }
+          namespace: { resource: "namespace" }
+      metricsQuery: 'sum(<<.Series>>{<<.LabelMatchers>>}) by (<<.GroupBy>>)'
+
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/persistence/.gitignore b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/persistence/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9169e44a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/persistence/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+charts/*.tgz
+Chart.lock
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/persistence/Chart.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/persistence/Chart.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32ed19f4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/persistence/Chart.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+apiVersion: v2
+name: persistence
+description: Postgres persistence for drones in local k3s
+version: 0.1.0
+dependencies:
+- name: postgresql
+  version: "~12.12.10"
+  repository: "oci://registry-1.docker.io/bitnamicharts"
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/persistence/templates/postgresql-initdb-configmap.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/persistence/templates/postgresql-initdb-configmap.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb7a84456
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/persistence/templates/postgresql-initdb-configmap.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: postgresql-initdb
+data:
+  create_tables.sql: |
+    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_journal(
+      slice INT NOT NULL,
+      entity_type VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      persistence_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      seq_nr BIGINT NOT NULL,
+      db_timestamp timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
+      event_ser_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+      event_ser_manifest VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      event_payload BYTEA NOT NULL,
+      deleted BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE NOT NULL,
+      writer VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      adapter_manifest VARCHAR(255),
+      tags TEXT ARRAY,
+      meta_ser_id INTEGER,
+      meta_ser_manifest VARCHAR(255),
+      meta_payload BYTEA,
+      PRIMARY KEY(persistence_id, seq_nr)
+    );
+
+    CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS event_journal_slice_idx ON event_journal(slice, entity_type, db_timestamp, seq_nr);
+
+    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS snapshot(
+      slice INT NOT NULL,
+      entity_type VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      persistence_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      seq_nr BIGINT NOT NULL,
+      db_timestamp timestamp with time zone,
+      write_timestamp BIGINT NOT NULL,
+      ser_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+      ser_manifest VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      snapshot BYTEA NOT NULL,
+      tags TEXT ARRAY,
+      meta_ser_id INTEGER,
+      meta_ser_manifest VARCHAR(255),
+      meta_payload BYTEA,
+      PRIMARY KEY(persistence_id)
+    );
+
+    CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS snapshot_slice_idx ON snapshot(slice, entity_type, db_timestamp);
+
+    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS durable_state (
+      slice INT NOT NULL,
+      entity_type VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      persistence_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      revision BIGINT NOT NULL,
+      db_timestamp timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
+      state_ser_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+      state_ser_manifest VARCHAR(255),
+      state_payload BYTEA NOT NULL,
+      tags TEXT ARRAY,
+      PRIMARY KEY(persistence_id, revision)
+    );
+
+    CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS durable_state_slice_idx ON durable_state(slice, entity_type, db_timestamp, revision);
+
+    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS akka_projection_offset_store (
+      projection_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      projection_key VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      current_offset VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      manifest VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
+      mergeable BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
+      last_updated BIGINT NOT NULL,
+      PRIMARY KEY(projection_name, projection_key)
+    );
+
+    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS akka_projection_timestamp_offset_store (
+      projection_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      projection_key VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      slice INT NOT NULL,
+      persistence_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      seq_nr BIGINT NOT NULL,
+      timestamp_offset timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
+      timestamp_consumed timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
+      PRIMARY KEY(slice, projection_name, timestamp_offset, persistence_id, seq_nr)
+    );
+
