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Wikipedia:WikiProject Spiders/Style
guide
< Wikipedia:WikiProject Spiders
Main page Talk page Style guide Assessment Activity log Members Resources
The hints presented on this page are merely suggestions on how to best create a new page for the
spider project. Read them, but write the pages the way you like. If you disagree with suggestions
proposed here, please discuss this at the talk page.
Scientific names should be used for the article titles unless the common name is well-known or
reasonably unique. Examples of these include "Atypical tarantula" for Atypidae and "Jumping spider"
for Salticidae. Below family, Latin names are almost always used for article titles, though there are
exceptions. The southern black widow uses "Latrodectus mactans", while the Brown recluse can be
found at "Brown recluse spider". In general, the idea is to make the article easy to find for those who
are looking for it, so use your best judgment. When in doubt, use the Latin name and redirect the
common name to the correct species. A semi-regularly updated list of common names can be found
here.
Other rules to follow:
Family titles and higher taxa are capitalized, but not italicized.
Genera titles are always both italicized and capitalized. The automatic taxobox template will
italicize the title by default, so the "Italic title" template isn't necessary.
Species titles should be both italicized and capitalized, and include both the genera and species.
Common names as titles are lowercase and not italicized.
See Wikipedia:WikiProject Tree of Life#Article_titles for suggestions on naming pages dealing with a
species, genus, subfamily or similar.
Use sentence case for spider common names (rather than title case). For example, "black widow",
rather than "Black Widow".
Page title
Common name capitalization
Short descriptions
All mainspace articles should have a short description. Short descriptions should normally be limited
to "genus of spiders". If the family has a commonly known and unambiguous English name, it can also
be included. Examples include Salticidae ("Genus of jumping spiders") and Thomisidae("Genus of
crab spiders"). See discussion here and generic implementation rules here
Every page of a species, genus, subfamily, or other clearly defined taxonomical grouping should have a
taxobox. Here are two templates for the most common hierarchy layers:
Example genus taxobox
Example species taxobox
When choosing a picture to use for a species-level taxobox, choose the picture that would be most
useful for identifying the species. Males and females are often significantly different; if so, try to find
an image of each.
Spider names fall under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Don't add or remove
parentheses in author citations for species as they have a precise meaning: "Thorell, 1877" means that
the species is in the same genus that Thorell used in 1877; "(Thorell, 1877)" means that someone else
has later moved the species to another genus. (Author citation (zoology) explains in detail how
zoological authors are cited.) A reference should always be given for the author citation (normally in
the taxobox). The original description does not constitute a reliable source on its own. A reliable
secondary source is needed that says this is the accepted authority; since, for example, after the
original description it may have been discovered that the name was not acceptable under the ICZN
Code because the species name was already in use in the genus, or the species may have been
transferred to another genus, when parentheses need to be added to the author citation. The main
secondary reference for the authors of family, genus and species names is the World Spider Catalog (h
ttp://www.wsc.nmbe.ch).
You can use the List of Arachnologists to easily wikify the author of taxa. If you don't find the author
in this list, try to find them in one of these:
List of zoologists by author abbreviation
German list of zoologists
If you do find an author elsewhere, please enter it into the above list. There are also sometimes wiki
pages about people that do not appear in any of these three lists.
To wikify the authors has several benefits:
it helps to find out who this person was
Taxoboxes
Taxon authors
it provides (even if it's a redlink) an easy way to find all taxa authored by this person (via What
links here).
It's useful to list the synonyms in the taxobox. A reference should also be provided. The {{Specieslist}}
template provides an easy way to format a list of species names, for example:
| synonyms =
{{Specieslist
|Aphonopelma brunnius|Chamberlin, 1940
|Aphonopelma chamberlini|Smith, 1995
|Aphonopelma iviei|Smith, 1995
|Aphonopelma lithodomum|Chamberlin, 1940
|Aphonopelma smithi|Smith, 1995
|Aphonopelma zionis|Chamberlin, 1940
}}
| synonyms_ref=<ref name=.../>
The synonyms will then be listed as below, with automatic italicization for the species name and small
text for the authority:
Aphonopelma brunnius Chamberlin, 1940
Aphonopelma chamberlini Smith, 1995
Aphonopelma iviei Smith, 1995
Aphonopelma lithodomum Chamberlin, 1940
Aphonopelma smithi Smith, 1995
Aphonopelma zionis Chamberlin, 1940
The World Spider Catalog can be used as a source of synonyms, but interpretation is needed because
it gives a list of taxonomic references, not synonyms. As an example, consider its entry (http://www.w
sc.nmbe.ch/species/2698/Araneus_arizonensis) for Araneus arizonensis:
Epeira arizonensis Banks, 1900a: 100 (Dmf).
Epeira arizonensis Banks, 1901a: 585, pl. 22, f. 5 (m).
Araneus arizonensis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 280.
Neosconella arizonensis Archer, 1951a: 38 (Tmf from Araneus).
Conaranea gertschi Archer, 1951b: 7, f. 17, 30 (f only, misidentified).
Araneus arizonensis Levi, 1973: 497, f. 60-71 (mf).
Araneus arizonensis Levi, 1991a: 290, f. 507-510 (mf).
