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mimetex.html
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<!--
****************************************************************************
* Copyright(c) 2002-2009, John Forkosh Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
* http://www.forkosh.com mailto: john@forkosh.com
* ==========================================================================
* This file is part of mimeTeX, which is free software. You may redistribute
* and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License,
* version 3 or later, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
* MimeTeX is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
* WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, not even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY.
* See the GNU General Public License for specific details.
* By using mimeTeX, you warrant that you have read, understood and
* agreed to these terms and conditions, and that you possess the legal
* right and ability to enter into this agreement and to use mimeTeX
* in accordance with it.
* Your mimetex.zip distribution file should contain the file COPYING,
* an ascii text copy of the GNU General Public License, version 3.
* If not, point your browser to http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
* or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
* 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.
****************************************************************************
-->
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<!-- "http://www.forkosh.dreamhost.com/loose.dtd" -->
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Preamble
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
<html>
<head>
<title> mimeTeX user's manual </title>
<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<style type="text/css">
body { background-image: none; /* none; or url(); */
/*background-repeat: repeat-y;*/
/*background-attachment: fixed;*/ /* fixed; or scroll; */
background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000;
margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.1em;
font-size: large; /* or medium */
clear: both }
A:active { color: blue/*#0000FF*/; text-decoration: none }
A:link { color: blue/*#0000FF*/; text-decoration: none }
A:visited { color: blue/*#0000FF*/; text-decoration: none }
A:hover { color: red/*#FF0000*/; text-decoration: underline
/*font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;*/
/*font-size: normal; line-height: normal*/ }
h1 { color: maroon; text-decoration: underline;
font-style: normal; /* italic oblique */
font-size: xx-large;
padding-top: 2.0em;
letter-spacing: 0.25em }
h2 { color: maroon; text-decoration: underline;
font-style: normal; /* italic oblique */
font-size: x-large;
padding-top: 1.0em;
letter-spacing: 0.20em }
h3 { color: maroon; /*black; text-decoration: underline;*/
font-style: normal; /* italic oblique */
font-size: large;
margin-left: 1em;
padding-top: 0.5em;
letter-spacing: 0.15em }
center { padding-top: -0.1em; padding-bottom: -0.1em; }
table { font-size: large }
table.medium { font-size: medium }
dl { font-size: large;
margin-left: 3.0em; margin-right: 2.5em }
ol { margin-left: 3.0em; margin-right: 2.5em }
ul { margin-left: 3.0em; margin-right: 2.5em;
list-style-type: square }
ul ul { margin-left: -0.5em; margin-right: 3.5em;
list-style-type: disc }
pre { margin-left: 3.0em; font-size: medium; font-weight: bold }
pre.nobold { margin-left:3.0em; font-size:medium; font-weight:normal }
p { margin-left: 2.0em; margin-right: 1.5em }
p:first-letter
{ font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold;
color: maroon }
p.continue { margin-left: 2.0em; margin-right: 1.5em;
padding-top: -0.1em }
p.continue:first-letter
{ font-size: large; font-weight: normal;
color: black }
p.warning { color: red } /* defines p class=warning */
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
// add/clear text to expression
function eqntext(eqn)
{ var eqnSrc = document.getElementById(eqn).src;
var texSrc = eqnSrc.substring(eqnSrc.indexOf('?')+1,eqnSrc.length);
addtext(texSrc); }
function addtext(text)
{ cleartext();
document.expression.formdata.value += unescape(text);
document.expression.formdata.focus(); }
function cleartext()
{ document.expression.formdata.value = "";
//document.inlineframe.value = "";
document.expression.formdata.focus(); }
-->
</script>
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ javascript from mathtran.org to render <img alt="tex:math expression">
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
<script type="text/javascript"
src="http://www.mathtran.org/js/mathtran_img.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Banner across top of page, containing title and two example mimeTeX images.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
<br>
<hr size=4>
<center>
<table cellspacing=10>
<tr>
<td align="center">
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageBanr1" onclick="eqntext('imageBanr1')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large f=b_o+\frac{a_1}{b_1+\frac{a_2}
{b_2+\frac{a_3}{b_3+a_4}}}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
<td align="center" valign="middle">
<center> <font color="maroon" size=4>
<b><nobr>m i m e T e X m a n u a l</nobr></b> <br>
<font size=3>( for mimeTeX version
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageVer1" onclick="eqntext('imageVer1')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\versionnumber"
alt="" border=0 align=bottom></a> )</font> <br>
