All are most welcome to update this list by sending PR's.
Let's make this list useful to most of Git users where they can refer this list to find the command they are looking for.
$ git status
$ git pull
$ git add <file/folder-name>
$ git add .
$ git checkout <file/folder-name>
$ git checkout .
$ git commit -m "Your message here."
$ git push
$ git clone <repo-url>