A Free and Open Source Geographic Information System http://www.qgis.org
Geospatial Data Abstraction Library http://www.gdal.org
Python binding of the cross-platform GUI toolkit Qt https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/
The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python https://numpy.org
Fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python https://scipy.org
Visualization with Python https://matplotlib.org
Scientific Graphics and GUI Library for Python http://www.pyqtgraph.org
Machine Learning in Python http://scikit-learn.org
The common core package for Astronomy in Python https://www.astropy.org