<font size=3> <b>Click for:</b>
<!-- <a href="http://www.forkosh.com" target="_top">homepage</a>,
<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/resume.html" target="_top">resume</a> -->
<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetextutorial.html" target="_top">
LaTeX tutorial</a><br>
<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.html" target="_top">
mimeTeX QuickStart</a><br>
<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip">
<!-- jfa <a href="ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/support/mimetex/mimetex.zip"></a> -->
<font size=4>download mimeTeX</font></a></font>
</font> </center> </td>
<td align="center">
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageBanr2" onclick="eqntext('imageBanr2')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\scr{J}^{ij}=\frac12\varepsilon_{ijk}
\left[\begin{array}{cc}\sigma_k&0\\0&\sigma_k\end{array}\right]"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br>
<a href="#examples">more_examples...</a> </td>
</tr>
<tr> <td align="center" colspan="3">
This page discusses mimeTeX, a program that displays math on the web.<br>
(<font size=3>See
<a href="http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/2009/3/writing-math-on-the-web/1"
target="_top">Writing Math on the Web</a>
for a more general discussion.</font>)
</td> </tr>
</table>
</center>
<hr size=4>
<center><b><font color="maroon" size=3>
Copyright <font size=5>©</font> 2002-2009,
<a href="http://www.forkosh.com">John Forkosh Associates, Inc.</a> <br>
email: <a href="mailto:john@forkosh.com">john@forkosh.com</a>
</font></b> <br><br>
<a href="#preview"><img id="timestamp1" onclick="eqntext('timestamp1')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\blue\begin{matrix}
\large\today\\\normalsize\today[3]\end{matrix}"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Table of Contents
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
<br> <center><b><font color="maroon" size=6>
<u> C o n t e n t s
</u></font></b> <br>
<table cellspacing=0 class="medium">
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center" width=150>
<font size=3><b>- - - T u t o r i a l - - -</b></font> </td>
<td valign="top" align="center" colspan=3 width=450><font size=3><b>
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - R e f e r e n c e - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
</b></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center" width=150> <font size=3>
<a href="#introduction"> (I) Introduction </a><br>
<a href="#quickstart"> a. Quick Start </a><br>
<a href="#examples"> b. Examples </a><br>
<a href="#gpl"> c. GPL License </a> </font> </td>
<td valign="top" align="center" width=150> <font size=3>
<a href="#build"> (II) Building mimeTeX </a><br>
<a href="#compile"> a. Compile </a><br>
<a href="#install"> b. Install </a><br>
<a href="#options"> c. Compile Options </a><br>
<a href="#cmdline"> d. Command Line </a> </font> </td>
<td valign="top" align="center" width=150> <font size=3>
<a href="#reference"> (III) Syntax Reference </a><br>
<a href="#spaces"> a. Math & White Space </a><br>
<a href="#symbols"> b. Symbols, Sizes, Modes </a><br>
<a href="#delimiters"> c. Delimiters </a><br>
<a href="#accents"> d. Accents, Arrows, etc. </a><br>
<a href="#array"> e. \begin{array} </a><br>
<a href="#picture"> f. \picture( ){ } </a><br>
<a href="#commands"> g. Other Commands </a><br>
<a href="#exceptions"> h. Other Exceptions </a><br>
<a href="#messages"> i. Errors and Messages </a> </font> </td>
<td valign="top" align="center" width=150> <font size=3>
<a href="#appendices"> (IV) Appendices </a><br>
<a href="#fonts"> a. Fonts </a><br>
<a href="#makeraster"> b. make_raster() </a><br>
<a href="#gifsave"> c. gifsave.c </a>
<br><a href="#remarks"> Remarks </a> </font> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<!-- br -->
<p style="margin-left:3em;margin-right:3em;">
<font color="blue" size=3> This page contains more information
than you'll probably need to read. If you follow the
<font color="maroon">Installation and Usage Summary</font>
below, try installing mimeTeX immediately. <!-- If you need
more information, --> Or continue reading until you feel comfortable
trying to install mimeTeX. <!-- Return to this page as needed. -->
Prerequisites are: some knowledge of your OS's shell,
of installing cgi's, of LaTeX. </font>
<font color="maroon" size=3> <br>
<b>"</b><i>Computers are like Old Testament gods<b>:</b>
lots of rules and no mercy.</i><b>"</b><br>
<b>––</b> Joseph Campbell, The Power of Myth
(Doubleday 1988, page 18) </font> </p>
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Installation and Usage Summary
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
<!-- br -->
<center>
<table border="0">
<tr> <!-- banner -->
<td align="left">
<!-- <b><font color="maroon" size=4>
<u> I n s t a l l a t i o n
a n d U s a g e S u m m a r y
</u></font></b> -->
<font size=4 color="maroon"><b>- - - - - - I n s t a l l a t i o n
a n d U s a g e S u m m a r y - - - - - -</b></font>
</td> </tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"> <!-- summary -->
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0">
<tr><td align="right" valign="top">
<a href="#build">Installation</a>: </td>
<td><font size=4> Download <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip">
mimetex.zip</a> and then type <br>
<b> unzip mimetex.zip</b> <br>
<b> cc -DAA mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi</b>
<br>Now just <b>mv</b> mimetex.cgi to your <b>cgi-bin/</b>
directory, <br> set permissions as necessary, and you're all done.