+    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS akka_projection_management (
+      projection_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      projection_key VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+      paused BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
+      last_updated BIGINT NOT NULL,
+      PRIMARY KEY(projection_name, projection_key)
+    );
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/persistence/values.yaml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/persistence/values.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19017b081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/persistence/values.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+postgresql:
+  auth:
+    postgresPassword: "postgres"
+  primary:
+    initdb:
+      scriptsConfigMap: "postgresql-initdb"
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/up.sh b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/up.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9de57d6c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/local/up.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# logs and failures
+
+function red {
+  echo -en "\033[0;31m$@\033[0m"
+}
+
+function green {
+  echo -en "\033[0;32m$@\033[0m"
+}
+
+function blue {
+  echo -en "\033[0;34m$@\033[0m"
+}
+
+function info {
+  echo
+  echo $(blue "$@")
+  echo
+}
+
+function success {
+  echo
+  echo $(green "$@")
+  echo
+}
+
+function error {
+  echo $(red "$@") 1>&2
+}
+
+function fail {
+  error "$@"
+  exit 1
+}
+
+# requirements
+
+function command_exists {
+  type -P "$1" > /dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+command_exists "docker" || fail "docker is required (https://www.docker.com)"
+command_exists "kubectl" || fail "kubectl is required (https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl)"
+command_exists "k3d" || fail "k3d is required (https://k3d.io)"
+command_exists "helm" || fail "helm is required (https://helm.sh)"
+
+# options
+
+declare local_image="local-drone-control:latest"
+declare central_host="host.k3d.internal"
+declare central_port="8101"
+declare central_tls="false"
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]] ; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --local-image  ) local_image="$2"  ; shift 2 ;;
+    --central-host ) central_host="$2" ; shift 2 ;;
+    --central-port ) central_port="$2" ; shift 2 ;;
+    --central-tls  ) central_tls="$2"  ; shift 2 ;;
+    * ) error "unknown option: $1" ; shift ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+# image exists check
+
+[ -n "$(docker images -q "$local_image")" ] || fail "Docker image [$local_image] not found. Build locally before running."
+
+# directories
+
+readonly local=$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" &> /dev/null && pwd)
+readonly autoscaling="$(cd "$local/.." && pwd)"
+
+# deploy to local k3s cluster
+
+info "Creating k3s cluster ..."
+
+# with port mapping for traefik ingress
+k3d cluster create edge --port 8080:80@loadbalancer
+
+info "Installing postgresql persistence ..."
+
+helm dependency update "$local/persistence"
+helm install local "$local/persistence" --create-namespace --namespace persistence --wait
+
+info "Installing prometheus monitoring stack ..."
+
+helm dependency update "$local/monitoring"
+helm install local "$local/monitoring" --create-namespace --namespace monitoring --wait
+
+info "Installing vertical pod autoscaler ..."
+
+helm dependency update "$local/autoscaler"
+helm install local "$local/autoscaler" --create-namespace --namespace kube-system --wait
+
+info "Deploying local-drone-control service ..."
+
+k3d image import --cluster edge "$local_image"
+
+kubectl create secret generic central-drone-control \
+  --from-literal=host=$central_host \
+  --from-literal=port=$central_port \
+  --from-literal=tls=$central_tls
+
+kubectl create secret generic database-credentials \
+  --from-literal=host=local-postgresql.persistence.svc \
+  --from-literal=port=5432 \
+  --from-literal=database=postgres \
+  --from-literal=user=postgres \
+  --from-literal=password=postgres
+
+kubectl apply -f "$autoscaling/kubernetes"
+kubectl wait pods -l app=local-drone-control --for condition=Ready --timeout=120s
+kubectl get pods
+
+info "Setting up ingress ..."
+
+kubectl apply -f "$local/ingress"
+
+success "Local Drone Control service running in k3s and available at localhost:8080"
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/.scalafmt.conf b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/.scalafmt.conf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e649f112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/.scalafmt.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+version = 3.7.14
+
+preset = defaultWithAlign
+runner.dialect = scala213
+
+maxColumn = 120
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/build.sbt b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/build.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f9d621a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/build.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+scalaVersion := "2.13.12"
+
+enablePlugins(GatlingPlugin)
+
+libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
+  "io.gatling.highcharts" % "gatling-charts-highcharts" % "3.9.5" % Test,
