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Metadata
The new colored coins protocol supports adding (potentially arbitrary amounts of) metadata to any colored transaction ([issuance](Coloring Scheme#issuance-transaction-encoding) or [transfer](Coloring Scheme#transfer-transaction-encoding)). The metadata is in plain JSON format and it's inclusion is optional.
When metadata is included it is not stored directly on the blockchain but rather using the BitTorrent Protocol which gives a decentralized way to share and store data. We use the new DHT trackerless torrents that remove the need for a centralized host for torrent file trackers, further supporting decentralization of our protocol.
The BitTorrent protocol uses a SHA1 hash to reference the file that stores the actual data. This 20 byte SHA1 info_hash is recorded on the blockchain.
Because SHA1 hashes are no longer considered cryptographically secure this opens up the (somewhat theoretical) possibility that a preimage attack on the torrent info_hash can cause us to load the wrong data from torrents. We provide a simple counter measure to deal with this possibility. The protocol supports recording an additional SHA-256 hash of the metadata on the blockchain. This way we can verify the torrent data integrity before using it. Including the SHA-256 hash of the metadata is optional and metadata recorded on the blockchain without the additional SHA2 for verification can be considered to be of lower security.
The torrent 20 byte SHA1 info_hash referencing the metadata in a colored transaction is currently recorded on the blockchain using a single [OP_RETURN](Coloring Scheme#op_return) output (if 40 bytes are enough) or potentially with one additional [(1|3) multisignature address](Coloring Scheme#multisignature-addresses-multisig) when also the SHA-256 metadata hash is included.
When a SHA-256 hash of the metadata is included for additional security, it is currently (as long as OP_RETURN is limited to 40 bytes) recorded on the blockchain using a (1|2) or (1|3) multisig address, depending on circumstance.
In the future, when the Bitcoin network starts accepting 80 bytes OP_RETURN, we may include both the SHA1 torrent info_hash and the SHA-256 metadata hash after the OP_RETURN. In that case it may be beneficial to further compress the SHA-256 using an additional RIPEMD-160 so that also the SHA2 blockchain record size is limited to 20 bytes.
Metadata support is one of the new novelties introduced by the new colored coins protocol. There are two basic parts: [Static Data](Static Data) and Rules, each discussed in detail in the linked sections. Generally, the data section consists of various static data fields while the rules section encodes an extra layer of logic supported by our rule engine that unlocks smart contracts functionality to colored coins.
[Static Data](Static Data) goes under the metadata key, Rules go under the Rules key.
{
metadata: {...Static data goes here...},
rules: {...Rule definitions go here...}
}
The general metadata syntax is the following:
{
metadata: {
assetId: String,
assetName: String,
assetGenesis: String,
issuer: String,
description: String,
urls: [
{name: String, url: String, mimeType: String, dataHash: String },
{name: String, url: String, mimeType: String, dataHash: String },
...
],
userData : {
meta: [
{key: String, value: String, type: String},
{key: String, value: String, type: String},
...
],
user_key: user_value,
user_key: user_value,
...
},
encryptions: [
{key: "user_key", pubKey: 'RSA Public Key',format:'pem|der',type:'pkcs1|pkcs8' },
...
],
verifications: {
social:{
twitter:{
assetID: 'the asset's id',
pid: 'twitter tweet id'
},
facebook:{
assetID: 'the asset's id',
uid: 'facebook profile/user id',
pid: 'facebook post id'
},
github:{
assetID: 'the asset's id',
pid: 'github gist id'
}
},
domain:{
url:"https://.....",
path:"assets.txt"
},
signed:{
message: "We at ... verifying issuance of colored coins asset with asset ID [...].",
signed_message: "-----BEGIN CMS-----...-----END CMS-----",
cert: "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----...-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
}
}
},
rules: {
fees: [{}],
expiration: {},
minters: [{}],
holders: [{}]
}
}
All the above keys are optional (except for assetGenesis in case of re-issuance by minters).
