From 10a32f333446cda9712a2ef01ba1ce7dcce374b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 09:26:22 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 01/15] Intro translated --- index-sr.html | 727 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 727 insertions(+) create mode 100644 index-sr.html diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f345e9f --- /dev/null +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -0,0 +1,727 @@ + + + + + + + + The Multiplicative Power of Masks + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ +
+
+

The Multiplicative Power of Masks

+

Interaktivni esej o tome kako nam maske mogu pomoći da okončamo COVID-19 pandemiju

+

by Aatish Bhatia ⨉ Minute Physics

+ +
+
+
+ +
+ +

+ Sada znamo da maske imaju ogroman efekat na usporavanje širenja bolesti COVID-19. + Ali ipak su neki ljudi protiv nošenja maski jer to vide kao lični izbor, a ne pitanje javnog zdravlja. +

+ +

+ Ovakav stav zanemaruje širu sliku jer maske štite nosioca i ljude oko njega. + Ovakva dvosmerna zaštita znači da je široko rasprostranjeno nošenje maski moćan način za gašenje epidemije. +

+ + + +

+ Ako odradimo računicu, videćemo da ako 60% ljudi nosi maske koje su 60% efektivne, širenje bolesti može pasti za do 60% - otprilike potreban procenat za zaustavljanje širenja koronavirusa. +

+ + + +

Say it, Don't Spray It

+ +

+ But first, let’s get a ballpark sense for some numbers. + When a person exhales, they spray out saliva particles of various tiny sizes. + If they're contagious, then this 'mouth spray' is loaded with viral particles. + This virus-laden saliva spray is the main way that COVID-19 spreads. +

+ +

When a contagious person breathes, they spray out roughly a thousand viral particles every minute.

+ +

When they talk, they spray out roughly ten thousand viral particles every minute.

+ +

When they cough, they spray out roughly a hundred thousand viral particles.

+ +

And when they sneeze, they spray out roughly a million viral particles.

+ +

+ The more viral particles travel from person to person, the higher the chance of infection. + (And if infected, people exposed to more viral particles generally experience more severe symptoms.) +

+ +
+ + Transmission Route 1: When a contagious person is near a susceptible person, their 'mouth spray' can spread disease. + +
+ +

Masks reduce the mouth spray traveling between people — by blocking or by redirecting the spray — thereby reducing the chance of infection.

+ +

+ It's worth keeping in mind that no mask is perfect. + Even the N95 masks recommended for health workers are only guaranteed to block 95% of the hardest-to-block particles (and that’s only if you wear them correctly). +

+ +

+ Masks don't guarantee safety, they reduce risk. + This is a lot like how an umbrella doesn't guarantee that you'll stay dry, but it does reduce your chance of getting wet. + Like umbrellas, masks only work if you use them correctly. + But unlike umbrellas, which only protect people who use them, masks also protect people around the wearer. +

+ +

+

+ +

Why Masks Protect Us Twice

+ +

+ Let’s imagine that a contagious person wears a 50 percent effective mask. + By '50 percent effective', I mean that wearing this mask cuts in half the chance that they'll infect a nearby susceptible person. +

+ +
+ + Transmission Route 2: When the contagious person wears a 50% effective mask, disease transmission drops by 50%. + +
+ +

But what if the susceptible person wears the mask instead?

+ +

+ In general, the effectiveness of a mask depends on whether you’re inhaling or exhaling through it. + For now, let’s keep things simple and assume that this mask is equally effective in either direction. +

+ +

In that case, the chance of infection in this route also drops by 50%.

+ +
+ + Transmission Route 3: When the susceptible person wears a 50% effective mask, disease transmission drops by 50%. + +
+ +

What if both the contagious and the susceptible person wear a mask?

+ +

+ Well, the first mask cuts the chance of infection in half, and the second mask once again cuts the chance of infection in half. + So when both people wear masks, the chance of infection is half of half, i.e. 25% (as compared to when neither wear masks). + That's a 75% drop in the chance of infection. +

+ +
+ + Transmission Route 4: When both people wear 50% effective masks, disease transmission drops by 75%. + +
+ +

+ If you think about it, it's surprising that a 50% effective mask can reduce the risk of infection by 75%. + This is possible because when both people wear masks, the chance of infection is halved twice. + This double protection makes masks much more effective than you might intuitively expect. +

+ +

So here are all four routes through which an airborne disease can spread from person to person.

+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+
Disease Transmission Route
+ + + + +
+ +
+
Drop in Disease Transmission
+
0%
+
50%
+
50%
+
75%
+
+ +
+ +
+ The four ways that COVID-19 can spread from person to person. This assumes a 50% effective mask. +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +

From People to The Population

+ +

+ So far, we've only looked at disease transmission between two people. + How do we go from here to understanding disease transmission in the entire population? +

+ +

Well, in the extreme limits, this is straightforward.

+ +

+ For example, if nobody wore a mask, then whenever two people meet, the chance that neither wear a mask is 100%. +

+ + + +

+ So we'd only have to consider the first route of disease transmission, and the population would see no drop in disease transmission. +

+ +

+ At the other extreme, if everyone wore a mask, then whenever two people meet, the chance that they both wear masks is 100%. +

+ + + +

+ In this case, we’d only have to consider the last route of disease transmission. + Assuming masks are 50% effective in each direction, the population would see a 75% drop in disease transmission. +

+ +

+ So when everyone wears a mask (or when no one wears one), it's straightforward to calculate the drop in disease transmission in the population, because there's only one route involved. +

+ +

+ But in reality, some people wear masks and others don’t. + Which means the virus can spread through a mix of all four routes. + How likely each route is will depend on how many people wear masks. +

+ + + + + +

+ For example, if 50% of people wear masks, then whenever two people meet at random, the chance that both people wear masks is 50% ⨉ 50%, i.e. 25%. + Similarly, you can work out the chance of the other three disease transmission routes. +

+ +

+ When exactly half the population wears masks, it turns out that each route is equally likely. + (Can you convince yourself why this has to be true?) +

+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+
Disease Transmission Route
+ + + + +
+ +
+
Drop in Disease Transmission
+
0%
+
50%
+
50%
+
75%
+
+ +
+
Chance of This Route
+
25%
+
25%
+
25%
+
25%
+
+ +
+ +
+ The four ways that COVID-19 can spread from person to person, assuming that 50% of people wear a 50% effective mask. +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +

+ We can now calculate the average drop in disease transmission in the population. + Since we’ve set things up so that each route is equally likely, this is just the average of 0%, 50%, 50% and 75%, which is 43.75%. +

+ +

+ People who don’t wear masks get infected via the first two routes, which are equally likely when half the population wears a mask. + So the drop in disease transmission to non-mask wearers is the average of 0% and 50%, which is 25%. +

+ +

+ Meanwhile, people who do wear masks get infected via the last two routes. + So the drop in disease transmission to mask-wearers is the average of 50% and 75%, which is 62.5%. +

+ +
+ +
+
+
+
Average Drop in Disease Transmission = 43.75%
+
Drop in Disease Transmission to Non-Mask Wearers = 25%
+
Drop in Disease Transmission to Mask-Wearers = 62.5%
+
+
+ (Assuming 50% of people wear a 50% effective mask.) +
+
+
+ +
+ +

+ So even non-mask wearers get a modest benefit, because the air they inhale is often mediated by other people’s masks. + But mask-wearers benefit much more, thanks to the added protection their masks provide. +

+ +

And since the population consists of both mask-wearers and non-mask wearers, the average benefit lies in between the benefit to these two groups.

