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Algorithm

Step 1: Define Geofences

  1. Identify Start/End Points: Define the geographic coordinates that constitute the start and end points of your routes. These points will serve as the centers of your geofences.
  2. Set Geofence Radius: Determine a suitable radius for each geofence. The radius should be large enough to account for GPS inaccuracies but small enough to provide precise location triggers.

Step 2: Implement Geofence Detection

  1. Geofence Entry Detection: When the bus driver starts the app, use the device's GPS to detect when the bus enters the start geofence. This event triggers the beginning of a new route.
  2. Continuous Location Tracking: Once inside the start geofence, begin sending continuous location updates to your server via MQTT, as you've already implemented.

Step 3: Route Tracking and Storage

  1. Route Document Creation: When a new route starts, create a new document in your database to store route data. Include fields like start_time, person_id, vehicle_id, and an array for coordinates.
  2. Appending Coordinates: As location data is received, append the GPS coordinates along with timestamps to the coordinates array of the route document.

Step 4: Detecting Route Completion

  1. Geofence Exit and Re-Entry: Continuously check if the bus exits the start geofence and re-enters it. Re-entry into the geofence signifies the potential end of the route.
  2. Confirming Route End: On re-entry, you can either automatically mark the route as completed or implement additional checks (like a time or distance threshold) to confirm the route's completion.

Step 5: Finalizing the Route

  1. End Time and Metrics: Once the route is deemed complete, update the route document with end_time and other relevant metrics like average_speed.
  2. Route Closure: Mark the route as closed or completed in your database.

Best Practices and Considerations

  • GPS Accuracy: GPS drift can be an issue. Implement logic to smooth out GPS inaccuracies.
  • Data Volume: Continuous GPS tracking generates substantial data. Optimize data transmission and storage.
  • Connectivity Issues: Handle temporary loss of connectivity gracefully, ensuring data isn't lost.
  • Driver Interaction: Minimal driver interaction is ideal. Automate as much as possible but allow manual overrides in case of anomalies.
  • Testing and Validation: Test your system extensively under various conditions to ensure reliability.
  • Backend Efficiency: Your server should handle concurrent data streams efficiently, especially if tracking multiple buses.

Future Enhancements

  • Machine Learning: Use ML to predict route anomalies or optimize route planning based on historical data.
  • Real-Time Monitoring: Provide a real-time dashboard for route monitoring and management.
  • Driver Feedback Mechanism: Allow drivers to report issues or provide feedback on route accuracy.