+  "io.gatling" % "gatling-test-framework" % "3.9.5" % Test,
+  "com.github.phisgr" % "gatling-grpc" % "0.16.0" % Test,
+  "com.thesamet.scalapb" %% "scalapb-runtime" % scalapb.compiler.Version.scalapbVersion % "protobuf"
+)
+
+Test / PB.targets := Seq(
+  scalapb.gen() -> (Test / sourceManaged).value / "scalapb"
+)
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/project/build.properties b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/project/build.properties
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27430827b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/project/build.properties
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sbt.version=1.9.6
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/project/plugins.sbt b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/project/plugins.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82bd17201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/project/plugins.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+addSbtPlugin("io.gatling" % "gatling-sbt" % "4.5.0")
+
+addSbtPlugin("com.thesamet" % "sbt-protoc" % "1.0.6")
+libraryDependencies += "com.thesamet.scalapb" %% "compilerplugin" % "0.11.11"
+
+addSbtPlugin("org.scalameta" % "sbt-scalafmt" % "2.4.6")
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/protobuf/common/coordinates.proto b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/protobuf/common/coordinates.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99f385d72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/protobuf/common/coordinates.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_package = "common.proto";
+
+package common;
+
+// generic messages, shared between local-drone-control and restaurant-drone-deliveries
+
+message Coordinates {
+  // latitude (north-south) in decimal degree coordinates
+  double latitude = 1;
+  // longitude (east west) in decimal degree coordinates
+  double longitude = 2;
+}
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/protobuf/local/drones/deliveries_queue_api.proto b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/protobuf/local/drones/deliveries_queue_api.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19bff6e72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/protobuf/local/drones/deliveries_queue_api.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_package = "local.drones.proto";
+
+import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
+import "common/coordinates.proto";
+
+package local.drones;
+
+// gRPC definition for DroneService, for drones to interact with
+
+service DeliveriesQueueService {
+  rpc GetCurrentQueue (google.protobuf.Empty) returns (GetCurrentQueueResponse) {}
+}
+
+message GetCurrentQueueResponse {
+  repeated WaitingDelivery waitingDeliveries = 1;
+  repeated DeliveryInProgress deliveriesInProgress = 2;
+}
+
+message WaitingDelivery {
+  string delivery_id = 1;
+  common.Coordinates from = 2;
+  common.Coordinates to = 3;
+}
+
+message DeliveryInProgress {
+  string delivery_id = 1;
+  string drone_id = 2;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/protobuf/local/drones/drone_api.proto b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/protobuf/local/drones/drone_api.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e62a16a2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/protobuf/local/drones/drone_api.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_package = "local.drones.proto";
+
+import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
+import "common/coordinates.proto";
+
+package local.drones;
+
+// gRPC definition for DroneService, for drones to interact with
+
+service DroneService {
+    rpc ReportLocation (ReportLocationRequest) returns (google.protobuf.Empty) {}
+
+    // deliveries
+    rpc RequestNextDelivery (RequestNextDeliveryRequest) returns (RequestNextDeliveryResponse) {}
+    rpc CompleteDelivery (CompleteDeliveryRequest) returns (google.protobuf.Empty) {}
+}
+
+message ReportLocationRequest {
+    string drone_id = 1;
+    common.Coordinates coordinates = 2;
+    // altitude in meters
+    double altitude = 4;
+}
+
+message RequestNextDeliveryRequest {
+    string drone_id = 1;
+}
+
+message RequestNextDeliveryResponse {
+    string delivery_id = 1;
+    common.Coordinates from = 2;
+    common.Coordinates to = 3;
+}
+
+message CompleteDeliveryRequest {
+    string delivery_id = 1;
+}
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/resources/application.conf b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/resources/application.conf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc117755d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/resources/application.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+local-drone-control {
+  host = "localhost"
+  host = ${?LOCAL_DRONE_CONTROL_HOST}
+  port = 8080
+  port = ${?LOCAL_DRONE_CONTROL_PORT}
+  tls = false
+  tls = ${?LOCAL_DRONE_CONTROL_TLS}
+}
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/resources/logback.xml b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/resources/logback.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f4c8a008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/resources/logback.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<configuration>