+ +

So in this simplified example (where 50% of people wear 50% effective masks) we’ve worked out how to go from the benefit that masks offer an individual to the average benefit that masks offer a population.

+ +

Maskology

+ +

+ Let's apply this logic to any values of mask usage and mask effectiveness. + Vary the sliders below to see how masks moderate the spread of disease. +

+ +
+ +
+
+ + + + + + + +
+ +
+
Disease Transmission Route
+ + + + +
+ +
+
Drop in Disease Transmission
+
{{convertToPercent(d1)}}%
+
{{convertToPercent(d2)}}%
+
{{convertToPercent(d3)}}%
+
{{convertToPercent(d4)}}%
+
+ +
+
Chance of This Route
+
{{convertToPercent(l1)}}%
+
{{convertToPercent(l2)}}%
+
{{convertToPercent(l3)}}%
+
{{convertToPercent(l4)}}%
+
+ +
+ + +
+ Average Drop in Disease Transmission: {{convertToPercent(1 - (1 - ein * p) * (1 - eout * p))}}% +
+ +
+ Drop in Disease Transmission to Non-Mask Wearers: {{convertToPercent(eout * p)}}% +
+ +
+ Drop in Disease Transmission to Mask-Wearers: {{convertToPercent(1 - (1 - eout * p) * (1 - ein))}}% +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +

+ What happens to disease transmission if 60% of people wear a 60% effective mask? + Or 90% wear a 50% effective mask? + Or 50% wear a 90% effective mask? + This interactive lets you answer these questions. +

+ +

The conclusion: When more people wear masks, everyone is safer.

+ +

+ By filtering inhaled air, masks provide first-hand protection to those who wear them. + And by filtering or redirecting exhaled air, masks provide second-hand protection to everyone — including people who don't wear masks. +

+ + + + +

+ In fact, masks are even more effective than these numbers suggest. +

+ +

How To Stop An Epidemic

+ +

+ You put out a fire by starving it of oxygen. + But you don't need to get rid of all the oxygen, you only need to reduce it enough to stop the fire from growing. + It's the same with an epidemic — you don't need to cut disease transmission by 100%. + If you lower it just enough to stop the disease from spreading, you can extinguish the epidemic. +

+ +

+ You've probably heard of the epidemiology term R0, pronounced R-nought or R-zero. + This is the number of people that a contagious person can infect in a population with no prior immunity to the disease. +

+ +

When R0 exceeds 1, the disease will grow exponentially until either enough people get vaccinated, or enough people get infected and develop immunity to the disease.

+ +

+ But, as Ed Yong writes in the Atlantic, "R0 is not destiny". + R0 is a product of two numbers: the average number of people that a contagious person encounters, and the chance of infection upon contact. +

+ +
+ +
+
R0 = average number of people that a contagious person encounters
⨉ chance of infection upon contact
+
+ +
+ +

+ Social distancing, quarantines, and lockdowns decrease the first number. + And masks decrease the second number. + The goal of all these public health strategies is to bring the epidemic under control by pulling R0 beneath 1. +

+ +

+ With this in mind, let's re-express the impact of masks in terms of R0. + The graph below shows how R0 varies as mask-wearing increases. +

+ +

+ You can use the first slider to vary R0, which for COVID-19 is between 2 and 3 (that's in the absence of other public health measures such as social distancing, which further reduce R0.) + By varying the effectiveness of the masks, you can see how masks can help bring an epidemic under control. +

+ +
+ +
+
+ + + + + + + + + +
+
+ +
+ +

+ To stop the spread of COVID-19, we need to keep R0 beneath 1. + When this happens, on average, a contagious person will infect less than one person, and the epidemic will grind to a halt. +

+ +

+ So how many people need to wear a 50% effective mask to stop the spread of COVID-19? + What if masks were 75% effective? + Or 90% effective? + This interactive lets you predict answers to these questions. +

+ + + +

The Human Cost

+ +

+ We can take our understanding one step further by expressing the power of masks in more human terms. + Masks save lives by reducing the chance of infection which, in turn, shrinks the extent of the epidemic. +

+ +

+ As more people wear masks, R0 decreases. + And as R0 decreases, so does the number of infected people. + So we can get a clearer picture if instead of visualizing R0, we visualize the infected fraction of the population. +

+ +

+ By using a widely-adopted mathematical model of epidemics known as an SIR model, we can relate R0 to the fraction of people who will eventually be infected. + (To learn more about SIR models, I recommend watching this excellent video.) +

+ +

Although this model is a considerable simplification (e.g. it assumes random mixing between people and no lockdowns), it offers us a ballpark estimate of the human cost of not wearing masks.

+ +
+ +
+
+ + + + + + + + + +
+
+ +
+ +

+ This hill-shaped curve shows us how masks influence the size of an epidemic. + As more people wear masks, the number of infections plummet. +

+ +

+ When very few people wear masks, we're at the top of the hill, and most people will eventually get infected. + But every step to the right moves us further down. + So even partially effective masks, when partially adopted, can help reduce the spread of COVID-19. +

+ +

+ To completely stop the spread, we need to get to the bottom of this hill. + But there's a silver lining: as more people wear masks, the hill grows steeper. + Which means masks provide greater returns to society as more people wear them. +

+ +

+ If enough people wear masks, we can reach the bottom of the hill, where the chance of infection is zero. + This is how masks can end an epidemic. + But masks can only end an epidemic if enough people wear them. +

+ +

+ You might wonder how many people have to wear masks to end an epidemic. + Well, that depends on how effective the masks are. +

+ +

+ By playing with interactive above, you'll see that if masks were 50% effective, we'd need roughly three-quarters of the population to wear them to stop the spread of COVID-19. + But if masks were 75% effective, we'd only need half the population to wear them to stop the spread. +

+ +

+ The more effective the mask, the faster we can descend the hill. + That's why it's important to wear a mask that tightly seals your mouth and nose, and is made from an effective filtering material. +

+ +

+ We all want to get to the bottom of the hill and stop the spread of COVID-19. + But you can't get there by yourself. + Each person can only take a tiny step downwards. +

+ +

However, when many people take this small step, together, we take a giant leap down the hill.

+ +

Together, we can get to the bottom of the hill.

+ +

Together, we can hit the brakes on COVID-19.

+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
+

Credits & References

+ +

This essay was created by Aatish Bhatia in collaboration with Henry Reich.

+ +

Check out our companion video for a snappy visual take on the math of masks! The video was supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation. Here's the mask math calculator shown in the video.