</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> <font size="2"> </font> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top">
<a href="#introduction">Usage</a>: </td>
<td><font size=4> To see the image <br>
<a href="#preview"><img id="summary1" onclick="eqntext('summary1')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br>
just write the tag <br>
<b> <img src="/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<br>
x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}"></b>
</font></td></tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
<h1> <a name="introduction">(I) Introduction</a> </h1>
<p> <font color="maroon">MimeTeX, licensed under the
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html" target="_top">gpl</a>,
lets you easily embed LaTeX math in your html pages.</font>
It parses a LaTeX math expression and immediately emits the
corresponding gif image, rather than the usual TeX dvi.
And mimeTeX is an entirely separate little program that doesn't use
TeX or its fonts in any way. It's just one cgi that you put in your
site's cgi-bin/ directory, with no other dependencies. So mimeTeX
is very easy to <a href="#quickbuild">install</a>. And it's equally
easy to use. Just place an html <img> tag in your document
wherever you want to see the corresponding LaTeX expression.
For example, </p>
<pre> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></pre> <p class="continue">immediately
generates the corresponding gif image on-the-fly, displaying
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageI1" onclick="eqntext('imageI1')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize
f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-11px"></a>
wherever you put that <img> tag.
MimeTeX doesn't need intermediate dvi-to-gif conversion, and it doesn't
create separate gif files for each converted expression.
(But you can enable image caching with mimeTeX's
<b>-DCACHEPATH=\"<i>path/</i>\"</b>
<a href="#options">compile option</a>.) </p>
<h3> <a name="plugins">
mimeTeX plugins<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
<p> There's no inherent need to repeatedly write the cumbersome
<img> tag illustrated above. You can write your own <a href=
"http://java.sun.com/j2ee/1.4/docs/tutorial/doc/JSPIntro9.html#wp73314"
target="_top">custom tags</a>,
or write a wrapper script around mimeTeX to simplify the
notation. </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0"> For example,
the following javascript snippet (based on
<a href="http://www.mathtran.org" target="_top">mathtran</a>'s
<a href="http://www.mathtran.org/js/mathtran_img.js"
target="_top">mathtran_img.js</a>) lets you just write
<b><img alt="mimetex:c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}"></b>
wherever you want to see <a href="#preview"><img id="imageJS1"
onclick="eqntext('imageJS1')" src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
\normalsize c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}" alt="" border=0
style="Vertical-Align:-1px"></a> </p>
<pre class="medium" style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0"
> <script type="text/javascript">
<!--
// Create a namespace to hold variables and functions
mimetex = new Object();
// Change this to use your server
mimetex.imgSrc = "http://www.<i>yourdomain</i>.com/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?";
// Transform the whole document: add src to each img with
// alt text starting with "mimetex:", unless img already has a src.
mimetex.init = function () {
if (! document.getElementsByTagName) return;
var objs = document.getElementsByTagName("img");
var len = objs.length;
for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
var img = objs[i];
if (img.alt.substring(0,8) == 'mimetex:')
if (!img.src) {
var tex_src = img.alt.substring(8);
img.src = mimetex.imgSrc + encodeURIComponent(tex_src);
// Append TEX to the class of the IMG.
img.className +=' tex'; }
}
mimetex.hideElementById("mimetex.error"); }
// Utility function
mimetex.hideElementById = function (id) {
var obj = document.getElementById(id);
if (obj) obj.style.display = 'none'; }
// resolve a cross-browser issue (see <a href="http://scottandrew.com/weblog/articles/cbs-events" target="_top">CBS events</a>)
mimetex.addEvent = function (obj, evType, fn, useCapture) {
if (obj.addEventListener) { //For Mozilla.
obj.addEventListener(evType, fn, useCapture);
return true; }
else if (obj.attachEvent) { //For Internet Explorer.
var r = obj.attachEvent("on"+evType, fn);
return r; }
}
// Initialize after entire document is loaded
mimetex.addEvent(window, 'load', mimetex.init, false);
-->
</script></pre>
<p style="margin-bottom:0">
Bulletin boards, wikis, etc, can also incorporate mimeTeX images
with short scripts. For example, if you're using
<a href="http://www.phpbb.com" target="_top">phpBB2</a>, then
<a href="http://www.themathforum.com/" target="_top">Jameson</a>
contributed the following typical one-line mod that lets you write
<b>[tex] c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2} [/tex]</b> to obtain the
same <a href="#preview"><img id="imageJS2"
onclick="eqntext('imageJS2')" src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
\normalsize c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}" alt="" border=0
style="Vertical-Align:-1px"></a> image illustrated above </p>
<pre class="medium" style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0"
> #--------[open]-----------------------------------------------------
/includes/bbcode.php
#--------[find]-----------------------------------------------------
// Remove our padding from the string..
