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index.html
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
<title>Container Queries</title>
<style>
@media print {
html { margin: 0 !important; }
body { font-family: serif; }
th, td { font-family: inherit; }
a { color: inherit !important; }
.example:before { font-family: serif !important; }
a:link, a:visited { text-decoration: none !important; }
a:link:after, a:visited:after { /* create a cross-ref "see..." */; }
}
@page {
margin: 1.5cm 1.1cm;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { page-break-after: avoid; }
figure, div.figure, div.sidefigure, pre, table.propdef, table.propdef-extra,
.example { page-break-inside: avoid; }
dt { page-break-after: avoid; }
body {
background: white;
/* background-image: floating-margin-image-goes-here; */
background-position: top left;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
color: black;
counter-reset: exampleno figure issue;
font-family: sans-serif;
line-height: 1.5;
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: 50em;
padding: 2em 1em 2em 70px;
}
/* General structural markup */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { text-align: left; }
h1, h2, h3 { color: #005A9C; }
h1 { font: 170% sans-serif; }
h2 { font: 140% sans-serif; }
h3 { font: 120% sans-serif; }
h4 { font: bold 100% sans-serif; }
h5 { font: italic 100% sans-serif; }
h6 { font: small-caps 100% sans-serif; }
h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { margin-top: 3em; }
h1 + h2 { margin-top: 0em; }
h2 + h3, h3 + h4, h4 + h5, h5 + h6 { margin-top: 1.2em; }
.head { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.head h1 { margin-top: 2em; clear: both; }
.head table { margin-left: 2em; margin-top: 2em; }
.head dd { margin-bottom: 0; }
p.copyright { font-size: small; }
p.copyright small { font-size: small; }
pre { margin: 1em 0 1em 2em; overflow: auto; }
pre, code, .idl-code {
font-size: .9em;
font-family: Menlo, Consolas, "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace;
}
dt dfn code { font-size: inherit; }
dfn { font-weight: bolder; }
dfn var { font-style: normal; }
s, del {text-decoration: line-through; color: red; }
u, ins {text-decoration: underline; background: #bfa; }
sup {
vertical-align: super;
font-size: 80%
}
details { display: block; }
dt { font-weight: bold; }
dd { margin: 0 0 1em 2em; }
ul, ol { margin-left: 0; padding-left: 2em; }
li { margin: 0.25em 2em 0.5em 0; padding-left: 0; }
[data-md] > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
[data-md] > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
td.pre {
white-space: pre-wrap;
}
.css, .property { color: #005a9c; }
.property { white-space: nowrap; }
/* Boilerplate sections */
ul.indexlist { margin-left: 0; columns: 13em; }
ul.indexlist li { margin-left: 0; list-style: none }
ul.indexlist li li { margin-left: 1em; }
ul.indexlist a { font-weight: bold; }
ul.indexlist ul, ul.indexlist dl { font-size: smaller; }
ul.indexlist dl { margin-top: 0; }
ul.indexlist dt { margin: .2em 0 .2em 20px; }
ul.indexlist dd { margin: .2em 0 .2em 40px; }
.toc {
font-weight: bold;
line-height: 1.3;
list-style: none;
margin: 1em 0 0 5em;
padding: 0;
}
.toc ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; font-weight: normal; }
.toc ul ul { margin: 0 0 0 2em; font-style: italic; }
.toc ul ul ul { margin: 0}
.toc > li { margin: 1.5em 0; padding: 0; }
.toc li { clear: both; }
.toc ul.toc li { margin: 0.3em 0 0 0; }
.toc a { border-bottom-style: none; }
.toc a:hover, ul.toc a:focus { border-bottom-style: solid; }
/* Section numbers in a column of their own */
.toc span.secno {float: left; width: 4em; margin-left: -5em}
.toc ul ul span.secno { margin-left: -7em; }
table.proptable {
font-size: small;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
text-align: left;
margin: 1em 0;
}
table.proptable td, table.proptable th {
padding: 0.4em;
text-align: center;
}
table.proptable tr:hover td { background: #DEF; }
/* Links */
a[href] { color: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid silver; text-decoration: none; }
a[href]:hover { background: #ffa; }
a[href]:active { color: #C00; background: transparent; }
img, a.logo { border-style: none; }
.heading, .issue, .note, .example, li, dt { position: relative; }
/* CSS-ish link types */
[data-link-type="property"]::before,
[data-link-type="propdesc"]::before,