+ +

+ Many thanks to Upasana Roy, Manu Prakash, David Fisman, Monica Gandhi, and Vijay Ravikumar for their helpful feedback on drafts of this essay. +

+ +

+ If you found this essay valuable and would like to see more work like this in future, you can support my work on Patreon. +

+ +

+ Here are some informative resources on the filtering ability of common mask materials. + While masks vary a lot in effectiveness depending on their material and fit, some materials can exceed 80% filtering ability when used in a tightly-sealed mask. +

+ +

+ For the algebra enthusiasts among you (you know who you are), here's a writeup covering the math in more detail. + The graphs in this essay extend the work of Brienen et al to account for the bidirectional effectiveness of masks. +

+ +

+ The bidirectional model of masks underlying this essay was to my knowledge first published in a preprint by Tian et al (Table S3 and Fig S4). + This was highlighted by Howard et al in their review article and accompanying essay, and further popularized by Zeynep Tufekci, Jeremy Howard, Trisha Greenhalgh in the Atlantic, and by Atul Gawande in the New Yorker, who writes, "The more effective the mask, the bigger the impact." +

+ +

+ This text is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 license. The source code is available on Github. The emojis are created by Twitter and were modified to include a custom mask design. +

+ +

+ Thanks for reading, and stay safe! 😷 +

+ +
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + From 2f71a1e721bf3b86e60c45dd60a019dfc2d347be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 09:48:53 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 02/15] Transmission Route 1 section translation --- index-sr.html | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------- 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-) diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html index f345e9f..78325a9 100644 --- a/index-sr.html +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@

The Multiplicative Power of Masks

Interaktivni esej o tome kako nam maske mogu pomoći da okončamo COVID-19 pandemiju

-

by Aatish Bhatia ⨉ Minute Physics

+

priredili Aatish Bhatia ⨉ Minute Physics

@@ -79,53 +79,53 @@

by Aatish Bhatia ⨉ spray out saliva particles of various tiny sizes. - If they're contagious, then this 'mouth spray' is loaded with viral particles. - This virus-laden saliva spray is the main way that COVID-19 spreads. + Hajde za početak da steknemo osećaj za opseg kome neke brojke pripadaju. + Kada osoba izdahne, izbaci čestice pljuvačke različitih sitnih veličina. + Ako su zarazni, ovaj "sprej iz usta" je pun virusnih čestica. + Ovakav sprej pljuvačke pun virusa je glavni način na koji se COVID-19 širi.

-

When a contagious person breathes, they spray out roughly a thousand viral particles every minute.

+

Kada zarazna osoba diše, izbaci otprilike hiljadu virusnih čestica u minuti.

-

When they talk, they spray out roughly ten thousand viral particles every minute.

+

Kada priča, izbaci otprilike deset hiljada virusnih čestica u minuti.

-

When they cough, they spray out roughly a hundred thousand viral particles.

+

Kada kašlje, izbaci otprilike sto hiljada virusnih čestica.

-

And when they sneeze, they spray out roughly a million viral particles.

+

A kada kine, izbaci otprilike milion virusnih čestica.

- The more viral particles travel from person to person, the higher the chance of infection. - (And if infected, people exposed to more viral particles generally experience more severe symptoms.) + Što više virusnih čestica pređe od osobe do osobe, to su veće šanse za infekciju. + (I ako se inficiraju, ljudi koji su izloženi većem broju virusnih čestica uobičajeno imaju znatno gore simptome.)

- Transmission Route 1: When a contagious person is near a susceptible person, their 'mouth spray' can spread disease. + Prvi način prenosa: Kada je zarazna osoba u blizini podložne osobe, njihov "sprej iz usta" može raširiti zarazu.
-

Masks reduce the mouth spray traveling between people — by blocking or by redirecting the spray — thereby reducing the chance of infection.

+

Maske smanjuju količinu spreja iz usta koji putuje između ljudi tako što ga blokiraju ili skreću, te tako smanjuju šansu infekcije.

- It's worth keeping in mind that no mask is perfect. - Even the N95 masks recommended for health workers are only guaranteed to block 95% of the hardest-to-block particles (and that’s only if you wear them correctly). + Bitno je napomenuti da nijedna maska nije savršena. + Čak i N95 maske koje su preporučene za zdravstvene radnike garantuju da će blokirati samo 95% čestica koje su teške za blokiranje (i to samo pod uslovom da se nose pravilno).

- Masks don't guarantee safety, they reduce risk. - This is a lot like how an umbrella doesn't guarantee that you'll stay dry, but it does reduce your chance of getting wet. - Like umbrellas, masks only work if you use them correctly. - But unlike umbrellas, which only protect people who use them, masks also protect people around the wearer. + Maske ne garantuju bezbednost, već smanjuju rizik. + Može se reći da je ovo slično načinu na koji kišobran ne garantuje da će osoba ostati suva, ali smanjuje šanse da će se nakvasiti. + Kao i kišobrani, maske rade samo ako se koriste pravilno. + Analogija tu staje jer nasuprot kišobranima, koji štite samo one koji ih koriste, maske štite i ljude u blizini nosioca.

-

Why Masks Protect Us Twice

+

Zašto nas maske štite duplo

- Let’s imagine that a contagious person wears a 50 percent effective mask. - By '50 percent effective', I mean that wearing this mask cuts in half the chance that they'll infect a nearby susceptible person. + Zamislimo da zarazna osoba nosi 50% efektivnu masku. + Pod time da je maska "50% efektivna" želim da kažem da ova maska upola smanjuje šansu da će nosilac zaraziti podložnu osobu u blizini.

From 9df8c9c5936795f287fe9c38c82f5a45fdba6c2e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 09:58:09 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 03/15] Transmission Route 2, 3, 4 translated --- index-sr.html | 24 ++++++++++++------------ 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html index 78325a9..ce36460 100644 --- a/index-sr.html +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@

priredili Aatish Bhatia ⨉ - Pogledajte prateći video: Zašto maske rade BOLJE nego što biste pomislili (eng. Why Masks Work BETTER Than You'd Think) + Pogledajte prateći video: Zašto maske rade BOLJE nego što biste pomislili
(eng. Why Masks Work BETTER Than You'd Think) @@ -130,36 +130,36 @@

Zašto nas maske štite duplo

- Transmission Route 2: When the contagious person wears a 50% effective mask, disease transmission drops by 50%. + Drugi način prenosa: Kada zarazna osoba nosi 50% efektivnu masku, prenos bolesti se smanji za 50%.
-

But what if the susceptible person wears the mask instead?

+

A šta ako je podložna osoba ta koja nosi masku?

- In general, the effectiveness of a mask depends on whether you’re inhaling or exhaling through it. - For now, let’s keep things simple and assume that this mask is equally effective in either direction. + Uopšteno, efektivnost maske zavisi od toga da li udišemo ili izdišemo kroz nju. + Za sad, hajde da pojednostavimo stvari tako što ćemo pretpostaviti da je ova maska podjednako efikasna u oba smera.

-

In that case, the chance of infection in this route also drops by 50%.

+

U tom slučaju, šansa za infekciju ovim putem takođe opada za 50%.

- Transmission Route 3: When the susceptible person wears a 50% effective mask, disease transmission drops by 50%. + Treći način prenosa: Kada podložna osoba nosi 50% efektivnu masku, prenos bolesti se smanji za 50%.
-

What if both the contagious and the susceptible person wear a mask?

+

Šta ako i zarazna i podložna osoba nose masku?