+    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
+        <encoder>
+            <pattern>%date{ISO8601} %-5level %logger - %msg%n</pattern>
+        </encoder>
+    </appender>
+
+    <!-- uncomment and set to DEBUG to log all failing gRPC requests -->
+    <!-- uncomment and set to TRACE to log all gRPC requests -->
+    <!-- <logger name="com.github.phisgr.gatling.grpc.action.GrpcCallAction" level="DEBUG"/> -->
+
+    <root level="INFO">
+        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
+    </root>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/scala/local/drones/Coordinates.scala b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/scala/local/drones/Coordinates.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..502e45a3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/scala/local/drones/Coordinates.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package local.drones
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom
+
+final case class Coordinates(latitude: Double, longitude: Double) {
+  def toProto: common.proto.coordinates.Coordinates =
+    common.proto.coordinates.Coordinates(latitude, longitude)
+}
+
+object Coordinates {
+  final val EarthRadiusMetres = 6371000
+
+  // calculate distance between coordinates in metres
+  def distance(start: Coordinates, destination: Coordinates): Double = {
+    unitDistance(start, destination) * EarthRadiusMetres
+  }
+
+  // calculate unit distance between coordinates
+  def unitDistance(start: Coordinates, destination: Coordinates): Double = {
+    val φ1 = Math.toRadians(start.latitude)
+    val λ1 = Math.toRadians(start.longitude)
+    val φ2 = Math.toRadians(destination.latitude)
+    val λ2 = Math.toRadians(destination.longitude)
+
+    val Δφ = φ2 - φ1
+    val Δλ = λ2 - λ1
+
+    val a = Math.sin(Δφ / 2) * Math.sin(Δφ / 2) + Math.cos(φ1) * Math.cos(φ2) * Math.sin(Δλ / 2) * Math.sin(Δλ / 2)
+    2 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(a), Math.sqrt(1 - a))
+  }
+
+  // calculate destination coordinates given start coordinates, initial bearing, and distance
+  def destination(start: Coordinates, initialBearing: Double, distanceMetres: Double): Coordinates = {
+    val φ1 = Math.toRadians(start.latitude)
+    val λ1 = Math.toRadians(start.longitude)
+    val θ  = Math.toRadians(initialBearing)
+    val δ  = distanceMetres / EarthRadiusMetres
+
+    val φ2 = Math.asin(Math.sin(φ1) * Math.cos(δ) + Math.cos(φ1) * Math.sin(δ) * Math.cos(θ))
+    val λ2 = λ1 + Math.atan2(Math.sin(θ) * Math.sin(δ) * Math.cos(φ1), Math.cos(δ) - Math.sin(φ1) * Math.sin(φ2))
+
+    Coordinates(Math.toDegrees(φ2), Math.toDegrees(λ2))
+  }
+
+  // calculate the intermediate coordinates on the path to a destination
+  // given the fraction of the distance travelled (fraction between 0 and 1)
+  def intermediate(start: Coordinates, destination: Coordinates, fraction: Double): Coordinates = {
+    val φ1 = Math.toRadians(start.latitude)
+    val λ1 = Math.toRadians(start.longitude)
+    val φ2 = Math.toRadians(destination.latitude)
+    val λ2 = Math.toRadians(destination.longitude)
+
+    val δ = unitDistance(start, destination)
+
+    val A = Math.sin((1 - fraction) * δ) / Math.sin(δ)
+    val B = Math.sin(fraction * δ) / Math.sin(δ)
+
+    val x = A * Math.cos(φ1) * Math.cos(λ1) + B * Math.cos(φ2) * Math.cos(λ2)
+    val y = A * Math.cos(φ1) * Math.sin(λ1) + B * Math.cos(φ2) * Math.sin(λ2)
+    val z = A * Math.sin(φ1) + B * Math.sin(φ2)
+
+    val φ3 = Math.atan2(z, Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y))
+    val λ3 = Math.atan2(y, x)
+
+    Coordinates(Math.toDegrees(φ3), Math.toDegrees(λ3))
+  }
+
+  // iterate a path of intermediate coordinates between start and destination, every so many metres
+  def path(start: Coordinates, destination: Coordinates, everyMetres: Double): Iterator[Coordinates] = {
+    val distance = Coordinates.distance(start, destination)
+    val step     = everyMetres / distance
+    Iterator.unfold(0.0) { fraction =>
+      if (fraction >= 1.0) None
+      else {
+        val next        = fraction + step
+        val coordinates = if (next >= 1.0) destination else intermediate(start, destination, next)
+        Some(coordinates, next)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // select random coordinates within a circle defined by a centre and radius
+  def random(centre: Coordinates, radiusMetres: Int): Coordinates = {
+    val bearing  = ThreadLocalRandom.current.nextDouble * 360
+    val distance = ThreadLocalRandom.current.nextDouble * radiusMetres
+    destination(centre, bearing, distance)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/scala/local/drones/Load.scala b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/scala/local/drones/Load.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c72737f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/autoscaling/simulator/src/test/scala/local/drones/Load.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package local.drones
+
+import io.gatling.core.Predef._
+import com.github.phisgr.gatling.grpc.Predef._
+import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory
+import local.drones.proto.drone_api.DroneServiceGrpc
+import local.drones.proto.drone_api.ReportLocationRequest
+
+import scala.concurrent.duration._
