diff --git a/.flake8 b/.flake8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78a63b0682
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.flake8
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[flake8]
+select = C,E,F,W
+ignore = E203,E231,E501,E741,W503,W504,C901
+max-line-length = 88
+per-file-ignores =
+    **/__init__.py:F401,E402,F403
+    aesara/tensor/linalg.py:F401,F403
+    aesara/scalar/basic_scipy.py:E402,F403,F401
+    aesara/graph/toolbox.py:E402,F403,F401
+    aesara/link/jax/jax_dispatch.py:E402,F403,F401
+    aesara/link/jax/jax_linker.py:E402,F403,F401
+    aesara/sparse/sandbox/sp2.py:F401
+    tests/tensor/test_math_scipy.py:E402
+    tests/sparse/test_basic.py:E402
+    tests/sparse/test_opt.py:E402
+    tests/sparse/test_sp2.py:E402
+    tests/sparse/test_utils.py:E402,F401
+    tests/sparse/sandbox/test_sp.py:E402,F401
+    tests/scalar/test_basic_sympy.py:E402
+    aesara/graph/rewriting/unify.py:F811
+exclude =
+    versioneer.py
+    doc/
+    aesara/_version.py
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pypi.yml b/.github/workflows/pypi.yml
index 50e8854bfa..4bac0ed1a8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pypi.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pypi.yml
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ jobs:
           python-version: "3.8"
       - name: Build the sdist and the wheel
         run: |
-          pip install wheel
-          python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
+          python -m pip install -U pip
+          python -m pip install build
+          python -m build
       - name: Check the sdist installs and imports
         run: |
           mkdir -p test-sdist
@@ -38,6 +39,15 @@ jobs:
           python -m venv venv-sdist
           venv-sdist/bin/python -m pip install ../dist/aesara-*.tar.gz
           venv-sdist/bin/python -c "import aesara;print(aesara.__version__)"
+          test -n "$(find . -name lazylinker_c.c)"
+      - name: Check the wheel installs and imports
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p test-wheel
+          cd test-wheel
+          python -m venv venv-wheel
+          venv-wheel/bin/python -m pip install ../dist/aesara-*.whl
+          venv-wheel/bin/python -c "import aesara;print(aesara.__version__)"
+          test -n "$(find . -name lazylinker_c.c)"
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
         with:
           name: artifact
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..675601a518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = [
+    "setuptools>=61.2",
+    "versioneer[toml]",
+]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[project]
+name = "aesara"
+authors = [{name = "aesara-devs", email = "aesara.devs@gmail.com"}]
+description = "A library for defining, optimizing, and efficiently evaluating mathematical expressions involving multi-dimensional arrays."
+license.text = "BSD-3-Clause"
+license.files = ["LICENSE.txt"]
+# # Setuptools isn't yet PEP 639 (draft) compliant.
+# # See <https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/3596>
+# # If accepted, then the previous two lines will change to:
+# license = "BSD-3-Clause"
+# license-files.paths = ["LICENSE.txt"]
+classifiers = [
+    "Development Status :: 6 - Mature",
+    "Intended Audience :: Education",
+    "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
+    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
+    "Programming Language :: Python",
+    "Topic :: Software Development :: Code Generators",
+    "Topic :: Software Development :: Compilers",
+    "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Mathematics",
+    "Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows",
+    "Operating System :: POSIX",
+    "Operating System :: Unix",
+    "Operating System :: MacOS",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
+]
+keywords = [
+    "aesara",
+    "math",
+    "numerical",
+    "symbolic",
+    "blas",
+    "numpy",
+    "autodiff",
+    "differentiation",
+]
+urls = {Homepage = "https://github.com/aesara-devs/aesara"}
+requires-python = ">=3.7"
+dependencies = [
+    "numpy >=1.17.0",
+    "scipy >=0.14",
+    "filelock",
+    "etuples",
+    "logical-unification",
+    "miniKanren",
+    "cons",
+    "typing_extensions",
+    "setuptools >=48.0.0",
+]
+dynamic = ["version"]
+
+[project.readme]
+file = "DESCRIPTION.txt"
+content-type = "text/x-rst"
+
+[project.scripts]
+aesara-cache = "bin.aesara_cache:main"
+
+[tool.setuptools]
+platforms = [
+    "Windows",
+    "Linux",
+    "Solaris",
+    "Mac OS-X",
+    "Unix",
+]
+# Not from setup.cfg
+include-package-data = false
+
+[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
+exclude = [
+    "tests",
+    "tests.*",
+]
+# Not from setup.cfg:
+namespaces = false
+
+[tool.setuptools.package-data]
+"*" = [
+    "*.txt",
+    "*.rst",
+    "*.cu",
+    "*.cuh",
+    "*.c",
+    "*.sh",
+    "*.pkl",
+    "*.h",
+    "*.cpp",
+    "ChangeLog",
+    "c_code/*",
+]
+"aesara" = [
+    "py.typed",
+]
+"aesara.misc" = ["*.sh"]
+"aesara.d3viz" = [
+    "html/*",
+    "css/*",
+    "js/*",