#--------[before, add]----------------------------------------------
$text = preg_replace('/\[tex\](.*?)\[\/tex\]/ie',
"'<img src=\"/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?'.rawurlencode('$1').'\" align=\"middle\" />'",
$text);</pre>
<p class="continue" style="margin-top:0"> If you're using
<a href="http://www.phpbb.com" target="_top">phpBB3</a>,
then no mod is even needed.
Just click Postings from the Administrator Control Panel,
and add the custom BBCode <b>[tex]{TEXT}[/tex]</b>
with the HTML replacement
<b><img src="/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?{TEXT}" align=middle></b></p>
<p> Similarly, <a href="http://www.pmwiki.org/" target="_top">PmWiki</a>
also has a
<a href="http://www.pmwiki.org/wiki/Cookbook/MimeTeX" target="_top">
mimeTeX plugin</a> that lets you just write
<b>{$ f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt $}</b>
to obtain that same image. Several other packages
also have similar mimeTeX plugins: </p>
<center><table>
<tr> <td align=center> <u> <b>Package</b> </u> </td>
<td> </td>
<td align=center> <u> <b>Plugin</b> </u> </td>
</tr>
<tr> <td align=center>
<a href="http://www.pmwiki.org" target="_top">
PmWiki</a> </td> <td> </td>
<td align=center>
<a href="http://www.pmwiki.org/wiki/Cookbook/MimeTeX"
target="_top">mimeTeX plugin</a> </td> </tr>
<tr> <td align=center>
<!-- a href="http://www.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" -->
<!-- a href="http://www.wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Main_Page" -->
<a href="http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki"
target="_top">MediaWiki</a> </td>
<td align=center> </td>
<td align=center>
<!-- a href="http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mimetex_alternative" -->
<a href="http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Mimetex_alternative"
target="_top">"mimeTeX alternative"</a> </td> </tr>
<!-- ***redirect loop***
<tr> <td align=center>
<a href="http://www.unitorganizer.com/mathwiki/index.php/Main_Page"
target="_top">MathWiki</a> </td> <td> </td>
<td align=center> <a href=
"http://www.unitorganizer.com/mathwiki/index.php/MimetexParser"
target="_top">"mimeTeX Parser"</a> </td> </tr>
-->
<tr> <td align=center>
<a href="http://forums.punbb.org/" target="_top">PunBB</a> </td>
<td> </td> <td align=center>
<a href="http://www.math-linux.com/spip.php?article44"
target="_top">mimeTeX plugin</a> </td> </tr>
<tr> <td align=center>
<!-- a href="http://www.sixapart.com/movabletype/" -->
<a href="http://www.movabletype.com/"
target="_top">Movable Type</a> </td> <td> </td>
<td align=center> <a href=
"http://www.unitorganizer.com/myblog/2006/08/creating_equations_in_movable.html"
target="_top">mimeTeX plugin</a> </td> </tr>
<tr> <td align=center>
<a href="http://wordpress.org/" target="_top">WordPress</a> </td>
<td> </td> <td align=center> <a href=
"http://www.anlak.com/?page_id=66" target="_top">
<!-- "http://sixthform.info/steve/wordpress/index.php?p=13&page=2" -->
mimeTeX plugin</a> <!-- (see item 9) --> </td> </tr>
<tr> <td align=center>
<a href="http://www.joomla.org/"
target="_top">Joomla</a> </td> <td> </td>
<td align=center> <a href=
"http://extensions.joomla.org/component/option,com_mtree/task,viewlink/link_id,5932/Itemid,35/"
target="_top">mimeTeX plugin</a> </td> </tr>
<tr> <td align=center>
<a href="http://mambo-foundation.org/"
target="_top">Mambo</a> </td> <td> </td>
<td align=center> <a href=
"http://webscripts.softpedia.com/script/Modules/Joomla-Mambo-Modules/MimeTeX-Bot-9250.html"
target="_top">"mimeTeX bot"</a> </td> </tr>
<!--- dead links --->
<!-- tr> <td align=center>
<a href="http://www.phpbb.com" target="_top">phpBB</a> </td>
<td> </td> <td align=center>
<a href=
"http://www.themathforum.com/math/showthread.php?p=621#post621"
target="_top">mimeTeX plugin</a> </td> </tr -->
<!-- tr> <td align=center>
<a href="http://www.mamboserver.com/" target="_top">Mambo</a> </td>
<td> </td> <td align=center>
<a href="http://mamboxchange.com/projects/mimetexbot/"
target="_top">"mimeTeX bot"</a> </td> </tr -->
</table></center>
<p> <b>Please note:</b> If you're writing your own plugin for mimeTeX,
please don't write php code using <b>system( )</b>, or any other
shell escape mechanism, just to cache images. Use mimeTeX's
<b>-DCACHEPATH=\"<i>path/</i>\"</b>
<a href="#options">compile option</a> instead.