[data-link-type="descriptor"]::before,
[data-link-type="value"]::before,
[data-link-type="function"]::before,
[data-link-type="at-rule"]::before,
[data-link-type="selector"]::before,
[data-link-type="maybe"]::before {content: "“";}
[data-link-type="property"]::after,
[data-link-type="propdesc"]::after,
[data-link-type="descriptor"]::after,
[data-link-type="value"]::after,
[data-link-type="function"]::after,
[data-link-type="at-rule"]::after,
[data-link-type="selector"]::after,
[data-link-type="maybe"]::after {content: "”";}
[data-link-type].production::before,
[data-link-type].production::after,
.prod [data-link-type]::before,
.prod [data-link-type]::after { content: ""; }
/* Element-type link styling */
[data-link-type=element] { font-family: monospace; }
[data-link-type=element]::before { content: "<" }
[data-link-type=element]::after { content: ">" }
/* Self-links */
a.self-link {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: -2.5em;
width: 2em;
height: 2em;
text-align: center;
border: none;
transition: opacity .2s;
opacity: .5;
}
a.self-link:hover {
opacity: 1;
}
.heading > a.self-link {
font-size: 83%;
}
li > a.self-link {
left: -3.5em;
}
dfn > a.self-link {
top: auto;
left: auto;
opacity: 0;
width: 1.5em;
height: 1.5em;
background: gray;
color: white;
font-style: normal;
transition: opacity .2s, background-color .2s, color .2s;
}
dfn:hover > a.self-link {
opacity: 1;
}
dfn > a.self-link:hover {
color: black;
}
a.self-link::before { content: "¶"; }
.heading > a.self-link::before { content: "§"; }
dfn > a.self-link::before { content: "#"; }
/* Figures */
figure {
display: block;
text-align: center;
margin: 2.5em 0;
}
figure.sidefigure {
float: right;
width: 50%;
margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em
}
figure pre {
text-align: left;
display: table;
margin: 1em auto;
}
figure table {
margin: auto;
}
figure img, figure object {
display: block;
margin: auto;
max-width: 100%
}
figcaption {
counter-increment: figure;
font-size: 90%;
font-style: italic;
text-align: center;
}
figcaption::before {
content: "Figure " counter(figure) ". ";
font-weight: bold;
}
dd figure { margin-left: -2em; }
/* Definition tables */
table.definition {
border-spacing: 0;
padding: 0 1em 0.5em;
width: 100%;
table-layout: fixed;
margin: 1.2em 0;
}
table.definition td, table.definition th {
padding: 0.5em;
vertical-align: baseline;
border-bottom: 1px solid #bbd7e9;
}
table.definition th:first-child {
font-style: italic;
font-weight: normal;
text-align: left;
width: 8.3em;
padding-left: 1em;
}
table.definition > tbody > tr:last-child > th,
table.definition > tbody > tr:last-child > td {
border-bottom: none;
}
table.definition tr:first-child > th,
table.definition tr:first-child > td {
padding-top: 1em;
}
/* Footnotes at the bottom of a definition table */
table.definition td.footnote {
font-style: normal;
padding-top: .6em;
width: auto;
}
table.definition td.footnote::before {
content: " ";
display: block;
height: 0.6em;
width: 4em;
border-top: thin solid;
}
/* IDL fragments */
pre.idl {
padding: .5em 1em;
margin: 1.2em 0;
}
pre.idl :link, pre.idl :visited {
color:inherit;
background:transparent;
}
/* Data tables */
/* Comes in plain, long, complex, or define varieties */
.data {
margin: 1em auto;
border-collapse: collapse;
width: 100%;
border: hidden;
}
.data {
text-align: center;
width: auto;
}
.data caption {
width: 100%;
}
.data td, .data th {
padding: 0.5em;
border-width: 1px;
border-color: silver;
border-top-style: solid;
}
.data thead td:empty {
padding: 0;
border: 0;
}
.data thead th[scope="row"] {
text-align: right;
color: inherit;
}
.data thead,
.data tbody {
color: inherit;
border-bottom: 2px solid;
}
.data colgroup {
border-left: 2px solid;
}
.data tbody th:first-child,
.data tbody td[scope="row"]:first-child {
text-align: right;
color: inherit;
border-right: 2px solid;
border-top: 1px solid silver;
padding-right: 1em;
}
.data.define td:last-child {
text-align: left;
}
.data tbody th[rowspan],
.data tbody td[rowspan] {
border-left: 1px solid silver;
}
.data tbody th[rowspan]:first-child,
.data tbody td[rowspan]:first-child {
border-left: 0;
border-right: 1px solid silver;
}
.data.complex th,
.data.complex td {
border: 1px solid silver;
}
.data td.long {
vertical-align: baseline;
text-align: left;
}
.data img {
vertical-align: middle;
}
/* Switch/case <dl>s */
dl.switch {
padding-left: 2em;