+
+class Load extends Simulation {
+
+  val RampTime                   = 5.minutes
+  val MaxNumberOfDrones          = 500
+  val NumberOfDeliveriesPerDrone = 2
+
+  val Location          = Coordinates(59.33258, 18.0649)
+  val StartRadius       = 1000 // metres
+  val DestinationRadius = 5000 // metres
+
+  // 2m / 100ms = 72 km/hour
+  val ReportEvery    = 100.millis
+  val TravelDistance = 2 // metres
+
+  val config = ConfigFactory.load().getConfig("local-drone-control")
+
+  val grpcProtocol = {
+    val host = config.getString("host")
+    val port = config.getInt("port")
+    val tls  = config.getBoolean("tls")
+    val channelBuilder = {
+      val builder = managedChannelBuilder(name = host, port = port)
+      if (tls) builder else builder.usePlaintext()
+    }
+    grpc(channelBuilder)
+  }
+
+  def droneIds = Iterator.from(1).map(id => Map("droneId" -> f"drone-$id%05d"))
+
+  type Path = Iterator[Coordinates]
+
+  def randomDeliveryPath: Path = {
+    val start       = Coordinates.random(Location, radiusMetres = StartRadius)
+    val destination = Coordinates.random(Location, radiusMetres = DestinationRadius)
+    Coordinates.path(start, destination, everyMetres = TravelDistance)
+  }
+
+  val reportLocation =
+    grpc("report location")
+      .rpc(DroneServiceGrpc.METHOD_REPORT_LOCATION)
+      .payload(session => {
+        val coordinates = session("path").as[Path].next()
+        ReportLocationRequest(
+          droneId = session("droneId").as[String],
+          coordinates = Some(coordinates.toProto),
+          altitude = 10
+        )
+      })
+
+  val updateDrones =
+    scenario("update drones")
+      .feed(droneIds)
+      .repeat(NumberOfDeliveriesPerDrone) {
+        exec(session => session.set("path", randomDeliveryPath))
+          .doWhile(session => session("path").as[Path].hasNext) {
+            pace(ReportEvery).exec(reportLocation)
+          }
+      }
+
+  setUp(
+    updateDrones.inject(rampUsers(MaxNumberOfDrones).during(RampTime))
+  ).protocols(grpcProtocol)
+}
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/build.sbt b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/build.sbt
index 2a7963e80..70ab0c4c6 100644
--- a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/build.sbt
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/build.sbt
@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@ libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
   "com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-slf4j" % AkkaVersion,
   "ch.qos.logback" % "logback-classic" % "1.3.11",
   "org.scalatest" %% "scalatest" % "3.1.2" % Test,
+  // Prometheus client for custom metrics
+  "io.prometheus" % "simpleclient" % "0.16.0",
+  "io.prometheus" % "simpleclient_httpserver" % "0.16.0",
   // 2. Using Akka Persistence
   "com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-persistence-typed" % AkkaVersion,
   "com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-serialization-jackson" % AkkaVersion,
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image/generated/resource-config.json b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image/generated/resource-config.json
index 0cc86d927..f81c91f04 100644
--- a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image/generated/resource-config.json
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image/generated/resource-config.json
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
         "pattern": "\\Qakka-http-version.conf\\E"
       },
       {
-        "pattern": "\\Qapplication-kubernetes.conf\\E"
+        "pattern": "\\Qapplication-cluster.conf\\E"
       },
       {
         "pattern": "\\Qapplication.conf\\E"
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/application-cluster.conf b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/application-cluster.conf
index db6bf40f6..1f28a6ad5 100644
--- a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/application-cluster.conf
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/application-cluster.conf
@@ -17,3 +17,6 @@ local-drone-control {
 akka {
   loglevel = DEBUG
 }
+
+prometheus.port = 9090
+prometheus.port = ${?PROMETHEUS_PORT}
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/cluster.conf b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/cluster.conf
index 9e1d57973..1b4140745 100644
--- a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/cluster.conf
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/cluster.conf
@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@ akka.cluster {
     least-shard-allocation-strategy.rebalance-absolute-limit = 20
     passivation {
       strategy = default-strategy
-      active-entity-limit = 1000
+      default-strategy {
+        active-entity-limit = 1000
+        idle-entity.timeout = 3 minutes
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/local1.conf b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/local1.conf
index d7a7043d6..e85fda025 100644
--- a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/local1.conf
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/local1.conf
@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ local-drone-control.grpc.port = 8080
 akka.remote.artery.canonical.port = 2651
 akka.management.http.port = 9201
 