- Well, the first mask cuts the chance of infection in half, and the second mask once again cuts the chance of infection in half. - So when both people wear masks, the chance of infection is half of half, i.e. 25% (as compared to when neither wear masks). - That's a 75% drop in the chance of infection. + Prva maska upola smanjuje verovatnoću druge infekcije, a druga maska takođe upola smanjuje verovatnoću infekcije. + Dakle, kada obe osobe nose maske, verovatnoća infekcije je pola od pola, tj. 25% (u poređenju sa situacijom kad niko ne nosi masku). + To znači da je verovatnoća da se podložna osoba zarazi za 75% manja nego bez maski.

- Transmission Route 4: When both people wear 50% effective masks, disease transmission drops by 75%. + Četvrti način prenosa: Kada obe osobe nose 50% efektivne maske, prenos bolesti se smanji za 75%.
From 32cdeaf48e0cad89d6e79e5bd0ba96569a2133ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 10:05:08 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 04/15] Say It Don't Spray It Section translated --- index-sr.html | 14 +++++++------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html index ce36460..931150e 100644 --- a/index-sr.html +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -164,12 +164,12 @@

Zašto nas maske štite duplo

- If you think about it, it's surprising that a 50% effective mask can reduce the risk of infection by 75%. - This is possible because when both people wear masks, the chance of infection is halved twice. - This double protection makes masks much more effective than you might intuitively expect. + Naizgled je iznenađujuće što maske sa 50% efektivnosti mogu da smanje rizik od infekcije za 75%. + Ovo je moguće jer kad obe osobe nose maske, verovatnoća infekcije se dvaput prepolovljuje. + Ova dvostruka zaštita čini da maske budu mnogo efektivnije nego što biste možda intuitivno očekivali.

-

So here are all four routes through which an airborne disease can spread from person to person.

+

Slede sva četiri nabrojana načina na koji se vazdušno prenosiva zaraza može preneti s osobe na osobu.

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@

Zašto nas maske štite duplo

-
Disease Transmission Route
+
Prvi način prenosa
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@

Zašto nas maske štite duplo

-
Drop in Disease Transmission
+
Smanjenje prenosa bolesti
0%
50%
50%
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@

Zašto nas maske štite duplo

- The four ways that COVID-19 can spread from person to person. This assumes a 50% effective mask. + Četiri načina na koje se COVID-19 može preneti s osobe na osobu. Ovde je pretpostavljeno da je maska 50% efektivna.
From 0f18c37eb5a65fc5d2670f43c6bc731bfdd8ebcb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 10:08:55 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 05/15] Fix accidental backslash in previous commit --- index-sr.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html index 931150e..041d80d 100644 --- a/index-sr.html +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@

priredili Aatish Bhatia ⨉ - Pogledajte prateći video: Zašto maske rade BOLJE nego što biste pomislili
(eng. Why Masks Work BETTER Than You'd Think) + Pogledajte prateći video: Zašto maske rade BOLJE nego što biste pomislili
(eng. Why Masks Work BETTER Than You'd Think)

From a9a83d79c51ef6f5f80b5ca212c7a5070a238e54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 10:49:32 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 06/15] From People to Population section translation --- index-sr.html | 72 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------- 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-) diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html index 041d80d..ba69bf4 100644 --- a/index-sr.html +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -206,61 +206,61 @@

Zašto nas maske štite duplo

-

From People to The Population

+

Od pojedinaca do populacije

- So far, we've only looked at disease transmission between two people. - How do we go from here to understanding disease transmission in the entire population? + Za sada smo samo razgovarali o prenosu bolesti između dve osobe. + Kako da odatle pređemo na razumevanje prenosa bolesti u celokupnoj populaciji?

-

Well, in the extreme limits, this is straightforward.

+

Najlakše je doći do zaključka za ekstreme.

- For example, if nobody wore a mask, then whenever two people meet, the chance that neither wear a mask is 100%. + Na primer, ako niko ne bi nosio masku, onda bi verovatnoća da kada god se dve osobe sretnu nikoja ne nosi masku bila 100%.

- So we'd only have to consider the first route of disease transmission, and the population would see no drop in disease transmission. + U tom slučaju, morali bismo da razmatramo samo prvi način prenosa bolesti, tako da u populaciji ne bi bilo pada u prenosu bolesti.

- At the other extreme, if everyone wore a mask, then whenever two people meet, the chance that they both wear masks is 100%. + U drugom ekstremu imamo situaciju kada bi svi ljudi nosili maske. Tada bi kad god se dve osobe sretnu, verovatnoća da obe nose masku bila 100%.

- In this case, we’d only have to consider the last route of disease transmission. - Assuming masks are 50% effective in each direction, the population would see a 75% drop in disease transmission. + U ovom slučaju, trebalo bi samo razmotriti četvrti način prenosa bolesti. + Pod pretpostavkom da je maska 50% efektivna u svakom smeru, u populaciji bi bilo 75% manje prenosa bolesti.

- So when everyone wears a mask (or when no one wears one), it's straightforward to calculate the drop in disease transmission in the population, because there's only one route involved. + Dakle, kada svako nosi masku (ili kada je niko ne nosi), lako je izračunati za koliko će prenos bolesti opasti u populaciji, jer je u račun uključen samo jedan način prenosa.

- But in reality, some people wear masks and others don’t. - Which means the virus can spread through a mix of all four routes. - How likely each route is will depend on how many people wear masks. + U realnosti, pak, neki ljudi nose maske, a neki ne. + To znači da se virus može prenositi kroz mešavinu sva četiri načina. + Kolika je verovatnoća kog načina prenosa zavisi od toga koliko ljudi nosi maske.

- For example, if 50% of people wear masks, then whenever two people meet at random, the chance that both people wear masks is 50% ⨉ 50%, i.e. 25%. - Similarly, you can work out the chance of the other three disease transmission routes. + Na primer, ako 50% ljudi nosi maske, kad god se dve nasumične osobe sretnu, verovatnoća da obe nose masku je 50% ⨉ 50%, tj. 25%. + Na sličan način se može izračunati verovatnoća za druge puteve prenosa.

- When exactly half the population wears masks, it turns out that each route is equally likely. - (Can you convince yourself why this has to be true?) + Kada tačno pola populacije nosi maske, ispostavlja se da je svaki način prenosa jednako verovatan. + (Možete li dokazati sebi zašto ovo mora biti tačno?)

@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@

From People to The Population

-
Disease Transmission Route
+
Način prenosa bolesti
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@

From People to The Population

-
Drop in Disease Transmission
+
Pad u prenosu bolesti
0%
50%
50%
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@

From People to The Population

-
Chance of This Route
+
Verovatnoća da se bolest prenese na ovaj način
25%
25%
25%
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@

From People to The Population

- The four ways that COVID-19 can spread from person to person, assuming that 50% of people wear a 50% effective mask. + Četiri načina na koje se COVID-19 može preneti s osobe na osobu, pod pretpostavkom da 50% ljudi nosi 50% efektivnu masku.
@@ -306,18 +306,18 @@

From People to The Population

- We can now calculate the average drop in disease transmission in the population. - Since we’ve set things up so that each route is equally likely, this is just the average of 0%, 50%, 50% and 75%, which is 43.75%. + Sada možemo izračunati koliko prosečno opadne prenos bolesti u populaciji. + Pošto smo podesili parametre tako da je svaki način prenosa bolesti jednako verovatan, dovoljno je da izračunamo prosek vrednosti 0%, 50%, 50% i 75%, što je 43.75%.