}
dl.switch > dt {
text-indent: -1.5em;
}
dl.switch > dt:before {
content: '↪';
padding: 0 0.5em 0 0;
display: inline-block;
width: 1em;
text-align: right;
line-height: 0.5em;
}
/* Style for At Risk features (intended as editorial aid, not intended for publishing) */
.atrisk::before {
position: absolute;
margin-left: -5em;
margin-top: -2px;
padding: 4px;
border: 1px solid;
content: 'At risk';
font-size: small;
background-color: white;
color: gray;
border-radius: 1em;
text-align: center;
}
/* Obsoletion notice */
details.annoying-warning[open] {
background: #fdd;
color: red;
font-weight: bold;
text-align: center;
padding: .5em;
border: thick solid red;
border-radius: 1em;
position: fixed;
left: 1em;
right: 1em;
bottom: 1em;
z-index: 1000;
}
details.annoying-warning:not([open]) > summary {
background: #fdd;
color: red;
font-weight: bold;
text-align: center;
padding: .5em;
}
/* Examples */
.example {
counter-increment: exampleno;
}
.example::before {
content: "Example";
content: "Example " counter(exampleno);
min-width: 7.5em;
text-transform: uppercase;
display: block;
}
.illegal-example::before {
content: "Invalid Example";
content: "Invalid Example" counter(exampleno);
}
.example, .illegal-example, .html, .illegal-html, .xml, .illegal-xml {
padding: 0.5em;
margin: 1em 0;
position: relative;
clear: both;
}
pre.example, pre.illegal-example, pre.html,
pre.illegal-html, pre.xml, pre.illegal-xml {
padding-top: 1.5em;
}
.illegal-example { color: red; }
.illegal-example p { color: black; }
.html { color: #600; }
.illegal-html { color: red; }
.illegal-html p { color: black; }
.xml { color: #600; }
.illegal-xml { color: red; }
.illegal-xml p { color: black; }
code.css { font-family: inherit; font-size: 100% }
code.html { color: #600 } /* inline HTML */
code.xml { color: #600 } /* inline XML */
/* Issues */
.issue {
border-color: #E05252;
background: #FBE9E9;
counter-increment: issue;
}
.issue:before {
content: "Issue " counter(issue);
padding-right: 1em;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: #E05252;
}
/* Whys */
details.why > summary {
font-style: italic;
}
details.why[open] > summary {
border-bottom: 1px silver solid;
}
/* All the blocks get similarly styled */
table.definition, pre.idl, .example, .note, details.why, .issue {
border: none;
border-left: .5em solid black;
border-left: .5rem solid black;
}
.issue, .note, .example, .why {
padding: .5em;
margin-top: 1em;
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
table.definition, pre.idl {
background: hsl(210, 70%, 95%);
border-color: hsl(210, 80%, 75%);
}
.example {
background: hsl(50, 70%, 95%);
border-color: hsl(50, 70%, 60%);
}
.example::before {
color: hsl(50, 70%, 60%);
}
.note, details.why {
background: hsl(120, 70%, 95%);
border-color: hsl(120, 70%, 60%);
}
.note::before {
color: hsl(120, 70%, 60%);
}
.issue {
background: hsl(0, 70%, 95%);
border-color: hsl(0, 70%, 60%);
}
.issue::before {
color: hsl(0, 70%, 60%);
}
span.issue, span.note {
padding: .1em .5em .15em;
border-right-width: .5em;
border-right-style: solid;
}
</style>
<style>
a.logo-ricg { float: left; border-bottom: none; }
a.logo-w3c { float: right; border-bottom: none; }
p[data-fill-with="logo"] {
float: left;
width: 100%;
}
</style>
<meta content="Bikeshed 1.0.0" name="generator">
</head>
<body class="h-entry">
<div class="head">
<p data-fill-with="logo"><a class="logo-ricg" href="http://responsiveimages.org">
<img alt="Responsive Images Community Group" height="49" src="https://raw.github.com/ResponsiveImagesCG/meta/master/logo/Web/RICG_logo_small.png">
</a>
<a class="logo-w3c" href="http://www.w3.org/">
<img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home">
</a>
</p>
<h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">Container Queries</h1>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="subtitle"><span class="content">Editor’s Draft,
<time class="dt-updated" datetime="2015-06-05">5 June 2015</time></span></h2>
<div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
<dl>
<dt>This version:
<dd><a class="u-url" href="https://github.com/ResponsiveImagesCG/container-queries">https://github.com/ResponsiveImagesCG/container-queries</a>
<dt class="editor">Editor:
<dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard"><span class="p-name fn">Mat Marquis</span> (<a class="p-org org" href="http://bocoup.com">Bocoup</a>)
<dt>Version History:
<dd><span><a href="https://github.com/ResponsiveImagesCG/picture-element/commits/gh-pages">Commit History</a></span>
<dd><span><a href="https://twitter.com/respimg_commits">Github commits on Twitter</a></span>
<dt>Participate:
<dd><span><a href="http://w3c.responsiveimages.org/">Join the Responsive Issues Community Group</a></span>
<dd><span><a href="http://list.responsiveimages.org/">Public Mailing List</a></span>
<dd><span><a href="irc://irc.w3.org:6665/#respimg">IRC: #respimg on the W3C IRC server</a></span>
<dd><span><a href="https://twitter.com/respimg">Twitter</a></span>
<dd><span><a href="https://github.com/ResponsiveImagesCG/picture-element">GitHub</a></span>
</dl>
</div>
<div data-fill-with="warning"></div>
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<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="abstract"><span class="content">Abstract</span></h2>
<div class="p-summary" data-fill-with="abstract">
<p>Container queries allow an author to control styling based on the size of a containing element rather than the size of the user’s viewport.</p>
</div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="status"><span class="content">Status of this document</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with="status">
<p>
This is an unofficial draft.
It is provided for discussion only and may change at any moment.
Its publication here does not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C.
Don’t cite this document other than as work in progress.
</p></div>
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<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="contents"><span class="content">Table of Contents</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with="table-of-contents" role="navigation">
<ul class="toc" role="directory">
<li><a href="#intro"><span class="secno">1</span> <span class="content">Introduction</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#abstract0"><span class="secno">1.1</span> <span class="content">Abstract</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#mq-problems"><span class="secno">1.1.1</span> <span class="content">Limitations of Viewport-Based Media Queries ## {#mq-problems}</span></a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#when-to-use"><span class="secno">1.2</span> <span class="content">When to use Container Queries</span></a>
<li><a href="#usage"><span class="secno">1.3</span> <span class="content">Examples of Usage</span></a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#container-queries"><span class="secno">2</span> <span class="content">Container Queries</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#syntax"><span class="secno">2.1</span> <span class="content">Syntax</span></a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#defs"><span class="secno">3</span> <span class="content">Definitions</span></a>
<li><a href="#acks"><span class="secno">4</span> <span class="content">Acknowledgements</span></a>
<li><a href="#conformance"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Conformance</span></a>
<li><a href="#references"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">References</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#normative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Normative References</span></a>
</ul>
</ul></div>
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<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="1" id="intro"><span class="secno">1. </span><span class="content">Introduction</span><a class="self-link" href="#intro"></a></h2>
<p>Given a complex responsive layout, developers often require granular control over styling elements relative to the size of their parent container rather than the viewport size. Container queries allow an author to control styling based on the size of a containing element rather than the size of the user’s viewport.</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="1.1" id="abstract0"><span class="secno">1.1. </span><span class="content">Abstract</span><a class="self-link" href="#abstract0"></a></h3>
<h4 class="heading settled" data-level="1.1.1" id="mq-problems"><span class="secno">1.1.1. </span><span class="content">Limitations of Viewport-Based Media Queries ## {#mq-problems}</span><a class="self-link" href="#mq-problems"></a></h4>
(This section is not normative.)