Currently, only the hyperlinked keys are recognized by the colored coins code. However, even though the basic colored coins code will ignore other keys, any one can fork the colored coins opensource code and add supporting logic for more keys.
metadata: {
assetId:'LDJMbzwCBWhrrXpKS7TrCfoAWYgXQhwZg1G6R',
assetName: "Time Machine",
issuer: "Dr. Emmet Brown",
description: "The flux capacitor will send us back to the future",
urls: [
{
name: "imdb",
url: "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088763/",
mimeType: "text/html",
dataHash: "249e3e3c77d07d8fe8984a47bbbab8c89aeb8b1dadf4e2ff47db42a3e5a1c126"
}
],
encryptions: [
{
key: "Undelrying Physics",
pubKey: "-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBCgKCAQEA0hw6PRO9RpHRf/pdpEMfD01odzBTaheuA1JxunVTq+/X1hGSUrpRWMIM/tp8\n9DQod6K+6Bo/2CmoZxkWPOk45tbU9QE4Cb532n+MIkzsmbvmM+i49UXSqC8v44MGKTVLb7X2\nPogItSM3lqH4KpZR3cM/JDarfS1R77U/OMDZ/YECDPbcwKPdSLQHhWJ1c9cX5+0lCSDt1WXY\n4XX+hH64C+L/Ss4dMP2kpyHvbsBYpGdLu7AmcDmHtCOl2rXR1z4E0asYGiojw3PI56ATOndS\n30ABKKgQTAExjPQ24BtJYhfJ+zD5zHhztizPPfOwrID2HTfGwVTwfXinV4bpoFfwhwIDAQAB\n-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
format: "pem",
type: "pkcs1"
}
],
verifications: {
social:{
twitter:{
assetID: 'LJEC6Q2h9JKNvZqEC87TbEXvxm4br1uivb2QX',
pid: '651645990554968064'
},
facebook:{
assetID: 'LJEC6Q2h9JKNvZqEC87TbEXvxm4br1uivb2QX',
uid: '1232952150',
pid: '486035954907151'
},
github:{
assetID: 'LJEC6Q2h9JKNvZqEC87TbEXvxm4br1uivb2QX',
pid: '6c704f5759927212e714'
}
},
domain:{
url:"https://www.example.com",
path:"assets.txt"
},
signed:{
message: "We at example.com verifying issuance of colored coins asset with asset ID [LJEC6Q2h9JKNvZqEC87TbEXvxm4br1uivb2QX].",
signed_message: "-----BEGIN CMS-----
MIIFawYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIFXDCCBVgCAQExDzANBglghkgBZQMEAgEFADCBgQYJ
KoZIhvcNAQcBoHQEcldlIGF0IGV4YW1wbGUuY29tIHZlcmlmeWluZyBpc3N1YW5j
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AgEBMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMBoxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQswCQYDVQQKDAJaNDAe
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zojAHw3A85TsQNOAw5xBRgH/pA0IjUntmbagu25yHPPikhv6jhkCFWmsuFHK+qLw
5MpDuR8Z+zlO7CafUz/R9CR/MzEAOmM4o2B/S7LqU3q62N1Os8ooVRA11zr9PLwR
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qZT5uAGldHG1UJl+sJ266J96wB5TyvCXzdT+G5Pw7as3tn1GIXel/hXIMu0Nq00=
-----END CMS-----",
cert: "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIC/zCCAeegAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADAaMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEL
MAkGA1UECgwCWjQwHhcNMTMwODI4MTgyODM0WhcNMjMwODI4MTgyODM0WjAaMQsw
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q0gq
-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
}
},
userData :{
meta: [
{key: 'Weight', value: 50000, type: 'Number'},
{key: 'Model', value: "Delorean", type: 'String'},
],
technology: 'flux capacitor 666',
"Undelrying Physics": 'This magnetic flux calculator calculates the magnetic flux of an object based on the magnitude of the magnetic field which the object emanates and the area of the object, according to the formula, Φ=BA, if the magnetic field is at a 90° angle (perpendicular) to the area of the object. If the magnetic field is not perpendicular to the object, then use the calculator below, which computes the magnetic flux at non-perpendicular angles. The magnetic flux is directly proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic field emanating from the object and the area of the object. The greater the magnetic field, the greater the magnetic flux. Conversely, the smaller the magnetic field, the smaller the flux. The area of the object has the same direct relationship. The greater the area of an object, the greater the flux. Conversely, the smaller the area, the smaller the magnetic flux.'
}
}