- People who don’t wear masks get infected via the first two routes, which are equally likely when half the population wears a mask. - So the drop in disease transmission to non-mask wearers is the average of 0% and 50%, which is 25%. + Ljudi koji ne nose maske se inficiraju na prva dva načina, koja su podjednako verovatna kada pola populacije nosi maske. + Pad u prenosu bolesti onima koji ne nose maske je prosek od 0% i 50%, što je 25%.

- Meanwhile, people who do wear masks get infected via the last two routes. - So the drop in disease transmission to mask-wearers is the average of 50% and 75%, which is 62.5%. + Istovremeno, ljudi kojinose maske se inficiraju na druga dva načina. + Pad u prenosu bolesti ljudima koji nose maske je prosek od 50% i 75%, što je 62.5%.

@@ -325,12 +325,12 @@

From People to The Population

-
Average Drop in Disease Transmission = 43.75%
-
Drop in Disease Transmission to Non-Mask Wearers = 25%
-
Drop in Disease Transmission to Mask-Wearers = 62.5%
+
Prosečan pad u prenosu bolesti = 43.75%
+
Pad u prenosu bolesti onima koji ne nose maske = 25%
+
Pad u prenosu bolesti onima koji nose maske = 62.5%
- (Assuming 50% of people wear a 50% effective mask.) + (Pod pretpostavkom da 50% ljudi nosi 50% efektivne maske.)
@@ -338,13 +338,13 @@

From People to The Population

- So even non-mask wearers get a modest benefit, because the air they inhale is often mediated by other people’s masks. - But mask-wearers benefit much more, thanks to the added protection their masks provide. + Dakle, čak i oni koji ne nose maske imaju solidnu korist od ovakve situacije jer je vazduh koji udišu često manje zarazan zahvaljujući tuđim maskama. + Ali nosioci maski imaju mnogo veću korist zahvaljujući dodatnoj zaštiti koju dobijaju od sopstvene maske.

-

And since the population consists of both mask-wearers and non-mask wearers, the average benefit lies in between the benefit to these two groups.

+

Pošto se populacija sastoji od ljudi koji nose i ne nose maske, prosečna korist je negde između ove dve vrednosti.

-

So in this simplified example (where 50% of people wear 50% effective masks) we’ve worked out how to go from the benefit that masks offer an individual to the average benefit that masks offer a population.

+

U našem pojednostavljenom primeru (gde 50% ljudi nosi 50% efektivne maske) shvatili smo kako na osnovu koristi koju od maske imaju pojedinci da dobijemo prosečnu korist koju maske donose populaciji.

Maskology

From 98e9478ff36b14c4fcd4e715a53aa42772b2f531 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 11:06:50 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 07/15] Maskology translated --- index-sr.html | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------- 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-) diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html index ba69bf4..dbfe031 100644 --- a/index-sr.html +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -346,10 +346,10 @@

Od pojedinaca do populacije

U našem pojednostavljenom primeru (gde 50% ljudi nosi 50% efektivne maske) shvatili smo kako na osnovu koristi koju od maske imaju pojedinci da dobijemo prosečnu korist koju maske donose populaciji.

-

Maskology

+

Maskologija

- Let's apply this logic to any values of mask usage and mask effectiveness. + Primenimo ovu logiku na bilo koju vrednost procenta populacije koji koristi maske i efektivnosti maske. Vary the sliders below to see how masks moderate the spread of disease.

@@ -359,24 +359,24 @@

Maskology

-
Disease Transmission Route
+
Način prenosa bolesti
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@

Maskology

-
Drop in Disease Transmission
+
Pad u prenosu bolesti
{{convertToPercent(d1)}}%
{{convertToPercent(d2)}}%
{{convertToPercent(d3)}}%
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@

Maskology

-
Chance of This Route
+
Verovatnoća ovog načina prenosa bolesti
{{convertToPercent(l1)}}%
{{convertToPercent(l2)}}%
{{convertToPercent(l3)}}%
@@ -403,15 +403,15 @@

Maskology

- Average Drop in Disease Transmission: {{convertToPercent(1 - (1 - ein * p) * (1 - eout * p))}}% + Prosečan pad u prenosu bolesti: {{convertToPercent(1 - (1 - ein * p) * (1 - eout * p))}}%
- Drop in Disease Transmission to Non-Mask Wearers: {{convertToPercent(eout * p)}}% + Pad u prenosu bolesti onima koji ne nose maske: {{convertToPercent(eout * p)}}%
- Drop in Disease Transmission to Mask-Wearers: {{convertToPercent(1 - (1 - eout * p) * (1 - ein))}}% + Pad u prenosu bolesti onima koji nose maske: {{convertToPercent(1 - (1 - eout * p) * (1 - ein))}}%
@@ -420,40 +420,40 @@

Maskology

- What happens to disease transmission if 60% of people wear a 60% effective mask? - Or 90% wear a 50% effective mask? - Or 50% wear a 90% effective mask? - This interactive lets you answer these questions. + Šta se dešava sa prenosom bolesti ako 60% ljudi nosi 60% efektivne maske? + Ili 90% nosi 50% efektivne maske? + Ili 50% nosi 90% efektivne maske? + Ovaj interaktivna tabela ti omogućava da dobiješ odgovor na ova pitanja.

-

The conclusion: When more people wear masks, everyone is safer.

+

Zaključak: Kada više ljudi nosi maske, svi su bezbedniji.

- By filtering inhaled air, masks provide first-hand protection to those who wear them. - And by filtering or redirecting exhaled air, masks provide second-hand protection to everyone — including people who don't wear masks. + Filtriranjem vazduha koji udišemo, maske nude direktnu zaštitu onima koji ih nose. + Filtriranjem ili skretanjem vazduha koji izdišemo, maske nude indirektnu zaštitu svima — uključujući i ljude koji ne nose maske.

- In fact, masks are even more effective than these numbers suggest. + Zapravo, maske su još efektivnije nego što ovi brojevi sugerišu.

How To Stop An Epidemic

From d19c22f8ffdb098a2078a6291b31e1900dc0a283 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 11:10:17 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 08/15] Language code updated to sr --- index-sr.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html index dbfe031..238a144 100644 --- a/index-sr.html +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ - + From 0f0dc6dab437d56ce04f01cdc590bad7f512d06a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 11:12:19 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 09/15] added Serbian language to js translation list --- js/vue-definitions.js | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/js/vue-definitions.js b/js/vue-definitions.js index 123b6ae..d49b88c 100644 --- a/js/vue-definitions.js +++ b/js/vue-definitions.js @@ -263,6 +263,7 @@ let app = new Vue({ { url: 'index-nl.html', language: 'Nederlands' }, { url: 'index-ca.html', language: 'Català' }, { url: 'index-pl.html', language: 'Polski' }, + { url: 'index-sr.html', language: 'Srpski' }, ] }, From ed87e761e7d574d69ab22e622d0a6bbe0fe412a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 11:45:37 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 10/15] How to Stop an Epidemic translation --- index-sr.html | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------- 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-) diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html index 238a144..54c7f2a 100644 --- a/index-sr.html +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -456,49 +456,49 @@

Maskologija

Zapravo, maske su još efektivnije nego što ovi brojevi sugerišu.