+prometheus.port = 9091
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/local2.conf b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/local2.conf
index 7ab596b7f..5c3115e2d 100644
--- a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/local2.conf
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/local2.conf
@@ -5,5 +5,7 @@ include "local-shared"
 
 local-drone-control.grpc.port = 8081
 
-akka.management.http.port = 9202
 akka.remote.artery.canonical.port = 2652
+akka.management.http.port = 9202
+
+prometheus.port = 9092
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/local3.conf b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/local3.conf
index bbedac07c..f434374e0 100644
--- a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/local3.conf
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/resources/local3.conf
@@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ local-drone-control.grpc.port = 8082
 
 akka.remote.artery.canonical.port = 2653
 akka.management.http.port = 9203
+
+prometheus.port = 9093
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/ClusteredMain.scala b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/ClusteredMain.scala
index 24ccc7b3c..aa03d15db 100644
--- a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/ClusteredMain.scala
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/ClusteredMain.scala
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ object ClusteredMain {
       Drone.init(context.system)
       DroneEvents.initEventToCloudDaemonProcess(settings)(context.system)
 
+      // start prometheus for custom metrics
+      Telemetry(context.system).start()
+
       // consume delivery events from the cloud service, single queue in cluster singleton
       val deliveriesQueue =
         ClusterSingleton(context.system).init(
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Coordinates.scala b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Coordinates.scala
index ed3046250..c3da537db 100644
--- a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Coordinates.scala
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Coordinates.scala
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ object Coordinates {
 
 }
 
-final case class Position(coordinates: Coordinates, altitudeMeters: Double) extends CborSerializable
+final case class Position(coordinates: Coordinates, altitudeMeters: Double)
+    extends CborSerializable
 
 object CoarseGrainedCoordinates {
 
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Drone.scala b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Drone.scala
index 00623c60a..a21f89022 100644
--- a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Drone.scala
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Drone.scala
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import akka.Done
 import akka.actor.typed.ActorRef
 import akka.actor.typed.ActorSystem
 import akka.actor.typed.Behavior
+import akka.actor.typed.PostStop
 import akka.actor.typed.SupervisorStrategy
 import akka.actor.typed.scaladsl.Behaviors
 import akka.cluster.sharding.typed.scaladsl.ClusterSharding
@@ -82,12 +83,20 @@ object Drone {
   }
 