<b>system( )</b> raises security
issues, either real ones if used carelessly, or just in the minds of
system administrators. Either way, I've received many emails from
people unable to use mimeTeX because of unnecessary <b>system( )</b>
calls prohibited by security-conscious sysadmins. MimeTeX itself poses
minimal risk when used as illustrated above, but you're responsible
for any plugin/wrapper script you write around it. </p>
<h3> <a name="valignment">
Vertical alignment<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
<p> An image like
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageAV1" onclick="eqntext('imageAV1')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
\normalsize f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>
doesn't look as good as the same image
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageAV2" onclick="eqntext('imageAV2')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
\normalsize f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-11px"></a>
that's vertically aligned with your surrounding text.
Along with several standard
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html">
HTTP header fields</a>, mimeTeX also emits a special
<b>Vertical-Align: –<i>nn</i></b>
header, where <b>–<i>nn</i></b> is the number of pixels
(usually negative as illustrated) needed for a
<b>style="Vertical-Align: –<i>nn</i> px"</b>
attribute in the <b><img></b> tag used to
render your expression. </p>
<p> But mimeTeX's special Vertical-Align: header
is unrecognized and ignored by your browser. You have to get the
header, interpret it, and write the corresponding <img> tag.
The only feasible way to do all this is using a scripting language,
as illustrated by the following, rather naive, php code </p>
<pre class="medium" style="margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:.5em"
> <?php
$mimetexurl = "http://www.<i>yourdomain</i>.com/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?";
function verticalalign( $expression ) {
global $mimetexurl;
// note: curl_init() stops at the first whitespace char in $url argument
$expression = ereg_replace(" ","~",$expression); // so remove whitespace
$url = $mimetexurl . $expression;
$valign = "0";
$ch = curl_init( $url );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, true );
$gif = curl_exec( $ch );
$errno = curl_errno( $ch );
curl_close( $ch );
if ( $errno == 0 ) {
$fields = explode("Vertical-Align:",$gif);
$vfield = trim($fields[1]);
$fldlen = strspn($vfield,"+-0123456789");
$valign = substr($vfield,0,$fldlen); }
return $valign;
}
function mimetextag( $expression ) {
global $mimetexurl;
$valign = verticalalign($expression);
$url = $mimetexurl . $expression;
echo ' <img src="',$url,'" ';
echo ' style="Vertical-Align:',$valign,'px" ';
echo ' alt="" border=0>', "\n";
}
?></pre>
<p> Now you can write
<?php mimetextag('\frac12\left(a^2+b^2\right)'); ?>
wherever you want to see
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageAV5" onclick="eqntext('imageAV5')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
\normalsize\frac12\left(a^2+b^2\right)"
alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-5px"></a>
correctly aligned. <!-- Besides making you escape backslashes
(each \ must be written \\), -->
This code calls mimeTeX twice to render each expression,
once to get the Vertical-Align: header and build an
<img> tag, and then again to render that tag.
If you're a good php programmer and write better code,
please email me a copy. </p>
<p> If you're using mimeTeX's
<b>-DCACHEPATH=\"<i>path</i>/\"</b>
<a href="#options">compile option</a>, prefix your
<b><i>path</i>/</b> with a leading <b>%</b> and write
<b>-DCACHEPATH=\"%<i>path</i>/\"</b> instead.
That leading <b>%</b> won't become part of your cache
directory's <b><i>path</i>/</b>, but it will signal mimeTeX
to cache headers along with each image.