<p>Limiting breakpoints to viewport size fundamentally conflicts with the goal of creating modular page components, often requiring a number of redundant CSS rules and complex exception cases spanning multiple viewport-based breakpoints. This problem is compounded depending on how dramatically a module adapts at each of its breakpoints. Once viewport-based breakpoints have been tuned to suit the limited and predictable number of contexts a module might occupy, adjustments to styling elsewhere on the page (layout, width, padding/margins, etc.) may cause a need to revisit a module’s viewport-based breakpoints completely, as those styles are disconnected from the context of the module itself.</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="1.2" id="when-to-use"><span class="secno">1.2. </span><span class="content">When to use Container Queries</span><a class="self-link" href="#when-to-use"></a></h3>
<p>Container queries are intended for use when…</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="1.3" id="usage"><span class="secno">1.3. </span><span class="content">Examples of Usage</span><a class="self-link" href="#usage"></a></h3>
<p>[[Inside a CSS stylesheet, one can declare that sections apply to certain media types:]]</p>
<div class="example" id="example-1"><a class="self-link" href="#example-1"></a>
```css
.element:media( min-width: 30em ) screen {
<p>}</p>
```
</div>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="2" id="container-queries"><span class="secno">2. </span><span class="content">Container Queries</span><a class="self-link" href="#container-queries"></a></h2>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="2.1" id="syntax"><span class="secno">2.1. </span><span class="content">Syntax</span><a class="self-link" href="#syntax"></a></h3>
<p>The formal container query syntax is described in this section, with the rule/property grammar syntax defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3syn">[CSS3SYN]</a> and <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3val">[CSS3VAL]</a>.</p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="3" id="defs"><span class="secno">3. </span><span class="content">Definitions</span><a class="self-link" href="#defs"></a></h2>
<p>The following terms are used throughout this specification so they are gathered here for the readers convenience. The following list of terms is not exhaustive; other terms are defined throughout this specification.</p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="4" id="acks"><span class="secno">4. </span><span class="content">Acknowledgements</span><a class="self-link" href="#acks"></a></h2>
<p>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/participants">complete list of participants</a> of the Responsive Issues Community Group is available at the W3C Community Group Website.</p>
</main>
<h2 class="no-ref no-num heading settled" id="conformance"><span class="content">
Conformance</span><a class="self-link" href="#conformance"></a></h2>
<p>
Conformance requirements are expressed with a combination of descriptive assertions and RFC 2119 terminology.
The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL”
in the normative parts of this document
are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
However, for readability,
these words do not appear in all uppercase letters in this specification.
</p>
<p>
All of the text of this specification is normative
except sections explicitly marked as non-normative, examples, and notes. <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-rfc2119">[RFC2119]</a>
</p>
<p>
Examples in this specification are introduced with the words “for example”
or are set apart from the normative text with <code>class="example"</code>, like this:
</p>
<div class="example" id="example-ae2b6bc0"><a class="self-link" href="#example-ae2b6bc0"></a>
This is an example of an informative example.
</div>
<p>
Informative notes begin with the word “Note”
and are set apart from the normative text with <code>class="note"</code>, like this:
</p>
<p class="note" role="note">
Note, this is an informative note.
</p>
<h2 class="no-num heading settled" id="references"><span class="content">References</span><a class="self-link" href="#references"></a></h2>
<h3 class="no-num heading settled" id="normative"><span class="content">Normative References</span><a class="self-link" href="#normative"></a></h3>
<dl>
<dt id="biblio-css3syn"><a class="self-link" href="#biblio-css3syn"></a>[CSS3SYN]
<dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Simon Sapin. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-css-syntax-3-20131105/">CSS Syntax Module</a>. 5 November 2013. W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-css-syntax-3-20131105/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-css-syntax-3-20131105/</a>
<dt id="biblio-css3val"><a class="self-link" href="#biblio-css3val"></a>[CSS3VAL]
<dd>Håkon Wium Lie; Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-values/">CSS Values and Units Module Level 3</a>. 30 July 2013. CR. URL: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-values/">http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-values/</a>
<dt id="biblio-rfc2119"><a class="self-link" href="#biblio-rfc2119"></a>[RFC2119]
<dd>S. Bradner. <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</a>. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119</a>
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