-

How To Stop An Epidemic

+

Kako zaustaviti epidemiju

- You put out a fire by starving it of oxygen. - But you don't need to get rid of all the oxygen, you only need to reduce it enough to stop the fire from growing. - It's the same with an epidemic — you don't need to cut disease transmission by 100%. - If you lower it just enough to stop the disease from spreading, you can extinguish the epidemic. + Možeš da ugasiš požar uskraćujući vatri kiseonik. + Ali ne moraš se otarasiti svog kiseonika, dovoljno je smanjiti dotok istog dovoljno da se spreči rast vatre. + Isto je i sa epidemijom — ne mora se smanjiti prenos bolesti za 100%. + Ako ga smanjimo dovoljno da zaustavimo širenje virusa, možemo ugasiti epidemiju.

- You've probably heard of the epidemiology term R0, pronounced R-nought or R-zero. - This is the number of people that a contagious person can infect in a population with no prior immunity to the disease. + Verovatno ste čuli za epidemiološki termin R0. + To je broj ljudi koje zarazna osoba može da inficira u populaciji koja nema nikakav imunitet na tu bolest od ranije.

-

When R0 exceeds 1, the disease will grow exponentially until either enough people get vaccinated, or enough people get infected and develop immunity to the disease.

+

Kada je R0 preko 1, bolest će se širiti eksponencijalno dok ili ne vakcinišemo dovoljno ljudi ili se dovoljno ljudi ne razboli i razvije tim putem imunitet na virus.

- But, as Ed Yong writes in the Atlantic, "R0 is not destiny". - R0 is a product of two numbers: the average number of people that a contagious person encounters, and the chance of infection upon contact. + Ali, kao što Ed Jong (eng. Ed Yong) piše za "Atlantic", "R0 nije sudbina". + R0 je proizvod dva broja: prosečnog broja osoba koje zarazna osoba sretne i verovatnoće da se desi infekcija prilikom tog kontakta.

-
R0 = average number of people that a contagious person encounters
⨉ chance of infection upon contact
+
R0 = prosečan broj osoba koje zarazna osoba sretne
⨉ verovatnoća da se desi infekcija prilikom tog kontakta

- Social distancing, quarantines, and lockdowns decrease the first number. - And masks decrease the second number. - The goal of all these public health strategies is to bring the epidemic under control by pulling R0 beneath 1. + Fizičko distanciranje, karantiniranje, i mere zabrane kretanja mogu da smanje prvi broj. + Maske smanjuju drugi broj. + Cilj svih ovih strategija javnog zdravlja je da se epidemija dovede pod kontrolu tako što smanjimo R0 ispod 1.

- With this in mind, let's re-express the impact of masks in terms of R0. - The graph below shows how R0 varies as mask-wearing increases. + Sa ovim na umu, izvedimo uticaj maski na R0. + Grafik ispod prikazuje kako R0 varira u odnosu na porast procenta populacije koji nosi maske.

- You can use the first slider to vary R0, which for COVID-19 is between 2 and 3 (that's in the absence of other public health measures such as social distancing, which further reduce R0.) - By varying the effectiveness of the masks, you can see how masks can help bring an epidemic under control. + Prvi slajder možete koristiti za menjanje R0, koji je za COVID-19 između 2 i 3 (u odsustvu bilo kakvih mera javnog zdravlja kao što su fizičko distanciranje, koje mogu smanjiti R0). + Menjanjem efektivnosti masaka, možete videti kako maske mogu pomoći u dovođenje epidemije pod kontrolu.

@@ -512,12 +512,12 @@

How To Stop An Epidemic

@@ -535,30 +535,30 @@

How To Stop An Epidemic

- To stop the spread of COVID-19, we need to keep R0 beneath 1. - When this happens, on average, a contagious person will infect less than one person, and the epidemic will grind to a halt. + Da bismo zaustavili širenje COVID-19, moramo održati R0 ispod 1. + Kada se ovo desi, u proseku, zarazna osoba će inficirati manje od jedne osobe, što će zaustaviti epidemiju.

- So how many people need to wear a 50% effective mask to stop the spread of COVID-19? - What if masks were 75% effective? - Or 90% effective? - This interactive lets you predict answers to these questions. + Dakle, koliko ljudi mora da nosi 50% efektivnu masku da bismo zaustavili širenje COVID-19? + Šta ako su maske 75% efektivne? + Ili 90% efektivne? + Ovaj interaktivni grafik može ti dati odgovore na ova pitanja.

From 0ae629c168703ce4a549c8042b4d8fab72c2f780 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 11:49:02 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 11/15] minor fix to author names --- index-sr.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html index 54c7f2a..c2625ec 100644 --- a/index-sr.html +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -558,7 +558,7 @@

Kako zaustaviti epidemiju

Slično, ljudi koji ne nose maske možda žive u krugovima gde je procenat populacije koji nosi maske manji od prosečnog. Ova tendencija da se interaguje sa onima koji imaju slične preference smanjuje zaštitnu moć maski jer ljudi koji ne nose maske zbog toga imaju manju prosečnu korist od činjenice da drugi nose maske, jer će u proseku biti u manje takvih interakcija.

- Kao što autori Dejvid Fisman (eng. David Fisman), Ejmi Grir (eng. Amy Greer), i Ešli Tut (eng. Ashleigh Tuite) pišu u svojoj analizi, "uticaj maski i ostalih zaštita za lice u smanjenju prenosa COVID-19 će verovatno biti najveći ako se pažnja obrati na obezbeđivanje maski populacijama u nepovoljnom položaju". + Kao što autori Dejvid Fisman, Ejmi Grir, i Ešli Tut (eng. David Fisman, Amy Greer, Ashleigh Tuite) pišu u analizi, "uticaj maski i ostalih zaštita za lice u smanjenju prenosa COVID-19 će verovatno biti najveći ako se pažnja obrati na obezbeđivanje maski populacijama u nepovoljnom položaju". From 25b474258821681f521766d2b4f7e202c4a3d9a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 12:28:26 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 12/15] The Human Cost section translation and Don't Spray It, Say it title translation --- index-sr.html | 70 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------- 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-) diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html index c2625ec..3c84523 100644 --- a/index-sr.html +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@

priredili Aatish Bhatia ⨉ SIR model, we can relate R0 to the fraction of people who will eventually be infected. - (To learn more about SIR models, I recommend watching this excellent video.) + Korišćenjem opšteprihvaćenog matematičkog modela epidemija poznatog kao SIR model, možemo izvesti vezu R0 i dela populacije koji će kad-tad biti inficiran. + (Za više informacija o SIR modelu, preporučujemo ovaj izvaredan video.)

-

Although this model is a considerable simplification (e.g. it assumes random mixing between people and no lockdowns), it offers us a ballpark estimate of the human cost of not wearing masks.

+

Iako je ovaj model prilično pojednostavljenje (npr. pretpostavlja da ljudi nasumično biraju s kim će interagovati i da neće biti mera zabrane kretanja), nudi nam aproksimaciju štete po ljude ako ne nosimo maske masovno.

@@ -593,12 +593,12 @@

The Human Cost

@@ -616,54 +616,54 @@

The Human Cost

- This hill-shaped curve shows us how masks influence the size of an epidemic. - As more people wear masks, the number of infections plummet. + Brdolika kriva nam pokazuje kako maske utiču na veličinu epidemije. + Što više ljudi nosi maske, to broj infekcija više pada.

