diff --git a/src/compiler/interpreter.jl b/src/compiler/interpreter.jl
index cbb144af41..098b476d73 100644
--- a/src/compiler/interpreter.jl
+++ b/src/compiler/interpreter.jl
@@ -40,14 +40,18 @@ struct EnzymeInterpreter <: AbstractInterpreter
     inf_params::InferenceParams
     opt_params::OptimizationParams
 
-    mode::API.CDerivativeMode
+    forward_rules::Bool
+    reverse_rules::Bool
+    deferred_lower::Bool
 end
 
 function EnzymeInterpreter(
     cache_or_token,
     mt::Union{Nothing,Core.MethodTable},
     world::UInt,
-    mode::API.CDerivativeMode,
+    forward_rules::Bool,
+    reverse_rules::Bool,
+    deferred_lower::Bool = true
 )
     @assert world <= Base.get_world_counter()
 
@@ -70,10 +74,20 @@ function EnzymeInterpreter(
         # parameters for inference and optimization
         parms,
         OptimizationParams(),
-        mode,
+        forward_rules,
+        reverse_rules,
+        deferred_lower
     )
 end
 
+EnzymeInterpreter(
+    cache_or_token,
+    mt::Union{Nothing,Core.MethodTable},
+    world::UInt,
+    mode::API.CDerivativeMode,
+    deferred_lower::Bool = true
+) = EnzymeInterpreter(cache_or_token, mt, world, mode == API.DEM_ForwardMode, mode == API.DEM_ReverseModeCombined || mode == API.DEM_ReverseModePrimal || mode == API.DEM_ReverseModeGradient, deferred_lower)
+
 Core.Compiler.InferenceParams(interp::EnzymeInterpreter) = interp.inf_params
 Core.Compiler.OptimizationParams(interp::EnzymeInterpreter) = interp.opt_params
 get_inference_world(interp::EnzymeInterpreter) = interp.world
@@ -206,12 +220,18 @@ function Core.Compiler.abstract_call_gf_by_type(
         callinfo = AlwaysInlineCallInfo(callinfo, atype)
     elseif EnzymeRules.is_inactive_from_sig(specTypes; world = interp.world, method_table)
         callinfo = NoInlineCallInfo(callinfo, atype, :inactive)
-    elseif interp.mode == API.DEM_ForwardMode
-        if EnzymeRules.has_frule_from_sig(specTypes; world = interp.world, method_table)
+    else
+        if interp.forward_rules
+          if EnzymeRules.has_frule_from_sig(specTypes; world = interp.world, method_table)
             callinfo = NoInlineCallInfo(callinfo, atype, :frule)
+          end
+        end
+    
+        if interp.reverse_rules
+            if EnzymeRules.has_rrule_from_sig(specTypes; world = interp.world, method_table)
+              callinfo = NoInlineCallInfo(callinfo, atype, :rrule)
+            end
         end
-    elseif EnzymeRules.has_rrule_from_sig(specTypes; world = interp.world, method_table)
-        callinfo = NoInlineCallInfo(callinfo, atype, :rrule)
     end
     @static if VERSION ≥ v"1.11-"
         return Core.Compiler.CallMeta(ret.rt, ret.exct, ret.effects, callinfo)
@@ -392,7 +412,7 @@ function abstract_call_known(
         end
     end
 
-    if f === Enzyme.autodiff && length(argtypes) >= 4
+    if interp.deferred_lower && f === Enzyme.autodiff && length(argtypes) >= 4
         if widenconst(argtypes[2]) <: Enzyme.Mode &&
            widenconst(argtypes[3]) <: Enzyme.Annotation &&
            widenconst(argtypes[4]) <: Type{<:Enzyme.Annotation}