+]
+
+[tool.coverage.run]
+omit = [
+    "aesara/_version.py",
+    "tests/*",
+    "aesara/assert_op.py",
+    "aesara/graph/opt.py",
+    "aesara/graph/opt_utils.py",
+    "aesara/graph/optdb.py",
+    "aesara/graph/kanren.py",
+    "aesara/graph/unify.py",
+    "aesara/link/jax/jax_linker.py",
+    "aesara/link/jax/jax_dispatch.py",
+    "aesara/graph/toolbox.py",
+    "aesara/scalar/basic_scipy.py",
+]
+branch = true
+relative_files = true
+
+[tool.coverage.report]
+omit = [
+    "aesara/_version.py",
+    "tests/*",
+]
+exclude_lines = [
+    "pragma: no cover",
+    "if TYPE_CHECKING:",
+]
+show_missing = true
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+addopts = "--durations=50"
+testpaths = ["tests/"]
+
+[tool.pylint]
+max-line-length = "88"
+
+[tool."pylint.messages_control"]
+disable = "C0330, C0326"
+
+[tool.isort]
+profile = "black"
+lines_after_imports = 2
+lines_between_sections = 1
+honor_noqa = true
+skip_gitignore = true
+skip = ["aesara/version.py"]
+skip_glob = ["**/*.pyx"]
+
+[tool.mypy]
+ignore_missing_imports = true
+no_implicit_optional = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+strict_equality = true
+warn_redundant_casts = true
+warn_unused_configs = true
+warn_unused_ignores = true
+warn_return_any = true
+warn_no_return = false
+warn_unreachable = true
+show_error_codes = true
+allow_redefinition = false
+files = ["aesara", "tests"]
+plugins = ["numpy.typing.mypy_plugin"]
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["versioneer"]
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["doc.*"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["setup"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["tests.*"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara._version"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.compile.mode"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.compile.builders"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.compile.sharedvalue"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.compile.compilelock"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.compile.function.pfunc"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.compile.function.types"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.compile.debugmode"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.type"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.var"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.basic"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.elemwise"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.math"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.rewriting.basic"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.rewriting.shape"]
+warn_unused_ignores = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.rewriting.elemwise"]
+warn_unused_ignores = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.subtensor"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.shape"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.extra_ops"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.type_other"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.blas"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.blas_headers"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.slinalg"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.sharedvar"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.rewriting.math"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.blas_c"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.random.op"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.random.basic"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.random.utils"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.scan.op"]
+warn_unused_ignores = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.link.numba.dispatch.extra_ops"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.link.numba.dispatch.elemwise"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.link.numba.dispatch.random"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.link.jax.dispatch"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.raise_op"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.nnet.conv3d2d"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.nnet.neighbours"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.nnet.abstract_conv"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.tensor.nnet.ctc"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.sandbox.*"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.ifelse"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.typed_list.*"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.sparse.basic"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["aesara.sparse.sharedvar"]
+ignore_errors = true
+check_untyped_defs = false
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index 21072baba7..1c853a424f 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -1,368 +1,6 @@
-[metadata]
-name = aesara
-author = aesara-devs
-author_email = aesara.devs@gmail.com
-description = Optimizing compiler for evaluating mathematical expressions on CPUs and GPUs.