There are only two synonyms here to go in the taxobox:
✔ Epeira arizonensis Banks, 1900 – the species name arizonensis will always be attributed to the
first describer, i.e. "Banks, 1900"
✘ Araneus arizonensis (Banks, 1900) – Petrunkevitch in 1911 transferred the species to Araneus, so
here "Banks, 1900" is placed in parentheses; Petrunkevitch isn't mentioned (he would be in
botanical names, but isn't in zoological ones); however this is the currently accepted name, so isn't
listed under "Synonyms" in the taxobox
✔ Neosconella arizonensis (Banks, 1900) – another transfer, but not the currently accepted genus
placement
✘ Conaranea gertschi is not a junior synonym, but a misidentification.
Synonyms
Repetitions of the same binomen are never synonyms.
It's easiest to work with a layered template for entering range information into a world map. At the
moment, pure green (#00FF00, (0,255,0)) is used, (example). I use such a template for the gimp, call
me if you can use it. --Sarefo 15:11, 21 July 2006 (UTC)
See Wikipedia:Distribution maps.
Spider taxonomy is a dynamic field, with dozens to hundreds of new species and genera being
described each year. Furthermore, taxonomic revisions may split existing genera, or reassign species
into new genera. Thus, it is a good idea to be general rather than specific: e.g. stating "contains around
80 genera and 600 species" rather than "contains 79 genera and 587 species" ensures that the
statement will still be correct, and articles will not have to be updated with every taxonomic change.
Suggestion on how to insert references:
with DOI
with linked PDF
The year is in parentheses behind the author's name, species, genera and journal name are in italics.
Tools make citations fairly easy, in a standard output format, and provide a checklist of items needed
for each of type of citation (journals, books, news, web pages)
MakeRef (https://tools.wmflabs.org/makeref/) runs in a different page than the article, and it is
usually easier to run it in a different tab.
If a URL dies, Internet Archive (http://www.archive.org/index.php)'s Way Back Machine often
contains archived copies of web pages that have gone offline - including some older spider journal
articles! It's easiest to supply the original URL, but the Archive also has a Search box into which you
can paste the title. When citing archived copies: parameter accessdate= is still required, and you must
also add parameter archiveurl=... for the link provided by Internet Archive (as well as the normal
"url=..."), and add parameter archivedate=... giving the date when the archived copy was made (the
Way Back Machine shows a calender, and click the archivedate to see the archived content)
Articles about spider taxa and redirects to them should be put into appropriate categories.
Distribution maps
Numbers
References
Categories
For all ranks, use a "taxonomic category", typically the family category (e.g.
Category:Cyatholipidae), or for large genera, the genus category (e.g. Category:Agyneta), plus for
families and genera, the category for that rank of taxon (e.g. for families Category:Araneomorphae
families or for genera Category:Mygalomorphae genera). For monotypic genera, use e.g.
Category:Monotypic Araneomorphae genera.
For species, also use a "Spiders described in YEAR" category (e.g. Category:Spiders described in
1888). Do not use these categories for other ranks, because ultimately they are subcategories of
"Species described in YEAR". "Described in" means "first scientifically named and described in",
so it should only be placed on the scientific name – either the article where this is at the scientific
name or the scientific name redirect where the article is at the English name.
For species, and optionally for narrowly endemic genera and families, add a "location" category.
See Category:Spiders by location for an introduction to these categories.
Examples:
Pholcidae is placed in Category:Pholcidae and Category:Araneomorphae families.
Orb-weaver spider is placed in Category:Araneidae. The redirect at Araneidae (https://en.wikipedi
a.org/w/index.php?title=Araneidae&redirect=no) is also placed in Category:Araneidae but also in
Category:Araneomorphae families.
Araneus is placed in Category:Araneus (a large genus, so used instead of the family as the main
taxonomic category), and Category:Araneomorphae genera.
Araneus diadematus is placed in Category:Araneus (a large genus, so used instead of the family
as the main taxonomic category), Category:Spiders described in 1758 and Category:Holarctic
spiders (the appropriate largest area category is always used).
Barn spider is placed in Category:Araneus (a large genus, so used instead of the family as the
main taxonomic category) and Category: Spiders of North America. The redirect at the scientific
name, Araneus cavaticus (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Araneus_cavaticus&redirect=
no), is also placed in Category:Araneus but additionally in Category:Spiders described in 1882.
The redirect Nita (spider) (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nita_(spider)&redirect=no) is
placed in Category:Pholcidae and Category:Monotypic Araneomorphae genera. The article at Nita
elsaff is placed in Category:Pholcidae, Category:Spiders described in 2007, Category:Spiders of
Africa and Category:Spiders of Asia.
If you think an article is not yet useful for most people due to it lacking information, consider adding
one of the spider stub templates to the end of the article. The categories at Category:Spider stubs
provide a list of possible stub templates. This way it's easiest for other editors to find articles that need
be taken care of.
At the beginning of a talk page enter this template:
{{WikiProject Spiders|class=CLASS|importance=IMPORTANCE}} or
{{WPSpiders|CLASS|IMPORTANCE}}
Mark stubs
Mark talk page
where the words in capital letters are replaced by appropriate values. This directs readers to this
project and also assesses the article (by quality or type and by importance) – see Article Classification.
This is actually quite important; this way we can stay on top of more than 10,000 articles related to
spiders.
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