Otherwise, the Vertical-Align: information is lost,
and attempts to align cached images will fail. </p>
<h3> <a name="alternatives">
Alternative solutions<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
<p> MimeTeX's benefit over similar math-on-the-web solutions is, as
mentioned above, its easy installation. But if that's not a
problem for you, and if your site's server already has a LaTeX
distribution installed, and suitable image conversion utilities like
<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org" target="_top">ImageMagick</a>,
then you may prefer to look at a math rendering script like
<a href="http://www.mayer.dial.pipex.com/tex.htm#latexrender"
target="_top">latexrender</a>
which uses LaTeX to create higher quality images than mimeTeX
produces. For comparison,
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageI2" onclick="eqntext('imageI2')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize
f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-11px"></a>,
with arbitrary mean
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageI3" onclick="eqntext('imageI3')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\mu" alt="" border=0
style="Vertical-Align:-5px"></a> and standard deviation
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageI4" onclick="eqntext('imageI4')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\sigma" alt="" border=0
style="Vertical-Align:0px"></a>,
and at mimeTeX's next larger font size, looks like </p>
<center>
<table>
<tr align="center">
<td> <font size="4">latexrender</font> </td>
<td> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{30}"
alt="" border=0> </td>
<td> <font size="4">mimeTeX</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td> <img src="http://www.forkosh.com/lrender.gif"
alt="" border=0 align=middle> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageI5" onclick="eqntext('imageI5')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
f(x)={\Large\frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}}}
\int_{\small-\infty}^xe^{-\small\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}}dt"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<p> Similar LaTeX-based solutions that you may want to look at are
<a href="http://www.mathtran.org" target="_top">mathtran</a>,
<a href="http://www.fourmilab.ch/webtools/textogif/textogif.html"
target="_top">textogif</a> and
<a href="http://www.math.uio.no/~martingu/gladtex/"
target="_top">gladTeX</a>. Additional discussion and several more
links are at <a href="http://www.tug.org/interest.html#web"
target="_top">www.tug.org/interest.html</a> and in the
<a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=LaTeX2HTML"
target="_top">tex-faq</a>. </p>
<p> For example, <a href="http://www.mathtran.org" target="_top">mathtran</a>
is a public LaTeX web service that's
particularly easy to use by following these simple
<a href="http://www.mathtran.org/wiki/index.php/TeX_image"
target="_top">instructions</a>. In the <head> of your
html page, place the tag <br>
<script type="text/javascript" <br>
src="http://www.mathtran.org/js/mathtran_img.js"></script><br>
and in the <body>, wherever you want to see latex images,
place tags like <br>
<img alt=<b>"</b>tex:<i>any latex math expression</i><b>"</b>><br>
For comparison, <br>
<img alt="tex: f(x) = \frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}} <br>
\int_{-\infty}^x e^{-\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}}dt"> <br>
looks like </p>
<center>
<table>
<tr align="center">
<td> <font size="4">mathtran</font> </td>
<td> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{30}"
alt="" border=0> </td>
<td> <font size="4">mimeTeX</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td> <img alt="tex:\displaystyle f(x) = \frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}}
\int_{-\infty}^x e^{-\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}}dt"> <br> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageP3" onclick="eqntext('imageP3')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
f(x)={\Large\frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}}}
\int_{\small-\infty}^xe^{-\small\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}}dt"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<!--
<p> The remainder of this introductory mimeTeX tutorial section contains </p>
<ul>
<li> First, a concise <a href="#quickstart">Quickstart</a> providing
just enough information for you to try rendering your own
expressions by <a href="#preview">Submitting Queries</a>
right from this page. </li>
<li> Then, a variety of additional <a href="#examples">Examples</a>
that more fully illustrate mimeTeX's capabilities
(later on, Section III comprises a more complete mimeTeX
<a href="#reference">Syntax Reference</a>). </li>
<li> Finally, the <a href="#gpl">gpl</a> license, whose terms
and conditions you must agree to before using mimeTeX.</li>
</ul>
-->
<p> You may now want to browse the additional <a href="#examples">Examples</a>
below before proceeding, to make sure mimeTeX suits your needs before you
spend more time learning to use it. </p>
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
QUICKSTART
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
<h2> <a name="quickstart"> (Ia) Quick Start </a> </h2>
<p> <!-- Unlike MathML, --> MimeTeX is as TeX-like as possible (though
not 100% compliant), and you must already be familiar with LaTeX
math markup to use it. If you're not, many online LaTeX
<a href="http://www.tug.org/begin.html#doc" target="_top">turorials</a>
are readily available. You may also want to browse Andrew Roberts'
<a href="http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/latextutorial9.html"
target="_top">Latex Math I</a> and
<a href="http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/latextutorial10.html"
target="_top">Latex Math II</a>, or my own
<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetextutorial.html" target="_top">
LaTeX math tutorial</a>.
Then, instead of continuing to read this page, you can <!-- may prefer
to play with mimeTeX yourself. In that case, --> just Submit any LaTeX
math expression you like in the Query Box below. I've started
you out with a little example already in the box, or <!-- , instead, -->
you can Click any of the <a href="#examples">Examples</a> below
to place that corresponding expression in the Query Box. </p>
<p> Meanwhile, here are just a few quickstart tips for Submitting
your own mimeTeX expressions in the Query Box below: </p>
<ul>
<li> MimeTeX currently has eight font sizes selected by
one of the usual directives <b>\tiny</b>
or <b>\small</b> or <b>\normalsize</b> ,
or <b>\large</b> (default) or <b>\Large</b>
or <b>\LARGE</b> , or <b>\huge</b> or <b>\Huge</b> .
Unlike standard LaTeX, font size directives may
appear within math mode expressions. They affect everything
to their right, except that their scope will be limited to any
<b>{ }</b>-enclosed subexpression in which they occur.