   def apply(entityId: String): Behavior[Command] =
-    EventSourcedBehavior[Command, Event, State](
-      PersistenceId(EntityKey.name, entityId),
-      emptyState,
-      handleCommand,
-      handleEvent)
-      .onPersistFailure(SupervisorStrategy.restartWithBackoff(100.millis, 5.seconds, 0.1))
+    Behaviors.setup { context =>
+      val telemetry = Telemetry(context.system)
+      telemetry.droneEntityActivated()
+      EventSourcedBehavior[Command, Event, State](
+        PersistenceId(EntityKey.name, entityId),
+        emptyState,
+        handleCommand,
+        handleEvent)
+        .onPersistFailure(
+          SupervisorStrategy.restartWithBackoff(100.millis, 5.seconds, 0.1))
+        .receiveSignal { case (_, PostStop) =>
+          telemetry.droneEntityPassivated()
+        }
+    }
 
   // #commandHandler
   private def handleCommand(
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/DroneEvents.scala b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/DroneEvents.scala
index 4b63ac4f0..4a89af47c 100644
--- a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/DroneEvents.scala
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/DroneEvents.scala
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ object DroneEvents {
           envelope.event.isInstanceOf[Drone.CoarseGrainedLocationChanged]),
       GrpcClientSettings.fromConfig("central-drone-control"))
 
-    def projectionForPartition(partition: Int): Behavior[ProjectionBehavior.Command] = {
+    def projectionForPartition(
+        partition: Int): Behavior[ProjectionBehavior.Command] = {
       val sliceRange = sliceRanges(partition)
       val minSlice = sliceRange.min
       val maxSlice = sliceRange.max
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Main.scala b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Main.scala
index 7d7421cb6..956fb3dd6 100644
--- a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Main.scala
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Main.scala
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import akka.cluster.typed.Join
 
 object Main {
 
-
   // #main
   def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
     ActorSystem[Nothing](rootBehavior(), "local-drone-control")
@@ -36,7 +35,9 @@ object Main {
         DeliveryEvents.projectionBehavior(deliveriesQueue, settings)(
           context.system),
         "DeliveriesProjection")
-      val deliveriesQueueService = new DeliveriesQueueServiceImpl(settings, deliveriesQueue)(context.system)
+      val deliveriesQueueService =
+        new DeliveriesQueueServiceImpl(settings, deliveriesQueue)(
+          context.system)
 
       val grpcInterface =
         context.system.settings.config
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Telemetry.scala b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Telemetry.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a8de3f6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/drones/Telemetry.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package local.drones
+
+import akka.actor.typed.{ ActorSystem, Extension, ExtensionId }
+import io.prometheus.client.Gauge
+import io.prometheus.client.exporter.HTTPServer
+
+object Telemetry extends ExtensionId[Telemetry] {
+  override def createExtension(system: ActorSystem[_]): Telemetry = {
+    new Telemetry(system)
+  }
+}
+
+final class Telemetry(system: ActorSystem[_]) extends Extension {
+
+  def start(): Unit = {
+    val port = system.settings.config.getInt("prometheus.port")
+    new HTTPServer.Builder().withPort(port).build()
+  }
+
+  private val activeDroneEntities: Gauge = Gauge.build
+    .name("local_drone_control_active_entities")
+    .help("Number of currently active drone entities.")
+    .register()
+
+  def droneEntityActivated(): Unit = activeDroneEntities.inc()
+
+  def droneEntityPassivated(): Unit = activeDroneEntities.dec()
+
+}
diff --git a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/logback/NativeImageAsyncAppender.scala b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/logback/NativeImageAsyncAppender.scala
index 1aa5adbf6..df79f5ec9 100644
--- a/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/logback/NativeImageAsyncAppender.scala
+++ b/samples/grpc/local-drone-control-scala/src/main/scala/local/logback/NativeImageAsyncAppender.scala
@@ -29,5 +29,6 @@ class NativeImageAsyncAppender extends AsyncAppender {
   }
 
   // method, so that it's not fixed at build time
-  private def isNativeImageBuild = sys.props.get("org.graalvm.nativeimage.imagecode").contains("buildtime")
+  private def isNativeImageBuild =
+    sys.props.get("org.graalvm.nativeimage.imagecode").contains("buildtime")
 }