- When very few people wear masks, we're at the top of the hill, and most people will eventually get infected. - But every step to the right moves us further down. - So even partially effective masks, when partially adopted, can help reduce the spread of COVID-19. + Kada jako malo ljudi nosi maske, na vrhu smo krive i većina ljudi će se kad-tad inficirati. + Ali svaki korak nadesno nas spušta još više na dole. + Dakle, čak i delimično efektivne maske koje samo deo populacije nosi mogu pomoći da se smanji širenje koronavirusa.

- To completely stop the spread, we need to get to the bottom of this hill. - But there's a silver lining: as more people wear masks, the hill grows steeper. - Which means masks provide greater returns to society as more people wear them. + Da bismo sasvim zaustavili širenje, moramo doći na dno ovog brda. + U svakom zlu ima i dobra: što više ljudi nosi maske, brdo je strmije. + To znači da make doprinose sve veću dobit društvu što ih više ljudi nosi.

- If enough people wear masks, we can reach the bottom of the hill, where the chance of infection is zero. - This is how masks can end an epidemic. - But masks can only end an epidemic if enough people wear them. + Ako dovoljno ljudi nosi maske, možemo doći do dna brda, gde je šansa infekcije skoro 0. + Ovako maske mogu okončati epidemiju. + Ali maske mogu okončati epidemiju samo ako ih dovoljno ljudi nosi.

- You might wonder how many people have to wear masks to end an epidemic. - Well, that depends on how effective the masks are. + Možda se pitate koliko ljudi moraju da nose maske da bi se završila epidemija. + To zavisi od toga koliko su maske efektivne.

- By playing with interactive above, you'll see that if masks were 50% effective, we'd need roughly three-quarters of the population to wear them to stop the spread of COVID-19. - But if masks were 75% effective, we'd only need half the population to wear them to stop the spread. + Ako se igrate sa grafikom iznad, videćete da ako bi maske bile 50% efektivne, trebalo bi da ih otprilike tri četvrtine populacije nosi da se zaustavi širenje koronavirusa. + Ali ako su maske 75% efektivne, bilo bi dovoljno da ih pola populacije nosi da bi se zaustavilo širenje.

- The more effective the mask, the faster we can descend the hill. - That's why it's important to wear a mask that tightly seals your mouth and nose, and is made from an effective filtering material. + Što je efektivnija maska, to brže možemo da se spustimo niz brdo. + Zato je bitno nositi masku koja prijanja uz lice i pokriva usta i nos, i koja je pravljena od materijala koji je dobar za filtraciju.

- We all want to get to the bottom of the hill and stop the spread of COVID-19. - But you can't get there by yourself. - Each person can only take a tiny step downwards. + Svi želimo da dođemo na dno brda i zaustavimo širenje koronavirusa. + Ali ne možeš dostići taj cilj sam. + Svaka osoba može napraviti malecni korak nadole.

-

However, when many people take this small step, together, we take a giant leap down the hill.

+

Ipak, kada mnogo ljudi napravi takav malecni korak, zajedno, možemo napraviti ogroman skok nadole.

-

Together, we can get to the bottom of the hill.

+

Zajedno možemo doći do dna brda.

-

Together, we can hit the brakes on COVID-19.

+

Zajedno možemo zaustaviti COVID-19.

From d8127e7736a17905313471f1316c3aacdc977854 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 12:50:18 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 13/15] Credits translated, credited myself --- index-sr.html | 26 +++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html index 3c84523..01cb41a 100644 --- a/index-sr.html +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -675,41 +675,41 @@

Cena po ljude

-

Credits & References

+

Zasluge i reference

-

This essay was created by Aatish Bhatia in collaboration with Henry Reich.

+

Ovaj esej napravio je Aatish Bhatia u saradnji sa Henry Reich. Prevela na srpski Darinka Zobenica.

-

Check out our companion video for a snappy visual take on the math of masks! The video was supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation. Here's the mask math calculator shown in the video.

+

Bacite pogled na naš propratni video za kul vizualni prikaz matematike maski! Ovaj video je napravljen uz podršku fondacije "Heising-Simons Foundation". Evo kalkulatora za matematiku masaka prikazanog u videu.

- Many thanks to Upasana Roy, Manu Prakash, David Fisman, Monica Gandhi, and Vijay Ravikumar for their helpful feedback on drafts of this essay. + Zahvaljujemo se duboko Upasana Roy, Manu Prakash, David Fisman, Monica Gandhi, i Vijay Ravikumar za deljenje utisaka i mišljenja tokom kreiranja prvih verzija ovog eseja.

- If you found this essay valuable and would like to see more work like this in future, you can support my work on Patreon. + Ako vam se ovaj esej svideo i voleli biste da vidite još sličnih u budućnosti, možete podržati moj rad na Patreonu.

- Here are some informative resources on the filtering ability of common mask materials. - While masks vary a lot in effectiveness depending on their material and fit, some materials can exceed 80% filtering ability when used in a tightly-sealed mask. + Evo some informativnih resursa vezanih za filtracione mogućnosti uobičajenih materijala od kojih se prave maske. + Iako maske dosta variraju u efektivnosti u zavisnosti od materijala i toga koliko dobro prijanjaju, neki materijali mogu preći i preko 80% u sposobnosti filtracije u masci koja perfektno prijanja uz lice.

- For the algebra enthusiasts among you (you know who you are), here's a writeup covering the math in more detail. - The graphs in this essay extend the work of Brienen et al to account for the bidirectional effectiveness of masks. + Za entuzijaste za algebru među vama (znate ko ste), evo izveštaja koji pokriva matematiku primenjenu u eseju detaljnije. + Grafici u ovom eseju su napravljeni na osnovu naučnog rada Brienen et al, uz dodatno uzimanje u obzir dvosmerne efektivnosti maski.

- The bidirectional model of masks underlying this essay was to my knowledge first published in a preprint by Tian et al (Table S3 and Fig S4). - This was highlighted by Howard et al in their review article and accompanying essay, and further popularized by Zeynep Tufekci, Jeremy Howard, Trisha Greenhalgh in the Atlantic, and by Atul Gawande in the New Yorker, who writes, "The more effective the mask, the bigger the impact." + Dvosmerni model maski na kome se zasniva ovaj esej je, kolliko mi je poznato, prvi put objavljen u tada još nerecenziranoj studiji Tian et al (tabela S3 i figura S4). + Ovo su naglasili Howard et al u svom preglednom članku i propratnom eseju, a dalje su koncept popularizovali Zeynep Tufekci, Jeremy Howard, Trisha Greenhalgh u "Atlantic" novinama, i Atul Gawande u "New Yorker" novinama, gde je napisao: "Što je efektivnija maska, to veći uticaj ima."

- This text is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 license. The source code is available on Github. The emojis are created by Twitter and were modified to include a custom mask design. + Ovaj tekst je objavljen pod licencom "Creative Commons" CC BY-NC 4.0. Izvorni kod dostupan je na Githubu. Emotikone je kreirao Twitter, a modifikovani su sa unikatnim dizajnom maski.