For example, "<b>a+\small b+c</b>"
renders
<a href="#preview"> <img id="imageBu" onclick="eqntext('imageBu')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large a+\small b+c"
alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-2px"></a>,
whereas "<b>\small a+{\Large b+}c</b>"
renders
<a href="#preview"> <img id="imageBv" onclick="eqntext('imageBv')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small a+{\Large b+}c"
alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-2px"></a>. </li>
<!-- <li> At smaller font sizes, try preceding your expression with
<b>\light</b> which adjusts mimeTeX's anti-aliasing
parameters to produce thinner lines that you may feel are
more legible, e.g.,<br>
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageIA1" onclick="eqntext('imageIA1')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\light\small\displaystyle
e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0
align=middle> </a>   versus
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageIA2" onclick="eqntext('imageIA2')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\displaystyle
e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0
align=middle> </a> </li> -->
<li> <!-- For displaystyle math mode limits illustrated above,
write either
<b>\displaystyle e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}</b>
or <b>e^x=\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}</b>
in the usual way (ditto for <b>\int</b>, <b>\prod</b>,
<b>\cup</b>, <b>\cap</b>, etc). --> <!-- MimeTeX also recognizes
<b>\Bigint</b>, <b>\Bigsum</b>, <b>\Bigprod</b>, and several
similar extra symbols which are a little bigger, and which
automatically render displaystyle limits. -->
<!-- MimeTeX default-renders limits displaystyle at sizes
<b>\large</b> and larger (see the <b>-DDISPLAYSIZE=<i>n</i></b>
<a href="#options">compile option</a> below to change the
default). <b>\textstyle</b> overrides this default for
your entire expression, or <b>\nolimits</b> overrides it
for a single operator. -->
By default, mimeTeX renders limits textstyle
<a href="#preview"> <img id="imageB1" onclick="eqntext('imageB1')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\textstyle
\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0
style="Vertical-Align:-5px"></a>
at sizes <b>\normalsize</b> and smaller,
and renders them displaystyle
<a href="#preview"> <img id="imageB2" onclick="eqntext('imageB2')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0
style="Vertical-Align:-15px"></a>
at sizes <b>\large</b> and larger.
The LaTeX directives <b>\displaystyle</b> or <b>\textstyle</b>,
and <b>\limits</b> or <b>\nolimits</b>, override mimeTeX's default
in the usual way. Or see the <b>-DDISPLAYSIZE=<i>n</i></b>
<a href="#options">compile option</a> below to change
the default. </li>
</ul>
<p> <a name="forminput"> </a> <a name="preview"> </a>
Now enter your own LaTeX expression, use the sample provided,
or Click any of the <a href="#examples">Examples</a>.
Then press the Submit button, and mimeTeX's rendering should be
displayed in the little window immediately below it. </p>
<center>
<table border="2" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">
<tr align="center"><td>
<form name="expression" action="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi"
method="get" target="inlineframe">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1">
<tr align="left"><td align="center">
<b>First enter your own LaTeX expression,
or Click any example...</b> <br>
<textarea name="formdata" rows="5" cols="72"
>\Large f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^x e^{-t^2}dt</textarea> <br>
</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td>
<font size="-1"> <input type="button" onClick="cleartext()"
value="Clear Expression">
<input type="submit" value="Submit Expression"> </font>
</td></tr>
</table>
</form> </td></tr> <tr align="left"><td align="center">
<b>Now click Submit to see it rendered below...</b> <br>
<iframe name="inlineframe" align="middle" width="85%" height="110">
<p>iframe's not supported if you see this.</p>
</iframe>
</td></tr>
</table>
</center>
<p> You should see
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageIA3" onclick="eqntext('imageIA3')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize
f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^x e^{-t^2}dt"
alt="" border=0 style="Vertical-Align:-11px"></a>
if you submit the sample expression already in the box.
Or see <a href="#messages">error messages</a> whenever an
unexpected image is displayed instead. </p>
<p> The <img> tag to embed this same integral anywhere
in your own document is </p>
<pre> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></pre>
<p class="continue">
<!-- You can see numerous additional examples illustrating html
<img> tags using mimeTeX by viewing this page's source. -->
And recall that the typical mimeTeX <img> tag has the form </p>
<pre> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?any valid LaTeX/mimeTeX expression"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></pre> <p class="continue">
where <b>../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi</b> is the relative path from your html
page containing these tags to your compiled mimetex.cgi program, and
where <b>any valid LaTeX/mimeTeX expression</b>
is pretty much any valid LaTeX math expression: </p> <ul>
<!-- <li> As discussed in the <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>,
you can replace cumbersome <img> tags with your own custom
tags or wrapper scripts. </li> -->
<li> <!-- And --> There are occasional exceptions where I couldn't
program mimeTeX to recognize valid LaTeX syntax.
One particular "gotcha" is that mimeTeX bindings
are pretty much left-to-right. Thus, for example, although
mimeTeX correctly interprets <b>\frac12</b> as well as
<b>\frac1{x^2}</b>, etc, the legal LaTeX expression
<b>x^\frac12</b> must be written <b>x^{\frac12}</b>.