-long_description = file: DESCRIPTION.txt
-long_description_content_type = text/x-rst
-url = https://github.com/aesara-devs/aesara
-license = BSD
-platforms =
-    Windows
-    Linux
-    Solaris
-    Mac OS-X
-    Unix
-classifiers =
-    Development Status :: 6 - Mature
-    Intended Audience :: Education
-    Intended Audience :: Science/Research
-    Intended Audience :: Developers
-    License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
-    Programming Language :: Python
-    Topic :: Software Development :: Code Generators
-    Topic :: Software Development :: Compilers
-    Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Mathematics
-    Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows
-    Operating System :: POSIX
-    Operating System :: Unix
-    Operating System :: MacOS
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
-keywords =
-    aesara
-    math
-    numerical
-    symbolic
-    blas
-    numpy
-    autodiff
-    differentiation
-
-[options]
-packages = find:
-python_requires = >=3.7
-install_requires =
-    numpy >=1.17.0
-    scipy >=0.14
-    filelock
-    etuples
-    logical-unification
-    miniKanren
-    cons
-    typing_extensions
-    setuptools >=48.0.0
-
-[options.packages.find]
-exclude =
-    tests
-    tests.*
-
-[options.entry_points]
-console_scripts =
-    aesara-cache = bin.aesara_cache:main
-
-[options.package_data]
-* =
-    *.txt
-    *.rst
-    *.cu
-    *.cuh
-    *.c
-    *.sh
-    *.pkl
-    *.h
-    *.cpp
-    ChangeLog
-    c_code/*
-aesara =
-    py.typed
-aesara.misc =
-    *.sh
-aesara.d3viz =
-    html/*
-    css/*
-    js/*
-
-[flake8]
-select = C,E,F,W
-ignore = E203,E231,E501,E741,W503,W504,C901
-max-line-length = 88
-per-file-ignores =
-    **/__init__.py:F401,E402,F403
-    aesara/tensor/linalg.py:F401,F403
-    aesara/scalar/basic_scipy.py:E402,F403,F401
-    aesara/graph/toolbox.py:E402,F403,F401
-    aesara/link/jax/jax_dispatch.py:E402,F403,F401
-    aesara/link/jax/jax_linker.py:E402,F403,F401
-    aesara/sparse/sandbox/sp2.py:F401
-    tests/tensor/test_math_scipy.py:E402
-    tests/sparse/test_basic.py:E402
-    tests/sparse/test_opt.py:E402
-    tests/sparse/test_sp2.py:E402
-    tests/sparse/test_utils.py:E402,F401
-    tests/sparse/sandbox/test_sp.py:E402,F401
-    tests/scalar/test_basic_sympy.py:E402
-    aesara/graph/rewriting/unify.py:F811
-exclude =
-    versioneer.py
-    doc/
-    aesara/_version.py
-
-[coverage:run]
-omit =
-    aesara/_version.py
-    tests/*
-    aesara/assert_op.py
-    aesara/graph/opt.py
-    aesara/graph/opt_utils.py
-    aesara/graph/optdb.py
-    aesara/graph/kanren.py
-    aesara/graph/unify.py
-    aesara/link/jax/jax_linker.py
-    aesara/link/jax/jax_dispatch.py
-    aesara/graph/toolbox.py
-    aesara/scalar/basic_scipy.py
-branch = True
-relative_files = true
-
-[coverage:report]
-omit =
-    aesara/_version.py
-    tests/*
-exclude_lines =
-    pragma: no cover
-    if TYPE_CHECKING:
-show_missing = 1
-
 [versioneer]
 VCS = git
 style = pep440
 versionfile_source = aesara/_version.py
 versionfile_build = aesara/_version.py
 tag_prefix = rel-
-
-[tool:pytest]
-addopts = --durations=50
-testpaths = tests/
-
-[pylint]
-max-line-length = 88
-
-[pylint.messages_control]
-disable = C0330, C0326
-
-[isort]
-profile = black
-lines_after_imports = 2
-lines_between_sections = 1
-honor_noqa = True
-skip_gitignore = True
-skip = aesara/version.py
-skip_glob = **/*.pyx
-
-[mypy]
-ignore_missing_imports = True
-no_implicit_optional = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-strict_equality = True
-warn_redundant_casts = True
-warn_unused_configs = True
-warn_unused_ignores = True
-warn_return_any = True
-warn_no_return = False
-warn_unreachable = True
-show_error_codes = True
-allow_redefinition = False
-files = aesara,tests
-plugins = numpy.typing.mypy_plugin
-
-[mypy-versioneer]
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-doc.*]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-setup]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-tests.*]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara._version]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.compile.mode]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.compile.builders]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.compile.sharedvalue]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.compile.compilelock]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.compile.function.pfunc]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.compile.function.types]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.compile.debugmode]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.type]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.var]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.basic]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.elemwise]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.math]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.rewriting.basic]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.rewriting.shape]
-warn_unused_ignores = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.rewriting.elemwise]
-warn_unused_ignores = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.subtensor]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.shape]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.extra_ops]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.type_other]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.blas]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.blas_headers]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.slinalg]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.sharedvar]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.rewriting.math]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.blas_c]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.random.op]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.random.basic]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.random.utils]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.scan.op]
-warn_unused_ignores = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.link.numba.dispatch.extra_ops]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.link.numba.dispatch.elemwise]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.link.numba.dispatch.random]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.link.jax.dispatch]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.raise_op]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.nnet.conv3d2d]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.nnet.neighbours]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.nnet.abstract_conv]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.tensor.nnet.ctc]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.sandbox.*]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.ifelse]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.typed_list.*]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.sparse.basic]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
-
-[mypy-aesara.sparse.sharedvar]
-ignore_errors = True
-check_untyped_defs = False
\ No newline at end of file