- Thanks for reading, and stay safe! 😷 + Hvala na čitanju, i čuvajte se! 😷

From fa0329317e7a3fd2d8310ad4af641d999011f5d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2021 12:57:31 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 14/15] Title translation --- index-sr.html | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html index 01cb41a..10f2b8f 100644 --- a/index-sr.html +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ - The Multiplicative Power of Masks + Multiplikativna moć maski @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
-

The Multiplicative Power of Masks

+

Multiplikativna moć maski

Interaktivni esej o tome kako nam maske mogu pomoći da okončamo COVID-19 pandemiju

priredili Aatish Bhatia ⨉ Minute Physics

From ec300b28dd25f97fb16702c7e6d5e1742726f128 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Darinka Zobenica Date: Wed, 27 Jan 2021 01:39:39 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 15/15] Touching up --- index-sr.html | 25 ++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/index-sr.html b/index-sr.html index 10f2b8f..2d5eedf 100644 --- a/index-sr.html +++ b/index-sr.html @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@

Kako se virus prenosi kroz vazduh

Što više virusnih čestica pređe od osobe do osobe, to su veće šanse za infekciju. - (I ako se inficiraju, ljudi koji su izloženi većem broju virusnih čestica uobičajeno imaju znatno gore simptome.) + (I, ako se inficiraju, ljudi koji su izloženi većem broju virusnih čestica uobičajeno imaju znatno gore simptome.)

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@

Kako se virus prenosi kroz vazduh

Maske ne garantuju bezbednost, već smanjuju rizik. Može se reći da je ovo slično načinu na koji kišobran ne garantuje da će osoba ostati suva, ali smanjuje šanse da će se nakvasiti. Kao i kišobrani, maske rade samo ako se koriste pravilno. - Analogija tu staje jer nasuprot kišobranima, koji štite samo one koji ih koriste, maske štite i ljude u blizini nosioca. + Analogija tu staje, jer nasuprot kišobranima koji štite samo one koji ih koriste, maske štite i ljude u blizini nosioca.

@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@

Od pojedinaca do populacije

- Istovremeno, ljudi kojinose maske se inficiraju na druga dva načina. + Istovremeno, ljudi koji nose maske se inficiraju na druga dva načina. Pad u prenosu bolesti ljudima koji nose maske je prosek od 50% i 75%, što je 62.5%.

@@ -349,8 +349,7 @@

Od pojedinaca do populacije

Maskologija

- Primenimo ovu logiku na bilo koju vrednost procenta populacije koji koristi maske i efektivnosti maske. - Vary the sliders below to see how masks moderate the spread of disease. + Primenimo ovu logiku na bilo koju vrednost procenta populacije koji koristi maske i efektivnosti maske. Koristeći klizače ispod, možete videti kako maske regulišu širenje zaraze.

@@ -440,7 +439,7 @@

Maskologija

Neke N95 maske dolaze sa ventilima ili otvorima koji ispuštaju vazduh bez filtriranja. - Američki Centar za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti (eng. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC) izdao je preporuke protiv nošenja ovakvih maski u javnosti jer izlažu druge riziku. + Američki Centar za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti (eng. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC) izdao je preporuke protiv nošenja ovakvih maski u javnosti jer izlažu druge riziku. Možete ovo sami videti u interaktivnoj tabeli iznad.

Namestite efektivnost izdisanja i udisanja na visoku vrednost (sa procentom populacije koji koristi maske negde u sredini). @@ -470,17 +469,17 @@

Kako zaustaviti epidemiju

To je broj ljudi koje zarazna osoba može da inficira u populaciji koja nema nikakav imunitet na tu bolest od ranije.

-

Kada je R0 preko 1, bolest će se širiti eksponencijalno dok ili ne vakcinišemo dovoljno ljudi ili se dovoljno ljudi ne razboli i razvije tim putem imunitet na virus.

+

Kada je R0 preko 1, bolest će se širiti eksponencijalno dok ili ne vakcinišemo dovoljno ljudi, ili se dovoljno ljudi ne razboli i razvije tim putem imunitet na virus.

Ali, kao što Ed Jong (eng. Ed Yong) piše za "Atlantic", "R0 nije sudbina". - R0 je proizvod dva broja: prosečnog broja osoba koje zarazna osoba sretne i verovatnoće da se desi infekcija prilikom tog kontakta. + R0 je proizvod dva broja: prosečnog broja osoba koje zarazna osoba sretne ("susreti") i verovatnoće da se desi infekcija prilikom tog kontakta ("verovatnoća infekcije").

-
R0 = prosečan broj osoba koje zarazna osoba sretne
⨉ verovatnoća da se desi infekcija prilikom tog kontakta
+
R0 = susreti
⨉ verovatnoća infekcije
@@ -497,7 +496,7 @@

Kako zaustaviti epidemiju

- Prvi slajder možete koristiti za menjanje R0, koji je za COVID-19 između 2 i 3 (u odsustvu bilo kakvih mera javnog zdravlja kao što su fizičko distanciranje, koje mogu smanjiti R0). + Prvi klizač možete koristiti za menjanje R0, koji je za COVID-19 između 2 i 3 (u odsustvu bilo kakvih mera javnog zdravlja kao što su fizičko distanciranje, koje mogu smanjiti R0). Menjanjem efektivnosti masaka, možete videti kako maske mogu pomoći u dovođenje epidemije pod kontrolu.

@@ -558,7 +557,7 @@

Kako zaustaviti epidemiju

Slično, ljudi koji ne nose maske možda žive u krugovima gde je procenat populacije koji nosi maske manji od prosečnog. Ova tendencija da se interaguje sa onima koji imaju slične preference smanjuje zaštitnu moć maski jer ljudi koji ne nose maske zbog toga imaju manju prosečnu korist od činjenice da drugi nose maske, jer će u proseku biti u manje takvih interakcija.

- Kao što autori Dejvid Fisman, Ejmi Grir, i Ešli Tut (eng. David Fisman, Amy Greer, Ashleigh Tuite) pišu u analizi, "uticaj maski i ostalih zaštita za lice u smanjenju prenosa COVID-19 će verovatno biti najveći ako se pažnja obrati na obezbeđivanje maski populacijama u nepovoljnom položaju". + Kao što autori Dejvid Fisman, Ejmi Grir, i Ešli Tut (eng. David Fisman, Amy Greer, Ashleigh Tuite) pišu u svojoj analizi, "uticaj maski i ostalih zaštita za lice u smanjenju prenosa COVID-19 će verovatno biti najveći ako se pažnja obrati na obezbeđivanje maski populacijama u nepovoljnom položaju". @@ -572,7 +571,7 @@

Cena po ljude

Što više ljudi nosi maske, to se više R0 smanjuje. Što se R0 više smanjuje, to se više smanjuje ukupan broj ljudi koji će biti inficirani. - Možemo dobiti jasnu tako što umesto da vizualizujemo R0, mi vizualizujemo inficirani deo populacije. + Možemo dobiti jasnu sliku tako što umesto da vizualizujemo R0, mi vizualizujemo inficirani deo populacije.

@@ -617,7 +616,7 @@

Cena po ljude

Brdolika kriva nam pokazuje kako maske utiču na veličinu epidemije. - Što više ljudi nosi maske, to broj infekcija više pada. + Što više ljudi nosi maske, to broj infekcija više opada.