Otherwise, mimeTeX interprets it as <b>{x^\frac}12</b>, i.e.,
the same way <b>x^\alpha12</b> would be interpreted, which is
nonsense for <b>\frac</b>. The same "gotcha" also applies to
other combinations of commands, e.g., you must write
<b>\sqrt{\frac\alpha\beta}</b>, or
<b>\frac\alpha{\sqrt\beta}</b>, etc.
The <a href="#reference">Syntax Reference</a> section
contains much additional information. <!-- Or you can just begin
playing with mimeTeX for yourself to see if it might have
any potential usefulness for you. --> </li>
<li> And there are various additional syntactic and cosmetic
differences between LaTeX and mimeTeX. For example,
bounding boxes for mimeTeX's character bitmaps don't
accommodate italic corrections. Therefore, an expression
like <b>\int\nolimits_a^b</b> renders
<img id="gotcha1" onclick="eqntext('gotcha1')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
\normalsize\displaystyle\int\nolimits_a^b"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> rather than
<img id="gotcha2" onclick="eqntext('gotcha2')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
\normalsize\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_a}^b"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a><b>.</b>
To render the latter image you have to write the somewhat
cumbersome expression <b>{\smashmargin2{\int\nolimits_a}^b}</b>
instead (see <a href="#smash">smash</a> below). </li>
<li> Besides such exceptions, mimeTeX
also provides various LaTeX extensions. <!-- , i.e., LaTeX errors
permitted by mimetex. --> For example, font size
directives like <b>\Large</b> are permitted within mimeTeX
math mode expressions, but flagged as errors by LaTeX.
<!-- But note well: if you take advantage of mimeTeX extensions,
your math mode expressions will no longer be accepted by
standard TeX engines. --> </li> </ul>
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
EXAMPLES
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
<h2> <a name="examples"> (Ib) Examples </a> </h2>
<p> Here are various additional random examples further illustrating
mimeTeX's features and usage. To see how they're done, Click any
one of them to place its corresponding expression in the
<a href="#preview">Query Box</a> above. Then press Submit
to re-render it, or you can edit the expression first to suit
your own purposes. </p>
<table cellspacing=15>
<!-- first example: taylor series for e^x at various font sizes and colors
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
<tr>
<td>
<font size=5><a name="example1">(1)</a></font> </td>
<td align="left" colspan=4>
<a href="#preview">
<img id="example1a" onclick="eqntext('example1a')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\red\normalsize\displaystyle
e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>    
<a href="#preview">
<img id="example1b" onclick="eqntext('example1b')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\green\large\displaystyle
e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>    
<a href="#preview">
<img id="example1c" onclick="eqntext('example1c')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\blue\Large
e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>    
<a href="#preview">
<img id="example1d" onclick="eqntext('example1d')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\reverse\opaque
\LARGE e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>    
<a href="#preview">
<img id="example1e" onclick="eqntext('example1e')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE
e^x=\lim_{n\to\infty} \left(1+\frac xn\right)^n"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>
</td>
</tr>
<!-- second example
+++++++++++++++++++ -->
<tr>
<td>
<font size=5>(2)</font> </td>
<td align="left" colspan=4>
<a href="#preview">
<img id="example2" onclick="eqntext('example2')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\frac{dv^m}{ds}=-\Gamma^m_{oo}v^{o^2}
=-g^{mn}\Gamma_{noo}v^{o^2}=\frac12g^{mn}g_{oo,n}v^{o^2}"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
</tr>
<!-- third example
++++++++++++++++++ -->
<tr>
<td>
<font size=5>(3)</font> </td>
<td align="left" colspan=4>
<a href="#preview">
<img id="example3" onclick="eqntext('example3')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\varepsilon=\sum_{i=1}^{n-1}
\frac1{\Delta x}\int_{x_i}^{x_{i+1}}\left\{\frac1{\Delta x}\big[
(x_{i+1}-x)y_i^\ast+(x-x_i)y_{i+1}^\ast\big]-f(x)\right\}^2dx"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
</tr>
<!-- fourth example: solution to quadratic, definition of derivative
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
<tr>
<td>
<font size=5>(4)</font> </td>
<td align="left" colspan=4>
<table>
<tr>
<td align="left">
<a href="#preview">
<img id="example4a" onclick="eqntext('example4a')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
<td>
solution for quadratic </td>
</tr>
<tr> <td> <br> </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">
<a href="#preview">
<img id="example4b" onclick="eqntext('example4b')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large f^\prime(x)\ =
\lim_{\Delta x\to0}\frac{f(x+\Delta x)-f(x)}{\Delta x}"
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
<td>
definition of derivative </td>
</tr>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<!-- fifth example: continued fraction
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
<tr>
<td>
<font size=5>(5)</font> </td>
<td align="left">
<a href="#preview">
<img id="example5" onclick="eqntext('example5')"
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE f=b_o+\frac{a_1}{b_1+